Qur’on tarixiy voqealar haqida ham diqqatga sazovor darajada aniq bo‘lib, Payg‘ambar ﷺ ning bilishi mumkin bo‘lmagan voqealar haqida ham shunday. Quyida Qur’onda qadimgi Misr haqida uchraydigan tarixiy aniqlikka oid bir nechta misollar keltirilgan:

The Qur’an is also remarkably accurate about historical events that would have been impossible for the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to have known about. The following are some examples of the historical precision regarding ancient Egypt found in the Qur’an:

Injil ham Muqaddas Kitob ham Fir'avnning suvga g'arq bo'lganini bayon qiladi, lekin Qur'on Alloh uning jasadini o'sha kunining o'zida dengizda yo'qolib ketishidan saqlab, keyingi zolimlar uchun ibrat qilishini ta'kidlaydi. Alloh taolo aytadi: {Biz Isroil o'g'illarini dengizdan o'tkazdik. Fir'avn va uning qo'shini zulm va adovat bilan ularning ketidan quvdi. Nihoyat, g'arq bo'lish uni qamrab olganda, u dedi: "Men Isroil o'g'illari ishongan zotdan o'zga iloh yo'qligiga va men musulmonlardanman, deb ishonaman".} Endi?! Holbuki, ilgari sen itoatsizlik qilgan va buzg'unchilardan bo'lgan eding. Bugun esa biz senga tanangni saqlab qo'yamiz, toki sen o'zingdan keyingilarga ibrat bo'lasan. Darhaqiqat, odamlarning ko'pchiligi Bizning oyatlarimizdan g'aflatda.428

While the Bible also states that the Pharaoh of Moses drowned, the Qur’an asserts that God will make an example of him for later oppressors by saving his corpse—on that same day—from being lost at sea. Allah says, And We took the Israelites across the sea, and Pharaoh and his soldiers pursued them in tyranny and enmity until, when drowning overtook him, he said, ‘I believe that there is no deity except that in whom the Israelites believe, and I am of the Muslims.’ Now? And you had disobeyed [Him] before and were of the corrupters? So today, We will save you in [terms of] your body that you may be to those after you a sign. And indeed, many among humanity are heedless of Our signs.428

Chunki mumiyalarni saqlash juda kam uchraydigan hodisa bo'lib, Muhammad ﷺ o'z davridagi bilimlar doirasida bu aniq fir'avnning mumiyalashtirilgan holda saqlanib qolganini bilishi mumkin bo'lmagan, shuning uchun Qur'ondagi Muso payg'ambarning fir'avni haqidagi bu da'vo hayratlanarli. Bundan tashqari, Qur'onda Alloh tomonidan isyoni uchun jazolangan ko'plab halok bo'lgan xalqlar haqida gapiriladi va ularning hikoyalari keyingi avlodlar uchun ibrat ekani aytiladi, lekin Alloh ularning jasadlarini kelajak avlodlar uchun belgi sifatida saqlab qolishini hech qachon aytmagan. Qur'ondagi yagona istisno - fir'avnning jasadi bo'lib, u bugungacha Qohiradagi Misr muzeyida saqlanib qolgan.

Since the preservation of mummies is quite uncommon, and the fact that Muhammad could not have known about this particular Pharaoh surviving in mummified form given the knowledge of his day, this Qur’anic assertion about the Pharoah of Moses is mindboggling. Furthermore, while the Qur’an mentions many perished nations punished by God for their rebellion, and that their accounts are a lesson for later people, Allah never stated that He would save their bodies as signs for those future generations. The sole exception in the Qur’an is that Pharaoh’s corpse which happens to remain available until today in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo.

Muhammad ﷺ dan oldin ko'p asrlar va undan keyin deyarli 1200 yil davomida, Napoleon Bonapartening bosqinlarigacha, qadimgi Misr haqidagi bilimlar kam edi, desa bo'ladi. 1799 yilda Rosetta toshi deb ataladigan lavha topilgandan keyingina Misrshunoslik fani vujudga keldi, ierogliflar o'qildi va ushbu yo'qolib ketgan sivilizatsiya haqida ishonchli manba materiallari paydo bo'ldi. Frantsiyadan ushbu yangi topilgan qabrlarni o'rganish uchun yuborilgan tadqiqotchilar guruhi orasida doktor Moris Bukay ham bor edi, u bu loyiha bo'yicha "Fir'avn mumiyolari: zamonaviy tibbiy tadqiqotlar" nomli buyuk asarini nashr etdi.

For several centuries before, and nearly 1,200 years after the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم, until the invasions of Napoleon Bonaparte, knowledge of ancient Egypt was scarce at best. It was only after the discovery of a tablet called the Rosetta Stone, in 1799, that the discipline of Egyptology was born, the hieroglyphics were deciphered, and reliable source material about this perished civilization became available. Among the team of researchers sent from France to explore these newfound tombs was Dr. Maurice Bucaille, who published on this project his great work, Mummies of the Pharaoh: Modern Medical Investigations.

Bucaille 1976-yilda o'z topilmalarini Fransiya Sud tibbiyoti institutiga taqdim etdi va bu ilg'or ishi uchun Fransiyada bir necha milliy mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.

Bucaille presented his findings in 1976 to the French Institute for Forensic Medicine and received multiple national awards in France for this groundbreaking work.

Fir'avn va uning qo'shinlari haqida halok bo'lishlarini bayon qilgandan so'ng, Qur'on shunday deydi: "Osmon ham, yer ham ular uchun yig'lamadi va ularga mohlat berilmadi."429 Yaqinda topilgan piramida matnlari bu oyatning ma'nosiga yangi qirralar qo'shdi. Unda Fir'avn o'limida osmonlar ustidan hukmronlikka da'vo qilib, yuksalishi tasvirlangan. Qadimiy ierogliflarda shunday yozilgan: "Osmon sen uchun yig'laydi; yer sen uchun titraydi... sen osmonga yulduz, tong yulduzi kabi ko'tarilganingda."430 Boshqacha aytganda, bu maxsus afsonaviy ulug'lashlarga, ular saqlanayotgan xazinalar ochilishidan 1000 yildan ko'proq oldin, Qur'on to'g'ridan-to'g'ri javob bergan edi.

After describing their demise, the Qur’an then says about Pharaoh and his troops, “And the heaven and earth wept not for them, nor were they reprieved.”429 A recently unearthed pyramid text has granted new depths to the meaning of this verse. In it, Pharaoh is described as ascending at death to claim supremacy of the heavens. The ancient hieroglyphics read, “The sky weeps for thee; the earth trembles for thee… when thou ascendest to heaven as a star, as the morning star.”430 In other words, the Qur’an was issuing a direct response to these specific mythological adulations, over 1,000 years before the vaults hiding them were unlocked.

Qur'an identifies the ruler of Egypt as "Pharaoh" sixty-five times, but only in the story of Moses. Not a single time is Egypt's earlier king during the time of Joseph called a "Pharaoh" in the Qur'an. This differs from the Old Testament, which uses the title for both rulers, and even for the ruler of Egypt during the earlier time of Prophet Abraham. However, it has since been established that the term "Pharaoh" was first coined during the reign of Thutmose III (d. 1436 BC), the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt. Historians have further discovered that during the era of Joseph, the 15th to 17th dynasties of Egypt were an invading force from Palestine, and hence they were called the Hyksos (literally: foreign kings). Since "Pharaoh" meant "great house" or "elite bloodline," and since the Hyksos were occupiers and not indigenous rulers, they were naturally ineligible for the honorific title, had it even existed.433

The Qur’an identifies the ruler of Egypt as “Pharaoh” sixty-five times, but only in the story of Moses . Not a single time is Egypt’s earlier king during the time of Joseph  called a “Pharaoh” in the Qur’an. This differs from the Old Testament which uses the title for both rulers, and even for the ruler of Egypt during the earlier time of Prophet Abraham .431 However, it has since been established that the term “Pharaoh” was first coined during the reign of Thutmose III (d. 1436 BC), the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt.432 Historians have further discovered that during the era of Joseph, the 15th to 17th dynasties of Egypt were an invading force from Palestine, and hence they were called the Hyksos (literally: foreign kings). Since “Pharaoh” meant “great house” or “elite bloodline,” and since the Hyksos were occupiers and not indigenous rulers, they were naturally ineligible for the honorific title—had it even existed.433

Doktor Bukaylning yozishicha, shuni tan olishim kerakki, Qur'on odamlarga birinchi marta yetkazilayotgan paytda qadimgi Misr tili insoniyat xotirasidan ikki asrdan ortiq vaqt yo'qolgan edi va u XIX asrgacha shu holatda qoldi. Shu sababli, Misr podshohini Muqaddas Injilda zikr etilgan unvonidan boshqacha nom bilan atash kerakligini bilish biz uchun imkonsiz edi.

Dr. Bucaille writes, I must confess that when the Qur’an was first being conveyed to people, the ancient Egyptian language had vanished from the collective memory of humanity for over two centuries and remained that way until the nineteenth century. Therefore, it was impossible for us to know that the king of Egypt should be called anything other than the title mentioned in the Holy Bible.

Qur'on ushbu masala bo'yicha tanlagan so'zlari nozik va fikrga undaydi.434

Ba'zi islom dushmanlari bu tarixni hech qanday ajoyib yoki mo''jiza sifatida ko'rib bo'lmaydi, deb ta'kidlaydilar. Ularning fikricha, Muhammad ﷺ bu rivoyatlarni yo bevosita o'z zamondoshlarining og'zidan o'rgangan, yo hozir yo'qolib ketgan Injil qo'lyozmalaridan o'g'rigan. Payg'ambar ﷺ hayoti davrida unga begona kishilardan ta'lim olganlik ayblovi mavjud bo'lgan, ammo u tez orada yo'qolib ketgan va bugungi kungacha jiddiy Qur'on tanqidchilarining aksariyati bunday bema'ni taklifni keltirishdan qochadi, chunki bu umidsizlik alomatidek ko'rinadi. Birinchidan, bu Muhammad ﷺ xarakterining tarixan shubhasiz halolligiga zid bo'lardi.

Some detractors of Islam argue that none of this history is remarkable, let alone miraculous. They claim Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم either learned these accounts directly from the mouths of his contemporaries or that he plagiarized them from manuscripts of the Bible that have since been lost. The accusation of being spoon-fed by others existed during the Prophet’s صلى الله عليه وسلم life, but it quickly disappeared, and until today most serious Qur’an critics avoid citing such a ludicrous proposition because it appears desperate. First, this would be contrary to the historically indisputable integrity of Muhammad’s character.

Ikkinchidan, Muhammadning ﷺ avvalgi payg‘ambarlar va xalqlar haqidagi bilimi Makkadagi rimlik temirchidan (oddiy odam), yoki tushki payt tasodifan o‘tib ketgan, tekshirib bo‘lmaydigan uchrashuvdan — rohib Bahiraga, yoki o‘lim oldidagi Varaqa ibn Navfal bilan bo‘lgan bitta suhbatdan kelgan degan gaplar shunchaki aqlga sig‘maydigan darajada asossizdir.

Second, the suggestions that Muhammad’s صلى الله عليه وسلم knowledge of previous prophets and nations came from a Roman blacksmith in Mecca (a layman), or from an unverifiable, passing midday encounter with Baḥīrah the Monk, or to a single conversation with a dying Waraqah ibn Nawfal , are simply implausible.

Aqlli odamlar Payg'ambar ﷺ olib kelgan narsaning hajmi va to'g'riligi faqat o'n yillar davomida o'rganish (shogirdlik) orqali erishilishi mumkin bo'lganini tushunadilar, va bunday o'rganishni u yashirishi mumkin emas edi. Alloh Qur'onda shunday deydi: {Ayting: "Agar Alloh xohlaganida, men buni sizlarga tilovat qilmagan bo'lardim va U ham buni sizlarga bildirmagan bo'lardi. Men bundan oldin sizlar orasida umr ko'rganman. Axir aql yuritmaysizlarmi?"} 440 Ikkinchi ayblovga, ya'ni yahudiy va nasroniy olimlarining matnlaridan o'g'irlash ayblovi kelsak, uni faqat kuchli tasdiqlash xatosiga (confirmation bias) ega bo'lgan odamgina jiddiy ko'rishi mumkin, ikki asosiy sababga ko'ra:

Sensible people realize that the bulk and veracity of what the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم brought could only be attained with decades of apprenticeship that would be impossible for him to hide. Allah says in the Qur’an, “Say, ‘If Allah had willed, I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made it known to you, for I had remained among you a lifetime before it. Then will you not reason?’”440 As for the second accusation, that of plagiarism from the texts of Judeo-Christian scholars, only someone with a strong confirmation bias would consider this possibility, for two major reasons: