3.3 Xudoning birligini tiklash
3.3 Restoring The Unity Of God
Oxirgi Payg'ambar ﷺ dunyoga Allohning kimligi, Uning yagonaligi va kamolotiga oid benuqson aniqlikni berish nodir yutuqqa erishdi. Bu aniqlik insonning tabiatiga ham, aqlga ham mos keldi va shu sababli Islomning belgisiga aylandi. U odamlarga Yaratuvchilarini va Unga boradigan yo'lni tushuntirgan sodda va tushunarli ilohiyotni ta'lim berdi, bu ta'limot butun dunyo bo'ylab chaqmoqdek tarqaldi. Islomiy tavhid Arabistonda atigi yigirma yillik da'vatdan so'ng hukmron dinga aylandi, Rim imperiyasi esa aholisining ko'pchiligi nasroniy bo'lishi uchun taxminan uch asr kerak bo'lgani bilan keskin farq qiladi. Bu Muhammad ﷺ o'ziga xos taklif bilan kelganidan dalolat beradi, bu taklif insoniyat qalbiga shunchalik chuqur ta'sir qildiki, ularni eng to'sqinlik qiluvchi ba'zi moyilliklaridan xoli qildi, masalan, madaniyatlar ba'zan davom ettiradigan ko'r-ko'rona taqlid va ko'plab tsivilizatsiyalarda uchragan ajdodlarga sig'inish kabi illatlardan. Muhammad ﷺ zaif dunyo uchun uzoq unutilgan panohgohini, ya'ni Eng Mehribon Yagona Haq Allohga bevosita yaqinlikni ochib berdi. U ﷺ ibodatda faqat Allohni yakka tutish orqali qanoat va rozilik topilishini, faqat Unda ahloqiy yo'nalish to'g'rilanishini anglab yetguncha tinmadi. Haqiqiy Allohga markazlashgan hayot tarzidan tashqarida faqat tartibsizlik mavjud bo'lishi mumkinligini tushunganlar uchun bu Muhammad ﷺ ning yagona yutug'idir. Odamlarning hayotida Allohning birligini tiklash hayotga tartib va ma'no qaytardi, chunki u hayotni maqsadsiz sayohat deb qarashni yo'q qildi. Haqiqiy ilohiyotning zamonaviy davrdagi foydasini ko'rishga qiynalayotganlar esa, g'alayonlarga to'la zamonaviy dunyoda "ruhiy intellekt"ga bo'lgan qiziqishning ortib borayotganini, shuningdek, musulmon mamlakatlarida qotillik va o'z joniga qasd qilish ko'rsatkichlarining sezilarli darajada pastligini o'ylab ko'rishlari kerak.142
The Final Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم accomplished the rare feat of providing the world with impeccable clarity on the identity of God, His oneness, and His perfection. It was a clarity that aligned with both human nature and rationality, and thus became the hallmark of Islam. He taught a simple and intuitive theology that described to people their Creator, and the path to Him, in a way that spread like wildfire across the globe. Islamic monotheism became the religion of Arabia in just twenty years of preaching, in stark contrast to the Roman Empire needing about three centuries to become majority Christian. This attests to Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم coming with a unique proposal, one that struck such a deep chord in humanity that it effectively stripped them of some of their most hindering tendencies— such as the blind conformity that cultures at times perpetuate, and the idolization of ancestors that has occurred in so many civilizations. Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم unearthed for a vulnerable world their long-lost sanctuary; direct access to the One True God, the Most Merciful. He صلى الله عليه وسلم refused to rest until they knew that only through singling God out in devotion would they find contentment and satisfaction, and that only through Him would their moral compasses be set aright. For those who understand that only disorder can exist outside an authentic God-centric lifestyle, this is the singular accomplishment of Muhammad .صلى الله عليه وسلم Restoring the unity of God in people’s lives resulted in restoring order and meaning to life, as it did away with the notion of life being a destination-less journey. And for those who struggle to see the utility of an authentic theology in our age, perhaps they should consider the emerging fascination with “spiritual intelligence” in the turmoil-filled modern world, along with the significantly lower homicide and suicide rates in Muslim countries.142
Alphonse de Lamartine bu borada shunday deydi: "Hech bir inson o‘zi uchun, ixtiyoriy yoki ixtiyorsiz, bundan ulug‘roq maqsad qo‘ygan emas, chunki bu maqsad o‘lchovdan tashqari edi: yaratuvchi bilan yaratilgan o‘rtasiga qo‘yilgan xurofotlarni yo‘q qilish, Xudoni insonga, insonni Xudoga qaytarish, mavjud butparastlikning moddiy va buzilgan xudolari orasidagi bu hukmron tartibsizlik ichida ilohiylikning oqilona va muqaddas g‘oyasini tiklash... Hech bir inson qisqa vaqt ichida dunyoda bunchalik keng va uzoq davom etadigan ulkan inqilobni amalga oshirgan emas, chunki uning bashoratidan ikki asrdan kamroq vaqt o‘tib, Islom va’z qilish va qurol kuchi bilan uch Arabiston ustidan hukmronlik qildi hamda Xudoning birligiga Forsni, Movarounnahrning Xuroson viloyatini, G‘arbiy Hindistonni, Suriyani, Misrni, Habashistonni va butun ma’lum Shimoliy Afrika qit’asini, O‘rta er dengizining ko‘plab orollarini, Ispaniyani va Galliya qismini bo‘ysundirdi."143
Alphonse de Lamartine says on this point, Never has a man proposed for himself, voluntarily or involuntarily, a goal more sublime, since this goal was beyond measure: undermine the superstitions placed between the creature and the Creator, give back God to man and man to God, reinstate the rational and saintly idea of divinity in the midst of this prevailing chaos of material and disfigured gods of idolatry... Never has a man accomplished in such short time such an immense and long-lasting revolution in the world, since less than two centuries after his prediction, Islam, preaching and armed, ruled over three Arabias and conquered to God’s unity Persia, the Khorasan of Transoxania, Western India, Syria, Egypt, Abyssinia, and all the known continent of Northern Africa, many islands of the Mediterranean, Spain, and part of Gaul.143
Edvard Gibbon yana qo'shadi: "Mahometliklar imonlari va ibodatlarining ob'ektini inson sezgilari va tasavvuriga darajasida tushirish vasvasasiga doimo qarshi turdilar. «Men bir Xudoga va Xudoning Elchisi Mahometga ishonaman» — bu Islomning oddiy va o'zgarmas e'tiqodidir. Xudoning aqliy obrazi hech qachon ko'rinadigan but bilan buzilmagan; payg'ambarning ulug'vorligi inson fazilatlari chegarasidan hech qachon oshmagan, uning tirik ta'limotlari esa shogirdlarining minnatdorchiligini aql va din doirasida saqlagan."144
Edward Gibbon adds, The Mahometans have uniformly withstood the temptation of reducing the object of their faith and devotion to a level with the senses and imagination of man. ‘I believe in One God and Mahomet the Apostle of God’ is the simple and invariable profession of Islam. The intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible idol; the honors of the prophet have never transgressed the measure of human virtue, and his living precepts have restrained the gratitude of his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion.144
Tavhidning bu eng sof tasavvuri Payg'ambar Muhammad ﷺ tomonidan singdirilgan: Alloh bilan faqat shaxsiy munosabat, hech qanday vositachi yoki inson aralashuvidan xoli bo'lgan munosabat.
This purest conceptualization of monotheism was inculcated by the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم: a purely personal relationship with God, one void of any intermediary or human interference.
Ushbu qat'iy tavhid barcha erkaklar va ayollarni Alloh huzurida teng o'rinda va Allohga teng kirish huquqi bilan qo'ydi. Bu Islomning egalitar tabiatini shakllantirishga yordam berdi va shunday ijtimoiy qarashni yaratdiki, unda insonning muqaddasligi uning moddiy boyligi yoki ijtimoiy tabaqasi bilan emas, balki taqvodorlik va solih amallari bilan belgilanadi.
This strict monotheism placed all men and women on equal footing before God and with equal access to God. This helped shape the egalitarian nature of Islam, providing a social narrative in which the holiness of men was not evidenced by their material possessions or social class, but rather by their acts of piety and righteousness.
Бундан ташқари, у зот صلى الله عليه وسلم олиб келган таълимот Худо ҳақидаги рақобатдаги ақидаларни тўғрилаб, ягона, изчил яккахудолик дунёқарашини вужудга келтирди (4-бобга қаранг). Ислом ўзига беқиёс жалб қилиш кучини берган айнан шу тушунтириш қудрати эди: у Худо ва борлиқ ҳақидаги мавжудлик саволларига ишонарли жавоб бера олиш қобилияти билан ажралиб турарди. Унинг руҳий жозибасига келсак, у ҳам Ислом одамларнинг онги ва қалбида доимий из қолдиришини таъминлаган асосий кучлардан бири эди. Ахир, Муҳаммад صلى الله عليه وسلم нинг энг буюк мўъжизаси Қуръон бўлиб, у Худонинг инсониятга сўзма-сўз мурожаати сифатида турибди ва дунё охиригача уни ўрганишни танлаган барча кишиларга очиқдир.
Furthermore, the theology he صلى الله عليه وسلم brought corrected competing theologies about God, resulting in one coherent monotheistic worldview (see Chapter 4). This was the explanatory power of Islam which gave it immense appeal: its compelling ability to satisfy existential questions about God and creation. As for its spiritual appeal, that too was a driving force behind its continued imprint on the minds and hearts of people. After all, the greatest miracle of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم was the Qur’an which stands as God’s verbatim address to humanity, available to all who choose to study it until the end of time.
142 Don Soo Chon, "National Religious Affiliation and Integrated Model of Homicide and Suicide," Homicide Studies 21, no. 1 (February 2016); David Lester, "Suicide and Islam," Arch Suicide Res. 10, no. 1 (2006).
142 Don Soo Chon, “National Religious Affiliation and Integrated Model of Homicide and Suicide,” Homicide Studies 21, no. 1 (February 2016); David Lester, “Suicide and Islam,” Arch Suicide Res. 10, no. 1 (2006).
143 Alphonse de Lamartine, Histoire De La Turquie, 1:276-277.
143 Alphonse de Lamartine, Histoire De La Turquie, 1:276-277.
144 Edward Gibbon, The Rise and Fall of the Saracen Empire, 54.
144 Edward Gibbon, The Rise and Fall of the Saracen Empire, 54.