12.4 Haɗin Jiki da Jari - Mudhaaraba
12.4 The Company of Body and Capital - Mudharaba
Wannan ana kiransa Qiradh (Muradi), kuma shi ne haɗin gwiwar jiki da dukiya. Ma'ana, mutum yana ba wani dukiyarsa don ya yi ciniki da ita domin shi, sannan ribar da ta samu a raba tsakaninsu bisa abin da suka sharadanta. Asarar da ke cikin Mudharaba ba ta dogara ga yarjejeniyar abokan haɗin gwiwar ba, sai dai ga abin da ya zo a cikin Shari'a. Shari'a ta ayyana wannan asara da cewa tana kan dukiya kawai, babu wani abu daga cikinta a kan jiki (Mudharib). Ko da mai bayar da jari da mudharib sun yarda cewa ribar da asara za a raba su a tsakaninsu, ribar za ta kasance a tsakaninsu, amma asara tana kan dukiya kawai. Wannan saboda haɗin gwiwar yana kama da wakilci (Wakala), kuma wakili (Wakeel) ba ya ɗaukar garanti. Asara tana kan mai wakilta (Muwakkil) kawai. Wannan kuwa saboda abin da Abdurrazzaq ya ruwaito a cikin Al-Jami'i daga Ali (r.a): "Asara (Al-Wadhi'a) tana kan dukiya, kuma riba tana bisa abin da suka sharadanta." Jiki kuwa ba ya rasa dukiya, yana rasa abin da ya kashe na ƙoƙari kawai, asara kuma tana kasancewa a kan dukiyar. Mudharaba ba za ta inganta ba sai an mika dukiyar ga ma'aikaci ('Amil) aka ba shi cikakken iko a kanta, domin Mudharaba tana buƙatar mika dukiya ga Mudharib. A cikin Mudharaba, rabon ma'aikaci dole ne a bayyana shi, kuma dukiyar da aka yi amfani da ita a yarjejeniyar Mudharaba dole ne ta kasance da adadi bayyananne. Bai halatta mai dukiya ya yi aiki tare da Mudharib ba, koda kuwa ya sharadanta haka. Wannan saboda shi ba shi da hakkin tasarrufi da dukiyar da take ta haɗin gwiwar, a madadin haɗin gwiwar. Mudharib ne yake tasarrufi da aiki, kuma yana da cikakken iko a kan dukiyar. Wannan saboda an kulla yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwar ne a kan jikin Mudharib, da dukiyar abokin haɗin gwiwar. Ba a yin kwangila a kan jikin mai dukiya ba, wanda yake kamar baƙo ga kamfanin, kuma ba shi da hakkin ya yi wani tasarruf a kan abin da yake na kamfanin. Sai dai, Mudharib yana da iyaka a tasarrufinsa ga abin da mai dukiya ya izinta masa. Ba a halatta masa ya saɓa masa ba, domin shi yana tasarruf ne da izini. Idan ya izinta masa ya yi ciniki da ulu kawai, ko ya hana shi jigilar kaya ta teku, to mai dukiya yana da wannan hakkin na takaita shi a waɗannan al'amura. Amma wannan ba yana nufin mai dukiya yana yin tasarruf a cikin kamfanin ba. Maimakon haka, yana nufin Mudharib yana cikin iyakokin da mai dukiya ya ayyana. Duk da haka, tasarruf a cikin kamfanin yana kebanta da mai aiki (Mudharib) kawai, kuma mai dukiya ba shi da hakkin tasarruf.