6 Hanyar Mallaka ta Biyu
6 The Second Means Of Ownership
Wata hanyar mallakar dukiya kuwa ita ce gado, wadda nassin Alkur'ani mai ƙarfi (Qat'i) ya kafa ta, kuma tana da wasu ƙa'idoji na zahiri waɗanda ba sa buƙatar tunani. Ko da yake Alkur'ani ya bayyana cikakkun bayanan gado, waɗannan cikakkun ƙa'idoji jagorori ne na gaba ɗaya. Allah (SWT) ya ce,
Another means of property ownership is inheritance, which is established by the definite (Qat’i) text of the Qur’an, and it has certain literal rules which are not subject to reasoning. Although the Qur’an has stated the details of inheritance, these detailed rules are general guidelines. Allah (swt) says,
"Game da (gādo) ga 'ya'yanku: ga namiji daidai yake da rabon mata biyu, kuma idan sun kasance mata fiye da biyu, to nasu shi ne kashi biyu bisa uku na gādon." [An-Nisa: 11] Muna fahimtar dokoki da dama daga maganarSa. Muna fahimtar cewa ɗan namiji yana ɗaukarninki biyu na abin da ɗan mace take ɗauka. Muna kuma fahimtar cewa ɗan ɗa yana a matsayin ɗa idan babu 'ya'ya (masu rai), domin 'ya'yan ɗa suna shiga cikin kalmar 'ya'ya.' Wannan ya sha bamban da 'ya'yan 'ya, waɗanda ba a bi da su kamar 'ya'yan ɗa ba idan babu 'ya'ya (masu rai), domin 'ya'yan 'ya ba sa shiga cikin kalmar 'ya'ya ta fuskar harshe. Muna kuma fahimtar cewa idan 'ya'yan mata ne, kuma sun kai fiye da biyu, to suna rabon kashi biyu bisa uku na gādon. Annabi ﷺ ya ba mata biyu rabon da yake daidai da na waɗanda suka fi biyu, kuma Sahabbai (ra) sun yi ijma'i a kan haka. Don haka dokar mata biyu ita ce dokar fiye da mata biyu. An fahimci waɗannan dokoki daga ma'anar gaba ɗaya ta ayar. Bisa ga waɗannan dokoki, mai gādo yana cancanta da rabonsa na gādon. Saboda haka, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin mallakar dukiya shi ne gādo bisa ga dokokinsa, waɗanda aka bayyana su dalla-dalla a cikin Alƙur'ani, da Sunnah, da ijma'in Sahabbai (ra).