5.2 Nau'in Aiki - Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Musulunci | Quran Course

5.2 Nau'in Aiki - Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Musulunci | Quran Course

0% read · 2 min left

Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Musulunci Bookmark

This chapter was translated automatically from English and may contain mistakes. Read the original

Show original

5.2 Nau'in Aiki

5.2 The Type of Work

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani2 min readViewed 90 times

Ana halatta mutum ya yi kwangila don aiwatar da duk wani aikin halal. Misalai sun haɗa da yin hayar mutum don kasuwanci, noma, masana'anta (sarrafa kayayyaki), hidima da wakilci. A harkokin shari'a, ana iya yin hayar mutum don isar da amsar mai ƙara ko wanda ake ƙara, tattara shaidu da kai su ga alƙali, neman haƙƙoƙi ko sasanta rigingimu tsakanin mutane. Haka kuma ana iya yin hayar mutum don haƙa rijiyoyi, gini, tuƙin mota da jirgin sama, buga littattafai, kwafin Alƙur'ani, da ɗaukar fasinjoji, da sauran ayyuka halal.

It is permissible to be contracted to undertake every lawful (Halal) form of work. Examples are hiring for the purpose of trading, farming, industry (manufacturing), serving and deputation. In judicial matters one may be hired to convey the response of a claimant or defendant, collect the evidence and deliver it to the judge, claim rights or settle disputes among people. Also one can be hired for drilling wells, building, driving cars and aeroplanes, printing books, copying the Mushaf, and carrying passengers, among other lawful works.

Ɗaukar aiki na iya kasancewa don wani takamaiman aiki, ko kuma don yin aiki na wani irin bayani. Idan an yi kwangilar ɗaukar aiki don wani takamaiman aiki ga wani ma'aikaci, misali idan Khalid ya ɗauki Muhammad ya dinka wata takamaiman riga ko ya tuƙa wata takamaiman mota, to Muhammad ne zai yi aikin kuma ba a yarda da shi ko kaɗan ya ba wani mutum izinin yin aikin a madadinsa ba. Idan Muhammad ya yi rashin lafiya ko ya zama ba zai iya yin aikin ba, ba a yarda kowane mutum ya yi shi a maimakon sa ba, domin an riga an ƙayyade ma'aikacin. Idan takamaiman rigar ta lalace ko kuma motar da aka ƙayyade ta lalace, Muhammad ba zai wajaba ya yi aiki a kan wani abu banda waɗannan biyun ba, domin an ƙayyade irin aikin.

Ba zai halatta ga mutum ya dauki ma'aikata a kan sharadin cewa zai karbi wani yanki daga albashinsu, ko kuma ya nada kansa mai kula da su a madadin wani yanki daga albashinsu ba. Wannan saboda zai kasance ya kwace wani yanki daga albashin da aka tanadar musu. Abu Dawud ya ruwaito daga Abu Sa'id al-Khudri cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Ku kiyayi raba-rabi." Suka ce: "Ya Manzon Allah, menene raba-rabi?" Ya ce: "Wani abu da mutane suka yarda a kansa, amma sai a rage wani yanki daga cikinsa." A wata riwayar daga Ata'a, Annabi ﷺ ya ce: "Shi ne mutum ya kasance yana da iko a kan wata jama'a, sai ya karbi wani yanki daga rabonsu." Saboda haka, idan wani dan kwangila ya yi yarjejeniya da wani mutum cewa zai kawo masa ma'aikata dari a kan dinari daya kowace rana, sannan ya ba kowannensu kasa da dinari daya, to hakan ba zai halatta ba. Adadin da aka yi kwangila a kansa ana daukar shi a matsayin albashi ƙayyadadde ga kowannensu. Idan ya rage daga cikinsa, to zai kasance ya dauki hakkokinsu. Amma idan an yi kwangilar kawo ma'aikata dari ba tare da ambaton albashinsu ba, to mutumin yana da izinin ya ba su kasa da adadin da aka yi kwangila a kansa, saboda ba zai kasance ya rage albashin da aka tanadar musu ba.

For a person to hire workers on condition that He takes a part of their wages, or appoints himself as a supervisor over them in return for a part of their wages, is not allowed. This is because He would have then usurped a part of the wages assigned to them. Abu Dawud narrated from Abu S’aid al-Khudri that the Prophet (pbuh) (pbuh) said: “Beware of the apportionment. “We said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, what is the apportionment?’ He said: “A thing agreed among people, but a part is reduced of it.’” In another narration from Ataa, the Prophet (pbuh) (pbuh) said: “That a person is in control over a group of people so He takes from their shares.” So if a contractor made an agreement with a person so as to bring Him one hundred workers each for one dinar a day, and He gave each of them less than one dinar, this would not be allowed. The amount which He contracted for, is considered a defined wage for every one of them. If He deducted from it He would have taken from their rights. If however, He was contracted to bring one hundred workers without mentioning their wages, then the person is allowed to give them less than the contracted amount because He would have not reduced their assigned wages.

Haka kuma yana daga cikin sharuddan haya cewa a bayyana irin aikin ta hanyar da za ta zama sananne, don haya ta tabbata a kan abu sananne. Wannan saboda hayar aiki wanda ba a san shi ba ba ta inganta. Saboda haka, idan mutum ya ce wa ma'aikaci cewa an ɗauke shi haya don ɗaukar wasu akwatunan kaya na musamman zuwa Masar a kan dinari goma, to hayar tana inganta (halal ce). Haka kuma tana inganta idan ya ce an ɗauke shi haya don ɗauke su a kan dinari ɗaya ga kowace tan, ko kuma idan an ɗauke shi haya don ɗauke su, tan ɗaya a kan dinari ɗaya, kuma duk abin da ya wuce haka za a lissafa shi. Wannan zai inganta muddin an yi amfani da kalmomin da ke nuna cewa ya kamata ya ɗauke su duka. Amma idan ya ce ya ɗauke su, tan ɗaya a kan dinari ɗaya, kuma abin da ya wuce za a lissafa shi bisa haka, wato duk abin da aka ɗauka na sauran, to wannan ba ya inganta, domin wani ɓangare na abin da aka yi yarjejeniya a kansa ba a san shi ba. Sai dai idan ya nemi ya ɗauke kowace tan a kan dinari ɗaya, to wannan yana inganta, kamar yadda idan an ɗauke shi haya don ya zubo masa ruwa, kowace mita a kan kobo ɗaya, wanda hakan ya halatta. Don haka sharadi ne cewa haya ta kasance a kan abu sananne. Idan kuwa jahilci ya shiga cikinta, to haya ta zama mara inganci.

It is also a condition to define the type of work in such a manner that it becomes known, so that hiring is concluded over a known thing. This is because hiring for unknown work is invalid. So if a person told a worker that He had been hired to carry some particular boxes of goods to Egypt for ten dinars, then the hiring is valid (lawful). It is valid also if He said He had been hired to carry them for one dinar per ton, or if He had been hired to carry them, one ton for one dinar, and anything over that would be calculated. This will be valid as long as He used words that indicated that He should carry them all. But if He said to carry them, one ton for one dinar, and whatever is extra is to be calculated accordingly, meaning whatever extra was carried of the remaining ones, this is not valid, because some of the contracted matter is unknown. However, if He asked Him to carry every ton for one dinar, this is valid, just as if He had hired Him to draw for Him water, every metre for one pence, which is allowed. So it is a condition that hiring be about a known thing. If however ignorance is involved, the hiring becomes invalid.