24.1 Ma'aunin Zinariya
24.1 The Gold Standard
Wata Ƙasa za ta kasance tana bin tsarin ma'aunin zinariya idan tana amfani da kuɗin zinariya a cikin ciniki na cikin gida da na waje, ko kuma idan tana amfani a cikin gida da takardar kuɗi wacce za a iya musanya ta da zinariya. Wannan takardar kuɗi za ta iya zama don amfanin cikin gida da kuma biyan kuɗi a ƙasashen waje, ko kuma don biyan kuɗi a ƙasashen waje kawai, bisa sharaɗin cewa wannan musayar tana da ƙayyadadden farashi. A takaice dai, ƙasar za ta ci gaba da bin tsarin ma'aunin zinariya muddin ana iya musanya rukunin takardar kuɗi da wani takamaiman adadin zinariya, a ƙayyadadden farashi, kuma akasin haka. A wannan yanayi, zai zama abin da ake tsammani cewa darajar kuɗin ƙasar za ta ci gaba da kasancewa daidai da darajar zinariya. Saboda haka, idan darajar zinariya ta tashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayayyaki, darajar kuɗin ƙasar idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayayyaki ma za ta tashi. Idan darajar kayayyaki ta ragu idan aka kwatanta da kayayyaki, darajar kuɗin ma za ta ragu.
A State would be following the gold standard if it used gold currency in its foreign and domestic transactions, or if it used domestically a paper money which could be exchanged for gold. This paper money could either be for domestic use and for making payments abroad or solely for making payments abroad, on condition that this exchange for has a fixed price. In other words, it would still be following the gold standard on condition that the paper unit can be exchanged for a specific quantity of gold, at a fixed price and vice-versa. It would be natural in this case for the value of the currency in the country to remain solidly linked to the value of gold. Therefore, if the value of gold rose in comparison with other commodities, the value of the currency in comparison with other commodities would rise as well. If the value of goods decreased in comparison with commodities, the value of the currency would also decrease.
Kuɗin da aka dogara da zinariya yana da wata siffa ta musamman, wacce ke bayyana a cikin cewa ɓangaren kuɗi yana da alaƙa da zinariya a adadi ƙayyadadde. Wato, bisa doka, zai ƙunshi takamaiman nauyin zinariya. Shigo da fitar da zinariya za a yi shi cikin 'yanci, kuma mutane za su iya samun kuɗaɗe, zinariya a sandunanta, ko ƙurar zinariya cikin 'yanci, su kuma iya fitar da su waje.
Money based on gold has a special characteristic, reflected in the fact that the monetary unit is linked to gold in a specific amount. In other words it would, by law, consist of a specific weight of gold. The import and export of gold would be freely conducted, and people would be able to freely acquire currencies, gold bullion, or gold dust and be able to export them.
Tunda zinariya za ta iya motsawa cikin 'yanci tsakanin ƙasashe daban-daban, kowane mutum yana da zaɓi na ko dai ya sayi kuɗin ƙasashen waje, ko ya mayar da zinariya (watau ya daidaita hisabi da ita); sai dai mutum zai zaɓi hanya mafi arha. Saboda haka, tunda zinariya da kuɗin jigilarta za su fi tsada fiye da farashin kuɗin ƙasashen waje a kasuwa, to zai zama hikima a yi amfani da kuɗin ƙasashen waje maimakon haka. Amma idan adadin musayar ya wuce wannan adadi, to zai fi kyau a fitar da zinariya daga cikin yawo a daidaita hisabi da ita.
Since gold in this instance would move freely between various countries, every person has the choice of either buying foreign currency, or transferring (i.e. settling in) gold; a person would however opt for the cheaper method. Therefore, since gold and the cost of its transfer would cost more than the price of the foreign currencies in the market, it would then be sensible to use foreign currency instead. However, if the exchange rate exceed that figure, it would be best to take the gold out of circulation and settle with it.