Kamfanin hadin gwiwa wani nau'i ne na kamfani mai hannun jari. Ko da an kira shi da sunan hadin gwiwa, kamfani ne. Yana nufin shiga tare tsakanin wani rukuni na mutane da suka amince da juna su haɗa kai bisa ga ayyukansu na kowane ɗaya.

A Co-operative is one kind of share stock company. It is a company even if called a Co-operative. It means participation between a group of people who agree amongst themselves to associate according to their individual activities.

Kungiyar haɗin kai (Co-operative) tana samo asali ne daga tsarin cinikayya da aka saba, wanda manufarsa ita ce taimakon membobinta ko tabbatar da muradunsu na tattalin arziki da aka ayyana. Saboda haka, Co-operative jiki ne na kamfani dangane da haƙƙoƙi da nauyi, duk da cewa ya bambanta da sauran Co-operatives waɗanda ba su da manufar tattalin arziki. Co-operative yana aiki don ƙara riba ga membobinsa, ba muradun wasu ba, wani al'amari da ke buƙatar kafa dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin ayyukan tattalin arzikinsa da ayyukan tattalin arziki (watau kasuwanci) na kowane ɗaya daga cikin membobinsa.

The Co-operative originates in the usual trading form aiming to help its members or to secure their defined economical interests. Thus the Cooperative is a corporate body regarding rights and duties, although it differs from the other Co-operatives which are not economically oriented. The Co-operative works to increase the profit of its members, not the interests of others, a matter that requires establishing a strong linkage between its economic activity and the economic activity (i.e. business) of each of its members.

An Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai (Co-operative) ana kafa ta tsakanin mambobi da yawansu ya kai bakwai ko fiye, ko kuma kaɗan kamar uku, amma ba zai zama ƙasa da haka ba. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin kai na iya zama nau'i biyu: Na farko shi ne kamfani mai hannun jari da aka kafa, inda duk wani mutum a cikin kamfanin zai iya zama abokin hulɗa ta hanyar samun hannun jari. Na biyu shi ne kamfani mai rashin hannun jari da aka kafa, inda shiga kamfanin ake yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin shekara-shekara da aka ƙayyade a babban taron shekara-shekara.

A Co-operative is formed between as many as seven or more members or as few as three, but cannot be less than that. Co-operatives may be of two types: One is a company with established shares where any person in the company may be considered a partner by virtue of acquiring shares. The second is a company with no established shares, where joining the company is achieved through paying an annual fee decided at the annual general meeting.

Dole ne a cika sharuɗɗa biyar a cikin Haɗin Kai:

Five conditions must be fulfilled in the Co-operative:

Na farko: 'Yancin shiga Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai. Rajistar shiga a buɗe take ga kowa, bisa ga sharuɗɗa iri ɗaya da suka shafi membobin da suka gabace su. Inda dokoki, iyakoki da takurawa na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai ke aiki a kan sababbin membobi, ko dokokin nan na yanki ne kamar na mutanen ƙauye, ko kuma na sana'a ne kamar na masu aski (masu gyaran gashi), misali.

Firstly: Freedom of joining the Co-operative. Subscription stays open for everybody, according to the same conditions that applied for preceding members.Where the Co-operative laws, limits and reservations are applied on the new members, whether these laws were of a local nature like those for the people of a village, or they were of professional nature like those for Barbers (Hairdressers) as an example.

Na biyu: Mambobin ƙungiyar haɗin kai suna da haƙƙoƙi daidai, musamman haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a, don haka kowane memba yana da ƙuri'a ɗaya.

Secondly: Co-operative members have equal rights, particularly the right of voting, thus every member is given one vote.

Na uku: An ware riba ta musamman ga hannun jari. Kamfanin hadin gwiwa yana biyan masu hannun jari na dindindin wata riba da aka ƙayyade, muddin ribar kamfanin ta ba da dama.

Thirdly: A specified profit is assigned for the shares. The Co-operative pays to its permanent shareholders a certain profit, provided the profits of the company allow.

Na huɗu: Ana mayar da ribar da ta wuce kima ta jarin, inda ake raba ribar tsafta ga mambobi gwargwadon mu'amalar da suka yi da Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai, kamar sayayya ko amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa da wuraren Ƙungiyar.

Fourthly: The surplus profits of the investment are repaid, where the net profits are distributed amongst the members in proportion to the transactions they carried out with the Co-operative, such as purchases or use of the utilities and facilities of the Co-operative.

Na biyar: Dole ne a kafa asusun haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar ƙara kuɗaɗen ajiya a cikinsa.

Fifthly: A Co-operative fund must be formed by crediting the reserve funds.

Hukumar da ke tafiyar da Kungiyar Haɗin Kai ta hanyar gudanarwarta, kuma take aiwatar da ayyukanta, ita ce kwamitin daraktoci da aka zaɓa a taron shekara-shekara na gama-gari, kuma aka kafa shi daga cikin masu hannun jari, inda kowane mai hannun jari yake da kuri'a ba tare da la'akari da adadin hannun jarinsa ba. Don haka wanda yake da hannun jari ɗari ba ya bambanta da mai hannun jari ɗaya, kuma kowannensu yana da kuri'a ɗaya wajen zaɓen daraktoci.

The authority which runs the Co-operative through its management and carries out its activity is the board of directors elected at the annual general meeting and formed from the shareholders, where every shareholder has a vote irrespective of the number of his shares. So one with one hundred shares is no different from a shareholder with one share, and each of them has one vote in electing the directors.

Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa suna da nau'o'i da dama, kamar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar sana'o'i, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar masu sayayya, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar noma, da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar samarwa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, baki ɗaya, ko dai ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar masu sayayya ne, inda ake raba riba bisa ga sayayyar kowa, ko kuma ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar samarwa, inda ake raba riba bisa ga samarwar kowa.

Co-operatives are of many kinds, like professional Co-operatives, the consumer Co-operatives, agricultural Co-operatives, and production Cooperatives. These Co-operatives, as a whole, are either consumer Cooperatives, where profits are divided according to purchases, or production Co-operatives, where the profit is divided according to the production.

Wannan yana bayyana Cooperatives (ƙungiyoyin haɗin kai), waɗanda ba su inganta ba kuma sun saɓa wa dokokin Musulunci bisa ga abubuwan da ke biye:

This describes the Co-operatives, which are invalid and contradict the rules of Islam according to the following:

1. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa kamfani ce, don haka dole ta cika sharuɗɗan kamfani kamar yadda Shari'a ta bayyana, domin ta zama halal. Kamfani a Musulunci yarjejeniya ce tsakanin mutum biyu ko fiye, inda suka amince su gudanar da wani aikin tattalin arziki don neman riba. Saboda haka, dole ne akwai jiki wanda ayyukan kamfanin za su gudana ta hannun abokan hulɗa. A takaice, kamfani dole ne ya ƙunshi jiki (abokin hulɗa) wanda ke da hannun jari a cikinsa, don ya zama doka. Don haka idan babu wani abokin hulɗa a cikin kamfani wanda ke da hannun jari a cikinsa kuma yana gudanar da aikin da aka kafa kamfanin domin shi, to babu kamfani. Idan muka yi amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa a kan ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, mun ga cewa ba kamfanoni ne halastattu bisa doka ba, domin an gina su ne a kan dukiya (jari) kawai. Ba a gina su a kan yarjejeniyar aiki ba; yarjejeniyar ita ce samar da jari da kafa gudanarwar da za ta tafiyar da harkokinsu (aikinsu). Saboda haka, mutanen da suka shiga kamfanin suna haɗuwa ne kawai ta hanyar dukiyarsu (jari); don haka kamfanin ba shi da jiki. Bisa haka, ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ba ta zama kamfani halastacce ba, domin ba ta ƙunshi jiki ba. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin wadda ba ta wanzu tun farko, domin kamfani yarjejeniya ce ta sarrafa jari, kuma wannan aiki yana bukatar jiki. Idan kamfani ba shi da jiki, to daga mahangar Shari'a ba zai zama kamfani ba.

1. The Co-operative is a company, so it should fulfil the conditions of a company as stated by the Shar’a in order to be valid. The company in Islam is a contract between two or more persons, in which they agree to run an economic project for the purpose of achieving a profit. Therefore, there must be a body so that the activity of the company is carried out by partners. In other words, the company should include a body (partner) who has a share in the company to be legal. Thus if there did not exist a partner in the company who has shares in it and additionally runs the work which the company was established for, then no company exists. If we apply these conditions to Co-operatives we find that they are not legally valid companies, because they are built upon property (capital) only. They are not based on an agreement to carry out work; the agreement is to provide capital and establish a management that will run its activities (work). Therefore, the people who subscribed to the company only associate together via their properties (capital); thus the company does not have a body. Accordingly, the Co-operative does not represent a legal company, as it does not include a body. It is considered non-existent in the first instance as the company is a contract to manage capital, and this action requires a body. When a company has no body, it fails to be a company from the Shar’a point of view.

2. Haka kuma, raba riba bisa ga sayayya ko bisa ga yawan samarwa, maimakon bisa ga jari ko bisa ga aiki, ba a yarda da shi ba. Idan an kulla kamfanin bisa jari, to ribar za a ƙayyade ta ta hanyar jari, kuma idan an kulla shi bisa aiki, to ita ma za a ƙayyade ta ta hanyar aiki. Don haka riba tana bin ko dai jari ko aiki, ko kuma duka biyun. Amma sharadin raba riba bisa sayayya ko bisa samarwa ba a yarda da shi ba, domin hakan yana sabawa kwangila a fahimtar Shari'a. Duk sharadin da ya sabawa abin da kwangila ke buƙata, ko kuma bai amfani kwangilar ba, sharaɗi ne maras inganci (Fasid). Raba riba bisa sayayya ko bisa samarwa yana sabawa abin da kwangila ke buƙata, domin kwangila a fahimtar Shari'a tana shafar dukiya (jari) ko aiki, don haka riba ya kamata ta yi daidai da jari ko aiki. Idan aka sharɗanta ta bisa sayayya, ko samarwa, to sharaɗin zai zama maras inganci (Fasid).

2. Furthermore, distributing profits proportional to purchases or according to production, rather than relative to the capital or relative to the work is not allowed. If the company was concluded on the basis of capital then the profit should be determined by the capital, and if it was concluded on the basis of work it should also be determined by work. So the profit follows either the capital or the work, or both of them. But to stipulate the distribution of the profit according to purchases or according to production is not allowed, because this contradicts the contract in the opinion of the Shar’a. And every condition that contradicts what is required by the contract or it is not for the interest of the contract, is an invalid condition (Fasid). Distributing the profit according to purchases or according to the production contradicts what is required by the contract, because the contract in the view of the Shar’a, applies upon the property (capital) or the work, so the profit should be in proportion with the capital or the work. If it is stipulated according to purchases, or the production, it would be an invalid (Fasid) condition.