4 Permulaan Dakwah
4 The Launching of the Da’wah
Seruan Islam telah diketahui sejak hari pertama Rasulullah ﷺ menerima wahyu. Penduduk Makkah sudah sedar sepanjang masa bahawa Muhammad ﷺ menyeru kepada agama baharu, dan bahawa ramai orang telah memeluk Islam. Mereka juga tahu bahawa Muhammad ﷺ mengumpulkan para sahabatnya dan menjaga mereka, serta bahawa orang Islam menyembunyikan diri daripada seluruh kaum Quraisy yang lain ketika mereka berhimpun dan mempelajari agama baharu mereka.
The Islamic call was known from the first day the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) recieved the message. People in Makkah had known all along that Muhammad (pbuh) was calling for a new Deen, and that scores of people had embraced Islam. They also knew that Muhammad (pbuh) was gathering his companions and looking after them, and that the Muslims concealed themselves from the rest of the Quraysh while they grouped together and learned about their new Deen.
Penduduk Makkah sedar akan seruan baharu ini dan orang-orang yang beriman dengannya, tetapi mereka tidak tahu di mana mereka bertemu mahupun siapa mereka. Oleh itu, apabila Rasulullah ﷺ mengumumkan kepercayaan barunya, ia bukanlah sesuatu yang mengejutkan. Yang mengejutkan Makkah ialah kemunculan kumpulan Muslim baharu ini. Kaum Muslimin telah memperoleh kekuatan yang besar apabila Hamzah bin ‘Abd al-Muttalib memeluk Islam, diikuti oleh ‘Umar bin al-Khattab tiga hari kemudian. Kemudian turunlah wahyu daripada Allah (SWT),
People in Makkah were aware of this new call and of those who believed in it, but they never knew where they met nor who they were. That is why when the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) proclaimed his new belief, it did not come as a surprise. What surprised Makkah was the emergence of this new group of Muslims. The Muslims had gained a great deal of strength when Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib embraced Islam, followed by ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab three days later. Then came the revelation of Allah (swt),
Oleh itu, sampaikanlah secara terbuka (Mesej Allah) itu, apa yang diperintahkan kepadamu, dan berpalinglah daripada "Al-Musyrikun". Sesungguhnya! Kami akan mencukupkanmu terhadap orang-orang yang mengejek. Mereka yang menyekutukan Allah dengan tuhan yang lain, mereka kelak akan mengetahui" [Al-Hijr, 15: 94-96].
“Therefore, proclaim openly (Allah’s Message), that which you are commanded, and turn away from “Al-Mushrikun”: Truly! We will suffice you against the scoffers. Who set up along with Allah another god, they will come to know” [Al-Hijr, 15: 94-96].
Rasulullah ﷺ melaksanakan perintah Allah dengan patuh dan menampilkan kumpulannya di hadapan seluruh penduduk Makkah. Baginda ﷺ keluar bersama para Sahabatnya dalam dua barisan, satu dipimpin oleh 'Umar dan yang satu lagi dipimpin oleh Hamzah. Para Sahabat berjalan dengan cara yang belum pernah disaksikan oleh kaum Quraisy sebelum ini. Kemudian Baginda ﷺ melakukan tawaf di Ka'bah bersama mereka.
Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) duly obeyed Allah’s command and presented his group to all of Makkah. He (pbuh) went out with his Sahabah in two lines, one led by ‘Umar and the other by Hamzah. The Sahabah walked in a manner that the Quraysh had never witnessed before. He (pbuh) then circumambulated the Ka’bah with them.
Inilah peringkat ketika Rasulullah ﷺ bersama para Sahabatnya berpindah dari fasa rahsia kepada fasa terbuka, dari menyeru dan mengajak serta menyampaikan kepada mereka yang baginda rasa telah bersedia untuk menyahut seruannya, kepada menyeru semua manusia. Dakwah kemudian mengambil bentuk baharu: pertembungan antara iman dan kufur di dalam masyarakat pun bermula, interaksi antara konsep-konsep yang benar dengan yang rosak pun bermula, lalu memulakan fasa kedua dakwah, iaitu fasa interaksi dan perjuangan.
This is the stage when Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) moved with his Sahabah from the secret phase to the open one, from calling and addressing and inviting those whom he felt were ready to answer his call, to addressing all people. The Da’wah then took a new turn, the clash between Iman and Kufr in society began, the interaction between the right concepts and the rotten ones began, setting off therefore the second phase of the Da’wah, i.e. the phase of interaction and struggle.
Orang-orang kafir mula menentang dan memerangi Da'wah, dengan melakukan pelbagai bentuk kezaliman dan kecederaan terhadap Rasulullah ﷺ dan para Sahabatnya. Fasa ini antara yang paling dahsyat. Rumah Rasulullah ﷺ dilempari batu, dan Ummu Jamil, isteri Abu Lahab, biasa membuang kotoran di hadapan rumah baginda. Baginda ﷺ hanya membiarkannya atau membersihkannya. Pada suatu ketika, Abu Jahl melemparkan rahim kambing, yang disembelih sebagai korban untuk berhala, ke arah Rasulullah ﷺ. Baginda ﷺ menanggung semua itu dengan sabar, dan baginda ﷺ akan pergi ke rumah puterinya Fatimah supaya dia dapat membersihkan baginda. Hal ini justeru menguatkan tekad Rasulullah ﷺ dan menambahkan semangat baginda terhadap seruan Islam.
The disbelievers began resisting and fighting the Da’wah, inflicting in the process all kinds of harm and injury on the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and his Sahabah. This phase was one of the most severest. The house of Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) was stoned and Umm Jamil, wife of Abu Lahab, used to throw impurities outside his home. He (pbuh) just ignored or removed them. Abu Jahl once threw a goat’s uterus, slaughtered as a sacrifice to the idols, at Allah’s Messenger (pbuh). He (pbuh) bore it all, and would go to his daughter Fatimah’s house so that she could clean him up. This only strengthened Allah’s Messenger’s (pbuh) resolve and made him more eager towards the Islamic call.
Orang-orang Islam diancam dan disakiti. Setiap kabilah mengambil tindakan sendiri untuk menyeksa dan menganiaya anggota kabilahnya yang beragama Islam. Dalam satu peristiwa, seorang lelaki membiarkan hambanya, Bilal, di atas pasir yang membara dan meletakkan batu berat di atas dadanya, semata-mata kerana dia tetap berpegang kepada Islam. Bilal dengan tegas mengucapkan kalimah ‘Ahad! ‘Ahad! (Yang Esa, Yang Esa) dan menanggung semua penderitaan itu demi Tuhannya. Seorang wanita meninggal dunia selepas diseksa, semata-mata kerana dia enggan meninggalkan kepercayaan barunya dan kembali kepada agama nenek moyangnya.
The Muslims were threatened and hurt, every tribe took it upon itself to torture and persecute its Muslim tribesmen. In one incident, one person left his slave Bilal on the burning sand and placed a heavy rock upon his chest simply because he insisted on Islam. Bilal defiantly uttered the words ‘Ahad! ‘Ahad! (the One, the One) and endured all this suffering for the sake of his Lord. One woman died after being subjected to torture, simply because she would not renounce her new belief and return to the faith of her forefathers.
Orang-orang Islam menanggung penderitaan, penyeksaan, penghinaan dan kekurangan dengan hanya satu tujuan dalam fikiran mereka, iaitu mencari keredaan Allah (SWT).
The Muslims endured the suffering, torture, humiliation and deprivation with only one aim in mind, seeking to please Allah (swt).