这是一种纯粹之爱的亲密友谊,其特点是心中只有所爱之人,再无容纳他人的位置。这种地位不接受任何形式的分享。这一地位对于安拉的两位密友——易卜拉欣~\和穆罕默德~'——而言尤为特殊,正如先知ﷺ所说:"安拉已经选我为密友,正如祂曾选易卜拉欣为密友。"3 先知ﷺ还说:"如果我要选一位密友,我会选择艾布·伯克尔,但他是我的兄弟和伊斯兰中的同伴。"他ﷺ又说:"我对任何人的亲密友谊都不承担责任(除了对安拉的爱)。"4 当易卜拉欣~\在高龄时向主祈求子嗣,他得到了以斯马仪~\。易卜拉欣的心完全沉浸于对新生儿的爱,于是安拉~想要考验易卜拉欣,看看他们之间的亲密友谊是否因新生儿的降临而受到影响——尽管祂~是知晓一切可见与不可见之事的主。于是祂~在梦中命令易卜拉欣宰杀他的儿子。这是一道来自天启的命令,以真实的异象降临,成为易卜拉欣~\的一次重大考验。其目的并非真的宰杀儿子,而是宰去他心中对儿子过度的爱,使他的心完全专注于安拉~。当易卜拉欣~\着手宰杀儿子,将对安拉的爱置于对儿子的爱之前时,预定的使命已经达成,于是安拉~以一只绵羊作为伟大的牺牲,赎回了这个儿子。 有些人误以为爱可以比亲密友谊(Khullah)更为完美,并认为易卜拉欣~\是安拉的密友,而穆罕默德则只是安拉亲爱和所爱的人。"爱"一词具有普遍的含义,而"Khullah"则更为具体;Al-Khullah是真诚之爱的终点和结果。先知ﷺ已告知,安拉~曾选他和易卜拉欣为祂的两位密友。 他否认自己除了他的主之外还有任何“海利勒”（挚友），同时宣布了他对‘A'isha、她的父亲艾布·伯克尔、欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜以及其他人的爱。真主也宣布了祂对祂的正直仆人的爱，祂说：{真主喜爱悔罪归向祂的人，喜爱洁净自己的人}⁵（{真主确实喜爱悔罪归向祂的人，也喜爱洁净自己的人}）⁵ {真主喜爱坚忍的人}⁶ {真主喜爱行善的人}⁷ {真主确实喜爱公正行事的人}。8

This is intimate friendship, characterised by perfect love, belonging to a heart which has no place for others besides his/her beloved one. It is a position which does not accept sharing, of any kind. This position is special for the khalilan (two intimate friends) of Allah ~ : Ibrahim ~\ and Muhammad ~' as the Prophet~ said: "Allah has taken me as a khalil, just as he had taken Ibrahim as a khalil. " 3 The Prophet ~ also said: "If I were to take a khalil, I would have taken Abu Bakr, but he is my brother and my companion in Islam." He ~ also said: "I am innocent from any khalil for his intimate friendship, (besides his love of Allah ~)"4 When Ibrahim ~\ asked his Lord for a child, even at an advanced age, he was given Isma' il ~\. The heart of Ibrahim was besotted with love for his new child, so Allah ~ wanted to test Ibrahim and see - while He ~ is the All- Knower of everything, seen and unseen - if the intimate friendship between them had been affected by the arrival of the new child; so He ~ ordered Ibrahim, in a dream, to slaughter his son. It was a divine Command, coming as a real vision, which became a great test for Ibrahim ~\. The aim was not to slaughter his son, in reality, but to slaughter the excessive love that Ibrahim had for his son in his heart, so that his heart would stay fully devoted to Allah ~- When Ibrahim ~\ set about slaughtering his son, placing the love for Allah before of the love for his son, the intended mission had been achieved and so Allah ~ ransomed the son for the great sacrifice ( of a sheep). Some people are wrong when they think that love could be more perfect than Khullah ( intimate friendship), and that Ibrahim ~ \ was a Khalil of Allah, while Muhammad was a dear and beloved one of Allah. The term "love" has a general context, while "Khullah" is more specific; Al- Khullah is the end and outcome of sincere love. The Prophet ~ has informed that Allah ~ had taken him and Ibrahim as His two Khalils. He~ denied that he had any khalil besides his Lord, while at the same time declaring his love for ' Aishah, for her father Abu Bakr, for 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, and others. Allah ~ also declares His love for His righteous people, saymg: (Truly, Allah loves those who turn to Him in repentance, and loves those who purify themselves)5 (Allah loves the Patient)6 (Allah loves the good-doers)7 ( Verily, Allah loves those who act justly.)8

人们是否去做某件事，取决于从中所获得的益处，或在消除痛苦之后所带来的舒缓。这种选择，有理智的人如此，动物也如此。然而，许多人在只想着获得满足时，严重地亏待了自己，哪怕这种满足之后随之而来的是巨大的痛苦。这便是短视之人的情形；他们只考虑眼前的满足，而无视将来的种种恶果。最有理智的人，是宁愿选择持久、安宁的心境，也不愿选择今世短暂、转瞬即逝的享受之人。愚蠢的人，则是用永恒的恩赐、美好而长久的生活以及完全的满足，去换取短暂而易逝的享受，而这些享受之中掺杂着苦难、恐惧与忧虑。真正获得满足的唯一途径，是在每一件行为中转向独一的安拉，寻求祂的喜悦。如此一来，若一个人在今世有所失去，他便确实获得了在后世获得平安的重大机会，这机会不可错过；而若他在今世没有失去任何东西，同时始终顺服安拉，那么他便同时获得了今世与后世的两种满足。这便是通往幸福的道路，而成功来自安拉。

The choice as to whether or not to do an act is based on the benefit that is achieved from it, or the relief it produces after the removal of pain. This choice has been taken by reasonable people as well as animals. However, many people wrong themselves badly when they only think of achieving satisfaction, even if it is subsequently followed by a great suffering. This is the case of short-sighted people; those who think only of satisfaction in the present and ignore any bad consequences in the future. The most reasonable person is one who prefers a lasting, peaceful state of mind to the ephemeral , short-lived satisfactions of life. A foolish person is one who exchanges Eternal Blessings, a good, lasting life and perfect satisfaction for brief and fading satisfaction, troubled with sufferings, fears and anxieties . The only way to achieve real satisfaction is to tum to Allah ~ ' Alone, and seek His Pleasure, in every action. In this way, if a person had missed out on anything in this world, he/she would indeed have earned his/her great chance, which cannot be missed, of achieving Peace in the Hereafter; and if he/she had not missed anything in this world, while remaining in total obedience to Allah ~, then he/she would have achieved both satisfactions, in this world and the Hereafter. This is the way to one's happiness, with Success from Allah ~ .

爱是一切活动的基础,无论是在真理还是虚妄之中;而一切伊斯兰活动的基础,就是对安拉~和祂的使者~怀有爱。正如启示(《古兰经》和圣训)的基础是信仰安拉和祂的使者。任何阻碍对安拉和祂的使者之爱臻于完美、与这份爱相互竞争的情感,确实与信仰的根基相悖,并削弱其根基。若这种情感发展到与对安拉的爱或对启示的信仰相对立的程度,它便成为一种否定信仰的多神崇拜形式。若它未与之对立,则会损害信仰可信赖的完善。因此,伊斯兰中真正的友谊,只有通过向安拉的敌人表明敌意才能实现——安拉~说,易卜拉欣:%§1 质问他的族人:(你们观察你们和你们古代的祖先所崇拜的吗?它们确是我的敌人,唯有万世的主除外。)1 易卜拉欣,安拉的挚友(Khalil),直到他宣布与族人中崇拜安拉以外神明的人断绝关系,才建立起与安拉真正亲密的友谊。除为安拉而结的友谊外,别无友谊;除非宣布与一切安拉以外被崇拜之物划清界限,否则也无友谊可言。因为安拉~说:(在易卜拉欣和与他同在的人身上,你们有一个优美的榜样,当时他们对族人说:"我们与你们以及你们舍安拉而崇拜的一切断绝关系,我们拒绝你们。从此，直到你们只信仰安拉独一,我们与你们之间便有了敌意和憎恨。")2 祂~又说:(当时易卜拉欣对他的父亲和族人说:"我与你们所崇拜的确无关系,唯独崇拜那创造我的主,祂必引导我。"他把这句话作为一个永存的言辞留在他的后裔中,使他们可以归向安拉。)3 即 他以对安拉的爱为缘由建立友谊，并以摆脱一切被崇拜于安拉之外的事物为缘由，将其作为一个永恒的“言辞”，由众先知及其之后的追随者继承。这个“言辞”就是信仰的见证：（la ilaha illallah——除安拉外，绝无应受崇拜者，唯独安拉）。天地与宗教皆依此“言辞”而确立。正是为了这一“言辞”，克尔白（Qiblah）的朝向得以确定，圣战的剑得以举起。它是保护一个人在穆斯林土地上的血液与财产的“言辞”，并能使人免于坟墓中的刑罚。没有它，无人能进入天堂；它是伊斯兰的言辞，是和平之家、信仰之家的钥匙。它区分了福泽之家与苦难之家。它是承载宗教义务与逊奈的支柱，因为以“la ilaha illallah”作为最后之言的人将进入天堂。这一“言辞”的实质与奥秘在于：专一地归一于安拉，主权与赞颂皆属于祂，以爱、赞颂与尊崇侍奉祂。只爱祂一位；只向祂祈求；只依靠祂一位；只愿取悦祂一位；只畏惧祂一位；只以祂的名起誓；只向祂悔罪；只服从祂的命令；只向祂求取拯救；只向祂叩拜；只为祂宰牲。所有这些都可以归结为一句话：唯独崇拜祂。这便是信仰见证（la ilaha illallah）的落实。正因如此，安拉禁止火狱降临于那些在生活中确立此信仰见证并坚守它的人，正如安拉所说：（那些坚守其见证的人。）信士在心中坚守其见证，它在心中的地位，犹如灵魂在身体中的地位。病人是接近死亡的人，而那观察身体健康的灵魂则是有生命的。 因此,这个灵魂的生命依赖于这个"词"的生命(即其中包含着信仰的见证),正如身体的生命依赖于其中灵魂的存在。凡是一生坚守这个"词"并遵守其义务的人,他/她的灵魂将在天堂中享受为其注定的新的美好生活,因为安拉 ~ 曾说:(至于那畏惧站在主面前、约束自己不随从邪恶私欲的人,天堂必是他的归宿。)3 (无论男女,行善且是真正信士的人,我必使他过上美好的生活。)4 (诚然!安拉的盟友(即那些信仰安拉独一、敬畏并深爱祂的人),他们不会有恐惧,也不会忧伤;那些信道并且常常敬畏安拉的人,在今世和后世都有喜讯。安拉的言辞永不改变。这才是伟大的成功。)5 对安拉的崇拜真诚的信士,是那些享受最美好生活、心境最安宁、胸怀最开阔、内心最喜悦的人,这在今世对他/她而言就是一种天堂,先于后世的天堂。阿奈斯·本·马立克 ~ 传述,先知 ﷺ 说:"当你们走到天堂的牧场时,就在那里吃草吧。"有人问天堂的牧场是什么,他 ﷺ 回答说,那是安拉被纪念的集会圈子。6 他 ﷺ 还说:"我的家与我的讲坛之间的距离,是天堂的一片牧场。"7 对于信士来说,没有什么比在每件事上转向安拉 ~、纪念祂并努力使祂喜悦更有益的了,以便享受祂的爱。先知 ﷺ 传述,安拉 ~ 说:"亚当之子啊!我创造你是为了崇拜我,所以不要浪费时间嬉戏。我已担负起你的福分和给养,所以你不必让自己劳累。" “亚当之子啊！你呼唤我，便会找到我；若你找到了我，便找到了一切；但若你失去了我，便失去了一切；因为我对你而言，比其他任何事物都更为可爱。”

Love is the basis of every activity, whether in truth or falsehood, and the basis of all Islamic activities is having love for Allah ~ and His Messenger ~ . just as the basis of the Revelation (the Qur 'an and the Sunnah) is having belief in Allah and His Messenger. Any feeling that prevents the perfection of this love for Allah and His Messenger, competing with this love, is indeed opposed to the basis of Faith and weakens its base. If it is strengthened until it opposes the basis of the love of Allah or the belief in the Revelation, it becomes a form of polytheism which negates one's Faith. If it does not oppose it, it impairs its credible perfection. Therefore, real friendship in Islam is not achieved, except by showing enmity to the Enemies of Allah ~ - Allah ~ stated that Ibrahim :%§1 questioned his people: ( Do you observe that which you have been worshipping, you and your ancient fathers? Verily, they are enemies to me, except the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinn and all that exists).) 1 Ibrahim, the Khalil of Allah, did not establish his real intimate friendship with Allah, until he declared his enmity towards those of his people who worshipped deities besides Allah ~ - There is no friendship except for Allah' s Sake, and there is no friendship except by declaring one's freedom from anything worshipped besides Him £. For Allah ~ said: ( Indeed, there was an excellent example for you in Ibrahim and those with him, when they said to their people: "Verily, we are free from you and whatever you worship besides Allah; we have rejected you, and there has appeared between us and you hostility and hatred, for ever, until you believe in Allah, Alone.") 2 and He ~ said: ( Remember when Ibrahim said to his father and his people: "Verily, I am innocent of what you worship, except Him (i.e. I worship none but Allah, Alone), Who did create me; and verily, He will guide me" and he made it a Word, lasting among his offspring, that they may turn back (to Allah))3 i.e. he ~1 made friendship for Allah's Sake and freedom from anything worshipped besides Allah as a lasting "word", to be inherited by the prophets and followers after him; this word is the testimony of Faith: (la ilaha illallah - none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, Alone). It was the "word" upon which the heavens, earth and religion were established. It was for this "word" that the Qiblah 1 was fixed and the Swords of Jihad were raised. It is the "word" which safeguards one's blood, property in the Muslim land, and rescues one from the Punishment of the grave. No one would enter Paradise without it; it is the Word of Islam, and the key to the House of Peace, the House of Faith. It distinguishes a house of blessings from one of torments and hardships. It is the pole carrying religious obligations and the Sunnah, for he whose last word was la-ilaha-illallah enters Paradise. The essence of this "word" and its secret is : to single out Allah, to Whom belongs all Sovereignty and Praise, with Love, Praise and Glorification. To love none but Him; to ask none but Him; to rely on none but Him; to desire to please none but Him; to fear none but Him; to swear by no other name but His; to repent only to Him; to obey only His Command; to ask for salvation only from Him; to prostrate to none but Him; to sacrifice (an animal) only to Him. All this can be combined in one word: to worship none but Him ~ Alone . This is the realization of the Testimony of Faith, (la if aha illallah ). It is for this reason that Allah ~ forbade the Hell-Fire for the one who establish this Testimony of Faith in their lives and stand by it, as Allah ~ said: ( Those who stand firmly upon their testimonies.)2 A believer stands firmly upon his/her testimony in his/her heart, where it is in the same position as the spirit is in the body. A sick person is one close to death, whereas a spirit observing the health of the body is alive. So the life of this spirit depends upon the life of this word (by having the Testimony of Faith within it) , just as the life of the body depends upon the existence of the spirit within it. Whoever has lived his life holding firmly to this "word" and observing its obligations, his/her spirit would enjoy its new destined good life in Paradise, for Allah ~ has said: (As for him who feared standing before his Lord, and restrained himself from impure evil desires and lusts, verily, Paradise is his abode.) 3 ( Whoever works righteousness - whether male or female - while he (or she) is a true believer, verily, to him We will give a good life)4 (No doubt! Verily, the auliya' of Allah (i.e. those who believe in the Oneness of Allah, fearing and loving Him much), no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve; those who believe and used to fear Allah much; for them are glad tidings, in the life of the present world and in the Hereafter. No change can there be in the Words of Allah. This is indeed the supreme success. ) 5 The believer who is sincere in his/her worship of Allah is the one of those people who enjoys the best life, most restful mind, most open heart, most cheerful heart, which is a type of paradise in this world (for him/her) before the one in the Hereafter. Anas bin Malik ~ reported that the Prophet ;i said: "When you come upon the pastures of Paradise feed on them ." On being asked what the pastures of Paradise were, he ~ replied that they were circles where Allah was remembered." He ~ 6 also said: "The distance between my home and my pulpit is a pasture of Paradise. " 7 There is nothing more beneficial to the believer than turning to Allah ~ ' in every matter, remembering Him and working hard to please Him, in order to enjoy His Love. The Prophet ~ reported that Allah ~ said: "Son of Adam! I have created you to worship Me, so do not waste your time playing around. I have taken charge of your blessings and provisions, so you do not tire yourself. Son of Adam! Call Me and you will find Me, and if you find Me, you find everything; but if you miss Me, you miss everything; for I am more beloved to you than anything else."