每个人都需要知道什么对今生有益、什么对今生有害。拥有这种知识的人能够控制自己的欲望，并将其用于自身的利益。罪过使犯罪者无法获得这种知识，使他/她沦为自身行为的受害者。当一个人陷入罪恶的境地时，他对如何脱困完全茫然。他始终犹豫不决，直到被压垮，因为他的心已被罪恶腐蚀，他的抵抗能力无法发挥作用来拯救自己。当罪人遭遇灾祸时，他的心、舌和四肢会使他迷失，不知道什么能够使他脱离这场困境。他的心不愿在顺服和谦卑的状态下倚靠安拉；他的舌头不听他的使唤，不去念记他的主；即便舌头偶尔帮他念记主，他的念记也与内心毫无联系。这一切都是罪过对灵魂产生影响所致。更严重的是，当罪人在临终的关键时刻，舌头也会欺骗他。有时他很难说出信仰的证言（即宣言：La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah，除安拉外别无应受崇拜的主，穆罕默德是安拉的使者ﷺ），这在不同的案例中已被一些人亲眼见证：有人对临终者说：“你说：‘除安拉外别无应受崇拜的主。’”他却开始谈论下棋的步法——那是他最喜爱的活动——直到死去。有人对另一位说这句话，他却开始唱歌，直到死去。同样的话对另一位临终者说，他却回答：“你说的话现在对我没有任何益处，因为我犯过各种各样的罪。”于是他未说出信仰宣言就死去了。还有一人回答：“这没有什么区别，因为我一生中连一次拜功都想不起来做过。”于是他也未说出便死去了。另一位临终者回答：“我想说，可我的舌头不听使唤。” 有许多这样的情形:一些人在临终最后时刻,无法说出信仰的言词,却只能重复他们一生为之奉献的事业中的某些话语。正是在这些时刻,(安拉会以今世和后世中坚定不移的言辞,使信道的人坚定不移。安拉使不义的人迷误,安拉随意而行。)' 一个人的心若是为安拉所造,却对安拉的记念漠不关心,反而追随自己的私欲和嗜好,他的结局怎能成功呢?安拉~向那些不顾祂的禁令、坚持违抗祂的不义者说道:(难道你们从我这里得到了誓约,直到复活日都有效,而你们可以随意判决吗?你问他们,他们中谁能保证这一点!)2 罪过蒙蔽心灵 罪过要么蒙蔽心灵,要么削弱其洞察力,因此心灵错失了所有能引向正道的途径。人的完美围绕两个循环展开:分辨真理与虚妄,并遵循真理之道。在安拉看来,人们在今世和后世的地位高下之别,正基于他们在这一问题上的差异。安拉~在祂的先知们身上赞扬的正是这些品质,祂~说:(你应当记念我的仆人易卜拉欣、易斯哈格和叶尔孤白,他们都是有力量的人(在崇拜我方面),也是有宗教智慧的人。)3 即在践行真理上有力量的人,以及对宗教有良好理解的人。因此,安拉~以他们对真理的卓越认知和践行来描述他们。关于这一问题,人分为四类。 安拉的先知们仍处于安拉创造物中的最高等级。第二类则恰恰相反：他们对自己的宗教没有见识，行动上也没有力量，这一类人占了大多数。

Everyone needs to know what benefits and what harms him/her in this life. A person with such knowledge could control his/her own desires, and uses this for his/her own benefit. Sins prevent a sinner from acqumng such knowledge, making him/her a victim of his/her own actions. When one falls into a sinful situation, one is completely blinded as to a way out of it. One remains undecided, until one is overwhelmed, because one's heart is rotten with sins, as one's faculties of resistance do not function to save one. When a sinner is afflicted by a misfortune, he/she becomes deceived, by his/her heart, tongue and limbs, as to what could save him/her from this trouble. His heart is not attracted towards relying on Allah ~' in a state of submission and humility; his tongue does not obey him, in remembering his Lord, and if it helps him remembering his Lord, his remembrance has no connection with his heart. This is all due to the effects of sins upon the soul. The matter is even more serious when a sinner's tongue deceives him/her in the crucial moments before death. Sometimes, he finds it difficult to utter the Testimony of Faith (the declaration: la ilaha ilia Allah, Muhammad Rasul Allah), as has been witnessed by some people in different cases: It was said to a dying person: Say: "la ilaha ilia Allah," but instead he started mentioning the moves of a chess game - which was his favourite activity - until he died. It was said to another: Say "la ilaha ilia Allah," but he began singing, until he died. The same thing was said to another dying man, but he replied: "What you say will not benefit me now, for I have committed all types of sins." So he died without saying the declaration of faith. Another one replied: "This would make no difference, as I cannot even recall me performing a single act of Salah in my life." Thus, he also died without saying it. Another dying person replied: "I want to utter it, but my tongue refuses." There are many examples of such situations when some people, in their last dying moments, were unable to utter the declaration of faith, yet could repeat only certain words from the activity for which they devoted their lives. It is only in these moments that (Allah will keep firm those who believe, with the word that stands firm in this world and in the Hereafter. And Allah will cause to go astray those who are wrongdoers, and Allah does what He wills.)' How could one's end be successful when one's heart, which was made by Allah, remains heedless of His remembrance, and instead follows its own lusts and desires? Allah ~ addresses those wrongdoers, who disregard His Prohibitions and insist on disobeying Him: ( Or have you oaths from Us, reaching to the Day of Resurrection, that yours will be what you judge? Ask them, which of them will stand surely for that!)2 Sins blind the heart Sins either blind the heart or weaken its insight, and therefore, the heart misses all the available paths for its right guidance. Human perfection revolves around two cycles: discerning truth from falsehood, and following the path of truth . The disproportion of people's status, in Allah's Sight, both in this world and the Hereafter, is based on their differences regarding this issue. These are the issues which Allah ~ praised in His Prophets, when He ~ said: (Remember Our Servants, Ibrahim (Abraham), Ishaq (Isaac), and Ya'qub (Jacob), all owners of strength (in worshipping us) and also of religious understanding)3 i.e. owners of strength in implementing the truth, and owners of good understanding of the religion. Thus Allah ~ described them with the excellence of their perception of and acting upon the truth. People are divided into four categories, with regard to this issue. The Prophets of Allah remain in the top category, among the Creation of Allah ~- The second category is totally the opposite; those who have no insight with regards to their religion, nor strength in execution; this category contains the majority of people.

他们的团体以羞辱和耻辱来吸引追随者。第三类人拥有洞察力，也理解真理，但他们软弱无力，无法践行该真理的教导。这便是弱信士的情形；而强信士在真主那里更为可爱。 第四类人拥有权势和决心，却缺乏对宗教的理解，也不能恰当地分辨至仁主（真主 ~）的支持者与沙塔尼（恶魔）的支持者。在所有这些类别中，除第一类人外，没有谁适合被授予宗教领导权（伊玛目职位）。真主 ~ 说：（我使他们中的一些人成为领袖，他们忍耐并坚信我的迹象，因而依我的命令引导众人。）¹ 真主以时间起誓：以今世中失败者和成功者的时间起誓；没有信仰和善行的人，必是亏折的人。他 ~ 说：（以时间起誓！人类确是亏折的，除了那些信道并行善的人，他们互相劝勉真理，互相劝勉坚忍。）² 众所周知，罪恶会蒙蔽心灵的洞察力，使它无法如实地认识真理，并削弱它的决心。它的认知会败坏到把真理当作虚妄，把虚妄当作真理。真主 ~ 说：（谁背离至仁主的教诲，我就为他派定一个魔鬼作他的伙伴。魔鬼确实阻止他们遵循正道，而他们却以为自己是遵循正道的。） 直到他（那人）来到我们面前时，他会对他的恶魔同伴说："但愿我与你之间的距离，如同东西两方之间的距离那样遥远。"这样的同伴真是最糟糕的！3

Their company attracts its followers by means of shame and di sgrace. The third category contains those with insight and an understanding of the truth, yet are weak and unable to execute the teachings of that truth. This is the case of the weak believer; while the strong believer is more beloved to Allah ~ - The fourth category contains those with power and determination, yet lacking understanding of the religion, and failing to distinguish properly between the supporters of Ar- Rahman (Allah ~ ), and the supporters of Shaytan (Satan). Of all these categories, none is suitable to be assigned the Imamah (leadership) in religion, except the first category. Allah ~ said: ( We made from among them leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when they were patient and used to believe with certainty in Our Signs) 1 Allah has sworn by time; the time of the losers and the winners in this life ; that those without iman (faith) and good deeds are among the losers; He ~ said: (By Al-' Asr (the time). Verily, man is in loss, except those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous deeds) . Allah ~ also added: ( Recommend one another to the truth (i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds, which Allah has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds, which Allah has forbidden), and recommend one another to patience (for the suffering, harm, and injury which one may encounter in Allah's Cause).)2 It is known that sins blind the heart's insight, preventing it from perceiving the truth as it is, and weaken its determination. Its perception becomes so corrupt that it evaluates truth as falsehood and falsehood as truth. Allah ~ said: (Whosoever turns away, blindly, from the remembrance of the Most Gracious (Allah), We appoint for him Satan to be a companion to him. And verily, they (devils) hinder them from the Path of Allah, yet they think that are guided aright! Till when he (such a one) comes to Us, he says (to his devil companion): "Would that between me and you were the distance of the two easts" - the worst type of companion indeed)3