爱或依恋是一个统称，其中有多种类型，程度和性质各不相同。关于真主（SWT）而言，最受提及的一种爱，是只适合真主地位的爱，比如只向祂一人敬拜和奉献，例如崇拜与虔诚。"爱"一词也可以在一般语境中提及，如经文所说：（真主将带来祂所意欲的人群，他们将爱祂。）1（人们中有人舍真主而拜别的，把它们当作匹敌，爱它们如同爱真主。）2 最恶劣的爱，是伊斯兰教绝对禁止的，即对真主以外的事物怀有与爱真主同等的爱；而最伟大的爱，是只爱真主一位，并爱祂所爱的一切。这是今世与后世幸福的根基，能使人免于任何刑罚。被禁止的爱，即属于多神信仰的一种，是今世与后世遭受惩罚的根源。爱真主（SWT）并只崇拜祂一位的人，不会进入火狱；即便因某些罪过而进入，他们之中也没有一人会永居其中。《古兰经》的核心，就是这种爱及其义务的诫命，以及对另一类爱及其要求的禁止。经中以例证和故事阐述了两类爱及其信奉者的详情，也给出了两类爱在三个世界中的情形：今世的情形、坟墓中的情形和后世的情形。所有先知（ﷺ之前的众先知）信息的根本，是只崇拜真主（SWT）独一，不以任何同伴配祂；这种崇拜包含爱的圆满、顺服、谦卑、赞美与颂扬，并以服从和敬畏作为必要的前提。阿納斯·本·马立克传述，先知ﷺ说："以掌握我灵魂者起誓，你们中任何人都不会具备完美的信仰，直到我在他心中比他的儿子、父亲和所有人都更可爱。" 3 阿卜杜拉·本·希沙姆说:“我们和先知在一起,他握着欧麦尔·本·哈塔卜的手。欧麦尔对他说:‘真主的使者啊!除了我自己,您比一切都更让我喜爱。’先知ﷺ说:‘不,以掌握我灵魂的主发誓,你不会有完全的信仰,直到我比你自己更让你喜爱。’于是欧麦尔对他说:‘现在,以真主发誓,您比我自己更让我喜爱。’先知ﷺ说:‘现在,欧麦尔啊,(你是一位信士)。’” 4 如果爱先知ﷺ,并且应当把对他的爱置于对子女、父亲和所有人的爱之上,是这样的情况,那么对派遣穆罕默德ﷺ作为使者的那位主所应有的爱又当如何呢?

Love or attachment is a name, of which there are many types differing in their degree and description. The type most mentioned, with regards to Allah ~ ' is the one which is only suitable for Allah's Status (and not to anyone or anything else), such as worship and devotion to Him, Alone. The term love can be mentioned in its general context, as in the Verses: ( Allah will bring people, whom He wills, and they will love Him. ) 1 (And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah, as rivals. They love them (as much) as they love Allah. ) 2 The worst love, which is categorically prohibited in Islam, is to have an equal love for others besides Allah; while the greatest type of love is to love Allah, Alone, and to love whatever He ~ loves. This is the basis of happiness in this world and the Hereafter, which saves one from any punishment. The prohibited love, which is a type of polytheism, is the basis of torment in this world and the Hereafter. Those who love Allah ~ and worship Him, Alone, do not enter the Hell-Fire, and if they ever enter it because of some sins, none of them would stay in it. The Qur' an is centred on this commandment of love and its obligations, and on the prohibition of the other type and its requirements. It gives examples and stories of both types, with details of their devotees. It also gives the conditions of both types in the three worlds: the condition in this world, the condition in the grave, and the condition in the Hereafter. The basis of the Message of all the prophets ~1 is to worship Allah ~ ' Alone, without partners ; such a worship which comprises the perfection of love, submission, humiliation, praise and glorification to Him £ , along with obedience and fear as necessary prerequisites. Anas bin Malik ~ reported that the Prophet ~ said: "By Him in Whose Hand my soul is , none of you will not have complete faith, till I am dearer to him than his son, his father and all people." 3 Abdullah bin Hisham ~ said: "We were with the Prophet while he was holding the hand of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab. 'Umar said to Him: ' O Messenger of Allah! You are dearer to me than everything except my own self.' The Prophet ~ said: ' No, by Him in Whose Hand my soul is , you will not have complete faith, till I am dearer to you than your own self.' Then 'Umar said to him: 'However, now, by Allah, you are dearer to me than my own self.' The Prophet ~ said: ' Now, 0 ' Umar, (you are a believer). " '4 If this is the case for loving the Prophet ~ and the obligation to place his love before that for one's child, father and all people , then what about the love due to the One Who sent Muhammad ~ as His Messenger?

爱是每一个行为的基础，也是其有效的动因。行为有三类：自主行为、自然行为和被迫行为。自然行为的基础是静态平衡的状态，因为身体只有离开其自然的平衡状态才会移动，而行为完成后又会回到这一状态。依赖意志力的自主行为是其他各类行为的基础，因为它与意志力和爱相关。 天上与地上的各种运行便是这一概念最好的例证，例如星系、星辰、风、云、雨、植物的运动，以及子宫中胚胎的发育；它们都由被委派的天使执行，这些天使遵从安拉的命令行事，例如依照安拉的命令分配他的恩惠。这在《古兰经》和圣训中都有提及，并且源自对天使的信仰，而信仰天使是信仰的基本要义之一。事实上，安拉~为子宫（以照料新生的婴儿）委派了天使，为雨水委派了天使，为植物委派了天使，为风委派了天使，为星辰委派了天使，为山岳委派了天使，也为将雨水输送到特定地点的云委派了天使。安拉~还为每个人委派了四位天使：两位记录者，一位在他的右边，一位在他的左边，记录他的一切言行；两位守护者，一位在他的前面，一位在他的后面。安拉~还委派天使在人死时取走他的灵魂，并为其在天堂或火狱中准备新的住所；委派天使在他死后进行询问和考验，使他在坟墓中或得享福乐，或受到折磨；委派天使在他从坟墓中复起时把他带到聚集之地；委派天使在火狱中惩罚他，或在天堂中赐福于他。天使是安拉~的军队，“天使”一词的意思就是使者，执行安拉~的命令。 在这件事上他们没有任何自主决定权。全部事务都属于安拉，唯独属于祂。天使只是执行天命。安拉在谈及天使时说：（我们（天使）非经你的主命不降临。（穆罕默德啊）我们前面的、后面的，以及两者之间的，全都属于祂；你的主绝不忘记。）1（天上有许多天使，他们的说情毫无作用，除非安拉允许祂所意欲并喜悦的人。）2 安拉以祂执行命令的若干天使起誓，说：（以排列成行的（天使）起誓。以善加驱赶云彩的（天使）起誓。以把安拉的经典和《古兰经》传达给人类的（天使）起誓。）1（以接连派遣的风（或指天使，或指使者）起誓。以猛烈吹刮的风起誓。以吹散云雨的风起誓。以分辨真伪的（《古兰经》的节文）起誓。以传达使者启示、以断绝借口或警告的天使起誓。）2（以猛烈拔取（不信道者和邪恶者灵魂）的（天使）起誓。以温和取出（信士灵魂）的（天使）起誓。以疾速游行的（即天使或其轨道上的星辰）起誓。以奉行主命而行事的（天使）起誓。）3 所有这些动作和行为，都是天使对安拉的崇拜。正是出于对安拉的爱，他们甘心执行祂的命令；也正是这份爱，使诸天和大地赞颂它们的主。（七重天和大地以及其中的一切都赞颂祂；万物无不赞颂祂的超绝至美，只是你们不理解它们的赞颂。诚然，祂是至宽容的，至宽恕的。） 4 因此,每一个有生命或会动的事物都被赋予了意志、爱和行动;而这个宇宙中所有存在的部分,除非其运动和爱都献给它们的造物主——唯独献给祂,否则都毫无用处,正如它们的存在本身也只归因于祂独一的创造。正因如此,安拉{至尊}说:“假若天地间有安拉以外的神灵,天地必定都会败坏。”[1] 确实,如果这个世界有两位神,它的体系就会陷入混乱,因为每位神都会设法制服对方或消灭对方,以便被确立为唯一的真神;而且与他者分享神性,是对神之完美的缺失。神绝不会乐于存在缺失;所以如果其中一位消灭了另一位,他就会成为唯一的神,而被击败的那位便不能再被称为神。但如果两者都无法制服对方,那么他们都会有缺陷,必然还有一位更强大的神在他们之上,否则他们每一位都会取走自己所创造的事物,并用它来制服对方。这种情况将导致天地间一切存在的毁灭,正如一个国家若有两位国王为王位相互争斗,所造成的破坏一样!因此,天地的正当秩序,以及组织一切受造物存在的完美体系,清楚地证明:除安拉以外别无应受崇拜者——祂是独一的,没有任何同伴;主权与赞美都属于祂;祂赐予生命,也使人死亡;祂对万事都有全能。安拉{至尊}说:“安拉没有生子,与祂同在的也没有任何神灵。如果有许多神灵,每位神灵必定会带走他所创造的,并且彼此争夺,互相制服!赞颂安拉,超越他们所归于祂的一切!” 1（难道他们以地上的某些神灵为拜神对象，而那些神灵能使死人复活吗？若天地之间除安拉之外另有神灵，天地必定败坏。赞美安拉，宝座的主宰，超绝于他们所归附于祂的一切！祂所行的，无人可以诘问，而他们却要受到诘问。）2（你说：如果如他们所说，在祂之外另有神灵，那么它们必定会去寻求通往宝座之主的途径。）3

Love remains the basis behind every action and its effective cause. There are three types of actions: a chosen action, a natural one, and a compelled one. The basis of a natural action is a state of static equilibrium, for the body moves only when it leaves its natural state of balance and returns to this state when an action is finished. A chosen action which relies on one's will power, is the basis of the other types of actions, for it relates to will power and love. The best example of this concept is in the actions both in the heavens and on the earth, such as the movements of the galaxies, stars, wind, clouds, rain, plants, embryos in their wombs; they are all executed by the appointed angels who arrange to obey the Commands of Allah ~ ' such as distributing His Blessings (by His Command). This is mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and it is derived from the belief in the Angels, as one of the precepts of Faith. In fact, Allah ~ has appointed angels for the wombs (to take care of any new coming baby) , angels for the rain, angels for vegetation, angels for the wind, angels for the stars, angels for the mountains, and for the clouds which carry rain to any specific destination. Allah ~ also appointed four angels for every person (two writers - one on his/her right and one on his/her left recording all his/her words and actions - and two protectors - one in front of him/her and one behind him/her). He ~ also appointed angels to take away a person ' s spirit (at his/her death) and prepare its new dwelling in Paradise or in Hell ; angels to question him/her (after his/her death) and test him/her in the grave, where he/she would either blessed or tormented; angels to take him/her to the Gathering Place, when he/she rises from his/her grave; angels to punish him/her in Hell, or bless him/her in Paradise. The angels are the soldiers of Allah ~ . and the term "angel" just means messenger, executing the Commands of Allah ~ . without having any decision in the matter. The whole matter belongs to Allah ~. Alone . The angels are simply implementing the Divine Commands. Allah ~ said, informing about them: ( We (angels) do not descend except by the Command of your Lord (0 Muhammad :I). To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between those two; and your Lord is never forgetful) 1 ( There are many angels in the heavens , whose intercession will avail nothing, except after Allah has given leave to whom He wills and is pleased with. ) 2 Allah ~ has sworn by a number of His Angels who execute His Commands, saying: ( By those (angels) arranged in rows. By those (angels) who drive the clouds in a good way. By those (angels) who deliver the Book and the Qur'an from Allah to mankind.) 1 ( By the winds (or angels or the Messengers of Allah) sent forth, one after another. By the winds that blow violently. By the winds that scatter clouds and rain. By the (Verses of the Qur'an) that separate the right from the wrong. By the angels that deliver the Revelations of the Messengers, to cut off all excuses or warn.) 2 ( By those (angels) who pull out (the souls of the disbelievers and the wicked) with great violence. By those (angels) who gently take out (the souls of the believers). By those that swim along (i.e. angels or planets in their orbit). By those (angels) who arrange to do the Commands of their Lord.) 3 All those movements and actions are the angels ' worship of Allah ,g, It is their love of Allah which makes them execute His Commands willingly; and it is this love which makes the heavens and the earth glorify their Lord ( The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him; for there is not a thing but glorifies His Praise. But you understand not their glorification. Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.)4 Therefore, every living or moving thing has a will, love and action accorded to it, and all the existing parts in this universe would not be useful unless their movements and love were devoted for their Creator, Alone , just as their existence itself is due only to His Exclusive Creativity. It is for this reason that Allah ~ said: (Had there been therein (in the heavens and the earth) gods besides Allah, then verily both would have been ruined.) 1 Indeed, if there were two gods for thi s world, its system would have been in chaos , as each god would have sought to overcome the other or destroy him , in order to be singled out as the only true deity , and because sharing with another deity is a shortcoming in a deity's perfection. A god would never be pleased to have a shortcoming; so if one destroyed the other, he would be the only god , while the other defeated one could no longer be described as god. But if none should overcome the other, then they both would have a defect, and there should be a stronger god above them, otherwise each one of them would take what he had created and use it to overcome the other. This situation would lead to the destruction of all that existed in the heavens and the earth, just like the damage which is left in a country where there were two kings fighting eachother for the throne! Therefore, the righteousness of the heavens and the earth , and the perfect system that organises the existence of all creatures , is manifest proof that there is no god but Allah ~ 'Alone, without any associate; to Him belongs all sovereignty and praise; He gives life and causes death; and He is Omnipotent over all things. Allah ~ said: (No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him. If there had been many gods, then each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have tried to overcome others! Glorified is Allah above all that they attribute to Him!) 1 (Or have they taken (for worship) gods from the earth who raise the dead? Had there been therein (in the heavens and the earth) gods besides Allah, then verily both would have been ruined. Glorified is Allah, the Lord of the Throne, (High is He) above all that they associate with Him! He cannot be questioned as to what He does, while they will be questioned.)2 (Say: If there had been other gods along with Him as they assert, then they would certainly have sought out a way to the Lord of the Throne.)3