现在你已经了解了各种类型的以物配主，应当能够领会前面所提问题的答案。因此我说，借着安拉的成全：以物配主的实质，是认为造物主可以与其某一受造物相似，或受造物可以与造物主相似。这是否认真主所有的完美属性，无论是祂自己所描述的，还是祂的使者ﷺ所描述的。 神性的一项特殊特征是独一无二的，即祂拥有赐予、夺取、加害与利益的能力。因此，人有义务将祈求、畏惧、期望与依靠唯独专向安拉。凡将这些愿望寄托于安拉的某一受造物者，便是将该受造物与造物主相提并论，而造物主是唯一的真神，唯独祂掌管宇宙万物的事务！ 作证信仰的要求之一，是不得向任何人鞠躬或低头谦卑，也不得向他人祈求，请其满足自己的需要；因为唯有安拉能够满足任何人的需要。祂所欲的必定发生，祂所不欲的必定不会发生！没有谁能阻止祂所欲赐予的，也没有谁能赐予祂所欲阻止的！ 神性的特征之一是各方面的绝对完美，这要求唯独将崇拜奉献给安拉。人们在主面前的地位，取决于他们对主的至诚热爱与顺服的程度，这符合每个人自出生起就具备的原始天性（菲塔拉）的标准。然而，恶魔们竭力改变人的天性、败坏人的心智，因此安拉ﷻ以启示派遣使者，以祂的光明引导人们；（安拉引导祂所欲者走向祂的光明。）①叩头是专为安拉而设的特殊崇拜行为。 唯独祂如此。因此，向祂之外的其他对象叩拜的人，就是把祂与祂的受造物相提并论。同样的裁决也适用于将其他行为奉献给安拉以外的对象，例如：依靠、悔罪、起誓、赞美和颂扬等。 先知ﷺ说："安拉说：'骄傲是我的披肩，伟大是我的外袍，谁在这两者上与我争夺，我就把他投入火狱。'"[2] 先知ﷺ说："复活日受刑最重的人是画家；有人会对他们说：'给你们所画的东西注入生命吧。'"[3] 先知ﷺ说："安拉说：'谁比那些试图创造与我的创造相似之物的人更不义？让他们创造哪怕最小的一只蚂蚁，或一粒小麦或大麦吧。'"[4] 先知ﷺ说："在复活日，安拉看来最可憎的名字，是一个人自称'万王之王'（Malik Al-Amlak）。"[5] 这就是安拉的震怒降临于任何试图在祂的名称和属性上与祂相似之人的原因。唯独安拉是万王之王，是一切统治者之上的主宰。唯独祂统治着所有统治者和审判者。

Now that you know the different types of polytheism, you should be able to perceive the answer of the previously mentioned question , and so I say, with success from Allah ~ : The reality of polytheism is that of believing that the Creator could resemble any of His creation, or that His Creation could resemble the Creator. It is denying God all His Perfect Attributes, which He ~ has described Himself with, or has been described with by His Prophet ~ - It is a special characteristic of the Deity that He is Unique, in terms of possessing the qualities of giving removing away, of harming and benefiting. Therefore, it is an obligation to devote one's supplications, fears, wishes and rely on Allah, Alone; and so whoever tries to convey these aspirations to one of Allah's Creation, has associated that creation with Allah, the Creator; the One God, Who Alone disposes of the affairs of the universe! Among the requirements of the Testimony of Faith is that no one should bow down or lower his/her head humbly to anyone, nor supplicate to another human being, asking him/her to fulfil his/her needs; for only Allah is capable of fulfilling anyone's needs. Whatever He wills takes place, and whatever He does not will does not take place! None can prevent what He has willed to bestow, and none can bestow what He has willed to prevent! One the characteristics of the Deity is Absolute Perfection, in all aspects, and this necessitates the devotion of worship to Allah, Alone. People's status, with regards to their Lord, varies according to their utmost love and submission to Him, and this conforms to the standards of the fitrah ( original pure nature) which exists in every human being from childbirth . However, the shayateen (devils) have endeavoured to change people's nature and corrupt their minds, so Allah~ sent His Messengers with the Revelation to guide with His Light; (Allah guides to His Light whom He wills.) 1 Prostration is a special act of worship for Allah ~. Alone, so whoever prostrates to others beside Him, has resembled Him to His Creation. The same judgment applies to the devotion of other actions for other than Allah ~' such as: reliance, repentance, taking oaths, praising and glorifying, etc. The Prophet~ said: "Allah~ said: 'Pride is My Cloak and Greatness is My Robe, and so he who competes with Me in respect of either of them I shall cast into the Hell-Fire."2 The Prophet ~ said: "The people with the utmost punishment on the Day of Resurrection would be the painters; as it would be said to them: 'Put life into what you have created (i.e. painted). '"3 The Prophet ~ said: "Allah ~ said: 'Who are most unjust than those who try to create something like My Creation? I challenge them to create even the smallest ant or, a grain of wheat or barley. "'4 The Prophet~ said: "The most awful name in Allah's Sight, on the Day of Resurrection, would be (that of) a man calling himself 'Malik Al-Amlak' (the king of kings)."5 This is the Wrath of Allah ~ upon anyone who tries to bear any resemblance to Him, in His Names and Attributes. Allah ~. Alone, is the King of the Kings, the Ruler over all rulers. He ~' Alone, rules over all of their rulers and judges.

谁对主怀有恶劣的看法,就确实否认了主在其名字与属性上的圣洁完美。安拉 ~ 已经应许,对那些对祂怀有恶念的人施以严厉的惩罚,祂说:{对他们而言是可耻的刑罚,安拉的愤怒降临在他们身上。祂诅咒他们,并为他们预备了火狱,那是最糟糕的归宿。}6 祂 ~ 还对那些否认祂任何一种属性的人说:{你们对主所怀的那种念头,已使你们走向毁灭,你们也成了彻底迷失的人。}7 安拉 ~ 也提到易卜拉欣 ~ 的事,说他对他的父亲和他的族人说:{当他对他的父亲和他的族人说:"你们所崇拜的是什么?你们想要的,是那些伪造的神灵,即安拉之外的神明吗?那么你们对众世界的主(人类、精灵以及一切存在之物的主)有怎样的看法呢?"}8 也就是说,你们崇拜了其他神明之后,你们认为祂会对你们做什么呢?真正虔诚崇拜安拉 ~ 的人,是以完全谦卑的态度顺服祂的人;因为唯有安拉 ~ 配得一切赞颂、颂扬与崇拜。将这些权利归于安拉之外的其他神明,是极大的不义。祂 ~ 说:{祂为你们设一个比喻,取自你们自身:你们的右手所拥有的奴仆,是否与你们平等地分享我赐予你们的财富,使你们像彼此畏惧那样畏惧他们?我就这样为懂理性的人详细地阐明迹象。}9 也就是说,如果你们中有人傲慢地拒绝让他的仆人在他的全部财产上成为平等的合伙人,那你们为何要让我的仆人与我平分属于我的权利呢?我是独一的神明,除我之外,任何事物都不应被归于祂,因为那只适合于我。谁如此宣称,就是没有按照应有的方式尊崇我,也没有如应有的那样颂扬我。安拉 ~ 说:{人类啊!} “这里设了一个比喻，请仔细听：那些你们舍安拉而祈祷的，即使他们聚集起来，也不能创造一只苍蝇；如果苍蝇从他们那里夺走什么东西，他们也没有能力从苍蝇那里把它夺回来。求助者与被求助者，都是何等软弱。他们没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂。安拉确是至强的、至能的。”{22:73-74} 安拉还说：“他们没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂。在复活日，整个大地将被祂的手握住，诸天将被卷在祂的右手中。赞颂归于祂，祂超越他们所用来与祂并列的一切。”{39:67} 凡存在于这个宇宙中的一切，在全能的安拉面前都是软弱的；因此，凡以任何事物与安拉并列的人，就没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂。那些没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂的人宣称：安拉从未派遣使者，也从未降示祂的经典给祂的被造物；祂只是创造了他们，然后便不再顾及他们！那些没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂的人否认祂的名称与属性，例如听觉、视觉、意志、抉择、祂高居于被造物之上，以及祂与祂在被造物中所选定的人对话。那些没有按照安拉应有的尊荣来认识祂的人宣称：安拉惩罚祂的仆人，而他们并未做过那些事，或对那些事没有能力或影响。他们宣称：凡发生的一切都是真主的行为，因此仆人会因为被造物主迫使他所做的事而受到惩罚！人们怎能想象，至公的裁决者、至仁慈的主，会迫使他的仆人去做超出其意志和决定的行为，然后让他永远受罚？安拉超越他们所有邪恶的指控与诬蔑。 那些不以应有的态度尊崇安拉的人,会追随魔鬼,并把它与安拉等同起来,在赞美、顺服、臣服、畏惧和期望等方面,都将魔鬼与安拉同等看待。安拉说:{亚当的子孙啊!难道我没有命令你们不要崇拜恶魔吗?它确是你们明显的仇敌。你们应当惟独崇拜我,这是正路。}魔鬼还引诱多神教徒崇拜它,并谎称自己是天使。安拉说:{在那一天,他将把他们全部集合起来,然后对众天使说:"这些人过去是崇拜你们的吗?"天使们说:"赞美你超绝万物!你是我们的保护者,而不是他们的。不,他们过去是崇拜精灵的,他们大多数都信仰精灵。"}同样,其他多神教徒崇拜太阳、月亮和星辰,声称他们崇拜的是这些星体的灵体,它们会与他们交流并满足他们的愿望。因此,当太阳升起时,魔鬼便站在太阳两侧,其犄角显露出来;当多神教徒向太阳叩拜时,他们实际上是在向魔鬼叩拜,日落时也是如此。因此,凡崇拜安拉以外之物的人,实际上都是在崇拜撒旦,包括那些崇拜尔撒(耶稣)❀及其母亲的人,因为是魔鬼命令他们去崇拜她们。安拉说:{在那一天,他将把他们全部集合起来,并说:"精灵的集团啊!你们已经迷惑了许多人类。"人类中他们的朋友将说:"我们的主啊!我们曾经互相利用,现在我们已经到达你为我们所定的期限。"他将说:"火狱是你们的住所,你们将永居其中,除非安拉另有旨意。你们的主是至睿的,是全知的。"}这说明了为什么多神崇拜在安拉看来是最大的罪过:除非悔改,否则它是不可赦宥的,并会导致在火狱中受永恒的刑罚。

Whoever has a poor opinion of the Lord has indeed denied the Lord His Scared Perfection, in His Names and Attributes. Allah ~ has promised a severe punishment for those who think evil thoughts about Him, when He ~ said: ( for them is a disgraceful torment, and the Anger of Allah is upon them. He has cursed them and prepared Hell for them - and worst indeed is that destination)6 and He ~ said to those who denied Him any one of His Attributes: (That thought of yours which you thought about your Lord, has brought you to destruction, and you have become of those utterly lost! )7 Allah ~ also said about Ibrahim ~I that he said to his people: ( When he said to his father and to his people: "What is that which you worship? Is it a falsehood - gods other than Allah - that you desire? Then what you think about the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind,jinn and all that exists)?) 8 i.e. what do you think he would do to you after you have worshipped other gods? The true devout worshipper of Allah ~ is the one who submits to Him in complete humiliation; for Allah ~ . Alone, deserves All Praise, Glorification and Adoration. It is a great injustice to devote such rights to other gods , besides Allah ~- He ~ said: (He sets forth for you a parable from yourselves: Do you have partners among those whom your right hands possess (i.e. slaves) to share as equals, in the wealth We have bestowed on you, whom you fear as you fear each other? Thus we explain the signs in detail to a people who have sense.)' i.e. if one of you haughtily rejects allowing his Servant to become an equal partner in all his property, then why do you appoint My Servant to share equally that which is My Property; I am the Deity, to Whom nothing is to be attributed, besides Me, as that does not suit anyone but Me! Whoever claims so has not estimated Me with the estimation that is due to Me, and has not duly glorified Me. Allah ~ said: ( 0 mankind! A similitude has been coined, so listen to it carefully: Verily, those on whom you call besides Allah, cannot create (even) a fly, even if they met together for the purpose; and if the fly should snatch away anything from them, they would have no power to release it from the fly. So weak are (both) the seeker and the sought. They have not estimated Allah by His Rightful Estimate. Verily, Allah is All-Strong, All- Mighty.) 2 Allah ~ also said: ( They did not make a just estimate of Allah such as is due to Him. On the Day of the Resurrection, the whole of the earth will be grasped by His Hand and the heavens will be rolled up in His Right Hand. Glorified and Exalted is He above all that they associate as partners with Him.)3 Whatever exists in this Universe is weak before All-Mighty Allah; therefore, whoever associates anything with Allah has not estimated Him His Rightful Estimate . Those who do not estimate Allah by His Rightful Estimate claim that Allah ~ never sent His Messengers nor revealed His Book to His Creation; that He ~ simply created them and ignored them! Those who do not estimate Allah by His Rightful Estimate deny Him His Names and Attributes, such as Hearing, Sight, Will, Choice, His Elevation above His Creation, and His Speaking to whomsoever He choses among His Creation. Those who do not estimate Allah by His Rightful Estimate claim that Allah ~ punishes His Servants for something they did not do, or have no power or effect over. They claim that whatever takes place is an act of God, and so a Servant would be punished for something he/she was forced to do by his/her Creator! How could one imagine that the Best of Judges and the Most Merciful should compel His Servant to do an act, which is beyond his/her will and determination, and then punish him/her eternally for it? Allah is Above all their evil claims and accusations. Those who do not estimate Allah by His Rightful Estimate follow the Devil and make him equal to Allah ~' in observing the qualities of Glory, Obedience, Submission, Fear and Hope in him (the devil). Allah ~ said: (Did I not command you, 0 Children of Adam, that you should not worship Satan? Verily, he is a plain enemy to you. You should worship Me, Alone; that is the Straight Path.)4 The devil also invites the polytheist to worship him, claiming that he is an angel. Allah ~ said: (The Day when He will gather them all together, then He will say to the angels: "Was it you that these people used to worship?" The angels said: "Glorified are You! You are our Lord instead of them. Nay, but they used to worship the jinn, most of them were believers in them.")1 Similarly, other polytheists worship the sun, moon and stars, claiming that they worship the spirits of these planets, which address them, and fulfil their desires. So as the sun rises , the devil stands with his horns appearing to be on both sides of the sun, and when the polytheists prostrate to it, they are in fact prostrating to the devil, and the same thing happens at sunset. Therefore, whoever worships others besides Allah ~ has indeed worshipped Satan, including those who worship Prophet 'Isa (Jesus) ~\ and his mother, because it is the devil who commands them to worship them. Allah ~ said: ( On the Day when He will gather them all together and say: "0 you assembly of jinn! You gained many followers among mankind." And their friends among mankind will say, "Our Lord, we benefited from one another, and now we have reached the term which You have determined for us." He will say: "The Fire is your home, you will be in it timelessly, forever, except as Allah wills. Your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing.") 2 This shows the reason for which polytheism is regarded as the greatest sin in Allah's Sight; it is unforgivable, unless one repents, and leads to eternal punishment in the Hell-Fire.