night" • 他 ~ 还说:"谁守了斋月的斋戒,之后又接着守了沙瓦鲁月的六天斋,那就如同常年守斋一样。"2 他 ~ 还说:"谁诵读了章:(你说:他是安拉,独一的主),那就如同诵读了三分之一的古兰经。"3 然而,众所周知,上述圣训中所提到的那些行为之人所得的回报,并不能达到被比拟之事所得的回报。如果认为二者回报相等,那么在宵礼和晨礼时参加会礼、并在两者之间整夜站立拜夜间拜功的人,就只是让自己整夜疲劳,而不会得到额外的回报。如果有人说:"那么杀一人的人与杀一百人的人,二者之间的相似之处在哪里?"相似之处体现在许多方面:第一,二者都违抗了安拉 ~ 和祂的使者 ~,都将承受安拉的惩罚,都招致了安拉的愤怒和诅咒,并永久居留于火狱之中。二者的区别在于他们在火狱最底层所受的惩罚。第二,二者都同样应当被处死。第三,二者在非法杀人的意图上同样有罪。任何人无故杀人,仅仅为了在地上制造祸乱,便可能为了夺取他人财产而杀害任何人;因此他是人类的公敌!第四,安拉 ~ 使信士们彼此怜悯、同情,如同一个身体;所以当杀人者伤害这个身体的一部分时,这个身体的其他部分也都会受到伤害。因此,伤害一位信士,就如同伤害了所有的信士。先知 ~ 说:"任何人被不义地杀害,其罪责的一部分都会落在亚当的第一个儿子(卡比尔)身上,因为他在地上首创了杀人的恶例。" 4 虽然，这一惩罚的承诺从未适用于第一个通奸者、第一个小偷或第一个醉酒者。第一个多神教徒比第一个杀人者更应受到这种惩罚，因为他是第一个树立多神崇拜榜样的人。正因如此，先知ﷺ看到乌马尔·本·鲁哈伊·胡扎伊（'Umar bin Luhay Al-Khuza'i）在火狱中受到最严厉的惩罚，因为他是第一个改变易卜拉欣的宗教的人；正如安拉（SWT）所说：{不要成为第一个不信它的人}5，即人们以你为榜样——在你之后——因此他们的不信之罪将归于你。同样的判断适用于开创恶习并被人效仿的人。阿卜杜拉·本·阿巴德（'Abdullah bin 'Abbad）传述：先知ﷺ说："复活日，被杀者将把杀他的人带来，其前额发和头颅握在他手中，他自己的颈静脉仍在滴血，他会说：'我的主啊，他杀了我。'直到把他带到宝座前。"有人向伊本·阿巴斯（Ibn 'Abbas）提及悔罪，但他诵读了这节经文：{故意杀害信士者，其报酬是永居其中的火狱}1，并说：这节经文没有被废止，也没有被更改，那么他怎能从任何悔罪中获益呢？"2
纳菲'（Nafi'）说："阿卜杜拉·本·乌马尔（Abdullah bin 'Umar）有一天注视着天房，说：'你是多么伟大，你的神圣是多么崇高；但信士的神圣在安拉看来更为伟大！'"
艾布·胡莱赖ره（Abu Hurayrah）传述：先知ﷺ说："辱骂穆斯林是Fusuq（即作恶），杀害他是Kufr（不信）。"3 先知ﷺ还说："当心！在我之后，不要因互相砍杀而变成不信者。"4 先知ﷺ说："凡杀害与穆斯林有约的人，将闻不到乐园的芬芳，尽管其芬芳可从四十年的距离外闻到。" "5 这是对杀害受保护盟约之下的非信士者的惩罚；那么，杀害只崇拜安拉、独一无二的信士者，其惩罚又当如何呢？先知ﷺ说："安拉看来，整个世界的消逝，都比杀害一名穆斯林男子更加微不足道。""6
night" • He ~ also said: "He who observed the fast of Ramadan and then followed it with six (fasts) of Shawwal, it would be as if he fasted perpetually."2 And he ~ also said: "If anyone recites surat: ( Say: He is Allah, the One) , it is as if he had recited one third of the Qur'an."3 However, it is known that the reward for the doer of such acts - as mentioned in the above Hadiths - does not reach the reward of the one resembled. If they are considered equal in reward, then the person who performs 'Isha and Fajr in congregation and stands performing the night prayer in between them would just be tiring himself all night, with no extra reward due. If it is said: "Then where is the resemblance between the one who kills one person and the one who kills a hundred persons"? The resemblance is in many aspects: First, Both of them are disobedient to Allah ~ and His Messenger ~' and are to receive Allah ' s Punishment, and both of them have earned Allah's Anger and Curse, and dwelling eternally in the Hell-Fire. The difference between them is in their punishment in their lowest levels of Hell. Second, they both equally deserve being killed. Third, they are both equally guilty in their willingness to kill unlawfully. Whoever kills a person without any right, simply for causing mischief in the land, can kill anyone just to take their property; therefore he is an enemy to humanity! Fourth, Allah ~ has made the believers, in their mercy and sympathy towards one another, as one body; so when a killer hurts one part of that body, all the other parts of that body are also hurt. So when someone hurts a believer, it is as if he has hurt all the believers. The Prophet ~ said: "No human being is killed unjustly, but a part of the responsibility for that crime is laid up on the first son of Adam (Qabil) who invented the tradition of killing (murdering) on the earth."4 Although, this promise of punishment never came to apply to the first fornicator, the first thief, or the first drunkard. The first polytheist would be rather more deserving of that punishment than the first killer, because he/she would have been the first to set the example of polytheism. It is for this reason that the Prophet ~ saw ' Umar bin Luhay Al-Khuza'i receiving the greatest punishment in the Hell-Fire, because he was the first who changed the Religion of Ibrahim ~,; as Allah ~ said: (and do not be the first to disbelieve therein ) 5 i.e. that people take you as an example - after you - and so their sins of disbelief would rest upon you. The same judgment is for the one who sets a bad practice which people followed. Abdullah bin 'Abbad ~ reported that the Prophet ~ said: "On the Day of Resurrection the slain will bring their slayer with his forelock and his head in his hand, and his own jugular vein meanwhile dripping with blood, and he will say: 'My Lord, he killed me' , till he brings him near the throne." People mentioned repentance to Ibn 'Abbas ~' but he recited the Verse: ( Whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein ) 1, and said: this Verse has not been abrogated nor changed, so how could he benefit from any repentance?"2 Nafi' said: "Abdullah bin ' Umar looked at the Ka'bah one day and said: 'How great you are , and how great is your sanctity; but the sanctity of a believer is greater in the Sight of Allah!" Abu Hurayrah 4, reported that the Prophet ;i said: "Abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (i.e., an evil-doing), and killing him is Kufr ( disbelief). " 3 The Prophet :i also said: "Beware! Do not renegade as disbelievers, after me, by striking the necks of one another."4 The Prophet :i said: "Whoever has killed a person who has a treaty with the Muslims, shall not smell the scent of Paradise, though its scent may be perceived from a distance of forty years. " 5 This is the punishment for the one who kills a disbeliever who is under a protection treaty; so what about the punishment for the one who kills a believer who worships none but Allah ~? The Prophet ;i said: "The passing of the whole world would mean less to Allah than the murder of a Muslim man."6