Enzi ya Marehemu ya Shaba, Peleset na Palaestina ya Kigiriki, Kirumi na Kibyzantium zilibadilishwa na Waarabu na kuwa Filastin chini ya Uislamu kuanzia mwaka 638.

Late Bronze Age Peleset and Hellenic/Roman/Byzantine Palaestina were adapted by the Arabs and became Filastin under Islam from 638

AD kuanzia hapo. Katikati ya karne ya 7 BK, idadi kubwa ya watu wa Palestina walikuwa Wakristo, hasa wakulima Wakristo wa Kipalestina waliozungumza lugha ya Kiaramu ya Kisiria, ambao waliendelea kuzungumza lugha ya Yesu katika kipindi chote cha mwanzo wa Uislamu. Hata hivyo, maandishi ya kwanza ya Kiarabu yaliyopatikana Palestina yanarejea katika vipindi vya Kirumi na Kibyzantini, na kwa karne kadhaa Waarabu walihusishwa kwa karibu na majimbo matatu ya Kibyzantini ya Palaestina; kwa hakika, chini ya Wabyzantini, Provincia Arabia yenyewe ilikuwa sehemu ya Palaestina Salutaris, ambayo mji wake mkuu ulikuwa Petra, mji mkuu wa zamani wa Waarabu Wanabatea. Pia, baada ya Waarabu kuitwaa Palestina katika karne ya 7, majina mengi ya mahali huko Palestina yaliyotumiwa na utawala wa Kibyzantini uliozungumza Kigiriki yaliendelea kutumiwa na utawala wa Kiarabu; kwa hiyo ndivyo zilivyotokea aina tatu za Kiarabu za Kigiriki cha Kibyzantini Παλαιστινη: Falastin, Filastin na Filistin (Schiller 2009:

AD onwards. In the mid-7th century the population of Palestine was predominantly Christian, mostly Palestinian Syriac Aramaic-speaking Christian peasants who continued to speak the language of Jesus throughout early Islam. However, the earliest Arabic inscriptions found in Palestine go back to the Roman and Byzantine periods, and for several centuries the Arabs were closely linked with the three Byzantine provinces of Palaestina; in fact, under the Byzantines Provincia Arabia itself became part of Palaestina Salutaris, with its capital located in Petra, the old capital of the Nabataean Arabs. Also after the Arabs took over Palestine in the 7th century many place names in Palestine that were used by the Greek-speaking Byzantine administration continued to be used by the Arab administration; hence the emergence of the three Arabic forms of Byzantine Παλαιστινη: Falastin, Filastin and Filistin (Schiller 2009:

85; Sharon 2003).

85; Sharon 2003).

Uwepo wa Waarabu huko Palestina ulitajwa na Herodotus katika karne ya 5 KK, na maandishi ya Kiarabu huko Palestina yaligunduliwa kutoka enzi ya Warumi. Kwa karibu sana na lugha ya Kiarabu ya Palestina ni Kiaramu cha Kisiriani cha Palestina, ambacho kilikuwa sehemu ya kundi la lugha za Kisemiti za kaskazini-magharibi na kilikuwa lugha ya watu wa kawaida nchini. Kiaramu cha Kisiriani cha Palestina kiliendelea kustawi katika kiwango cha wananchi wa kawaida, kisicho rasmi, katika Palestina ya Kirumi na ya Kibyzantini na katika Palestina ya mwanzo ya Kiislamu, na kikawa kinahusiana kwa karibu na lahaja ya kisasa ya Kiarabu ya Palestina.

The presence of Arabs in Palestine was noted by Herodotus in the 5th century BC and Arabic inscriptions in Palestine were discovered from the Roman era. Closely related to Palestinian Arabic is Palestinian Syriac Aramaic, which was part of the north-west Semitic group of languages and was the language of ordinary people in the country. Palestinian Syriac Aramaic continued to flourish at a non-official popular level in Roman and Byzantine Palestine and in early Islamic Palestine and became closely related to the modern Palestinian Arabic colloquial language.

Katika karne ya nne hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya saba, Waarabu wa Ghassan wa 'Palestina Tatu' walikuwa mabingwa na walinzi wa Kanisa la Kisiriani la Kimonofisiti.

In the 4th‒early 7th centuries the Ghassanid Arabs of the ‘Three Palestines’ were champions and protectors of the Syriac Monophysite Church.

Washairi wao, maaskofu na wafalme wao wanaozungumza Kiarabu (pamoja na maliwali wa Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda na Palaestina Tertia) lazima walifahamu si tu lugha ya kimataifa ya Dola ya Byzantium (Kigiriki), bali pia lahaja ya Kiaramu ya Kisiria iliyotumika katika Palestina kubwa zaidi.

Their Arabic-speaking poets, bishops and kings (and phylarchs of Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Tertia) must have been familiar not only with the lingua franca of the Byzantine Empire (Greek), but also with the Syriac Aramaic dialect of greater Palestine.

Lugha ya Kiaramaiki ya Palestina pia ilizungumzwa na Wayahudi wa Palestina wakati wa kipindi cha Kirumi na Byzantine (Sokoloff 2003). Leo hii, maneno mengi ya Kiaramaiki ya Palestina yanapatikana katika Kiarabu sanifu na katika lahaja ya kienyeji ya vijiji vingi vya Palestina. Pia, jambo la kuvutia ni kwamba mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20, wavumbuzi wa Kiebrania cha kisasa, waliokuwa Wazayuni wa Kiulaya, walikopa kwa wingi kutoka Kiaramaiki cha Palestina na msamiati wa Kigiriki cha kale, katika jitihada zao za kujenga hisia za kiasili na za kale kwa lugha hiyo.

Palestinian Aramaic was also spoken by Palestinian Jews during the Roman and Byzantine period (Sokoloff 2003). Today a significant number of Palestinian Aramaic words are found in both standard Arabic and in the vernacular language of many Palestinian villages. Also interestingly, in the early 20th century the European Zionist inventors of modern Hebrew, in pursuit of indigenising and antiquating strategies, borrowed heavily from Palestinian Aramaic and ancient Greek vocabulary.

Lugha ya Kiaramu ya Kipalestina pia imedumu katika idadi kubwa ya majina ya mahali ya kisasa ya Kipalestina na Kiarabu, ikiwa ni pamoja na:

Palestinian Aramaic has also survived in a large number of modern Palestinian and Arab toponyms including:

• Ramallah (Kiaramu ‘Ram’, yenye maana ya urefu, na ‘Allah’, neno la Kiarabu kwa Mungu), mji ambao ni makao makuu ya Mamlaka ya Taifa la Palestina.

• Ramallah (Aramaic ‘Ram’, meaning height, and ‘Allah’, the Arabic word for God), a city which is the headquarters of the Palestinian National Authority.

• Al-Rama (urefu), mji wa Kipalestina katika Galilaya ya juu.

• Al-Rama (height), a Palestinian town in upper Galilee.

• Al-Ram, mji wa Kipalestina kaskazini-mashariki mwa Yerusalemu.

• Al-Ram, a Palestinian town north-east of Jerusalem.

Al-Majdal (maana yake ni ngome), kijiji cha Kiarabu karibu na Tiberias ambacho wakazi wake waliondolewa na Israel mwaka 1948.

• Al-Majdal (meaning fortress), an Arab village near Tiberias depopulated by Israel in 1948.

Al-Majdal (‘Asqalan), mji wa kale wa Wafilisti.

• Al-Majdal (‘Asqalan), the ancient Philistine city.

• Majdal Shams, mji wa Waarabu wa Druze kaskazini mwa Milima ya Golan.

• Majdal Shams, a Druze Arab town north of the Golan Heights.

Al-Mujaydil, kijiji cha Kiarabu kusini-magharibi mwa Nazareti kilichoondolewa wakazi wake na Israeli mwaka 1948.

• Al-Mujaydil, an Arab village south-west of Nazareth depopulated by Israel in 1948.

• Al-Tur (mlima), jina la maeneo matatu ya milima huko Palestina.

• Al-Tur (mountain), the name of three mountainous place names in Palestine.