9.10 Neno "Filastin" katika Hati Isiyochapishwa ya Ruhi Al-Khalidi - Palestina: Historia ya Miaka Elfu Nne | Quran Course

9.10 Neno "Filastin" katika Hati Isiyochapishwa ya Ruhi Al-Khalidi - Palestina: Historia ya Miaka Elfu Nne | Quran Course

Leo, Maktaba ya al-Khalidiyyah ina mkusanyiko mkubwa wa hati za maandishi za historia ya Kiislamu na fiqh, mkusanyiko wa kienyeji uliojengwa na Wapalestina, pamoja na hati ya kipekee ya Kiarabu kuhusu historia ya Uzayuni wa kisiasa, iliyoandikwa na Ruhi al-Khalidi mwishoni mwa kipindi cha Waothmani. Hati hiyo ya al-Khalidi, isiyo na tarehe, imeandikwa kwa mkono wake mzuri wa Kiarabu, na ilitungwa miezi mingi, labda miaka kadhaa, kabla ya kifo chake mwaka 1913. Nilipata nafasi ya kuchunguza maandishi hayo katika Maktaba ya al-Khalidiyyah tarehe 22 Aprili 2017. Hati hii ya ajabu inaonekana kama rasimu ya kitabu ambayo haijakamilika, ambayo Ruhi al-Khalidi alionekana kuwa akiifanyia kazi kwa muda mrefu kabla ya kifo chake. Jambo la msingi ni kwamba katika maandishi yote anatumia mara kwa mara maneno Filastin ( فلسطين ) na turab Filastin ('udongo wa Palestina', تراب فلسطين ) kueleza matamanio ya Kizayuni na ukoloni wa walowezi katika nchi yake ya Palestina. Hati hiyo pia ina orodha ya makoloni ya Kizayuni nchini Palestina, pamoja na majina yao ya Kiebrania na majina ya Kiarabu ya Kipalestina yaliyokuwa yamebadilishwa au ambayo yalitokana nayo. Cha kuvutia, hakuna kutajwa katika hati hiyo kwa Suriyyah al-Janubiyyah ('Syria ya Kusini') kama njia mbadala ya kueleza Palestina ya Kiothmani. Badala yake, Ruhi al-Khalidi anataja 'Palestina ya Kirumi' na anarejelea Filastin chini ya Waothmani.

Today al-Khalidiyyah Library houses a large collection of Islamic historical and fiqh manuscripts, a local collection built by Palestinians, and a unique Arabic manuscript about the history of political Zionism written by Ruhi al-Khalidi in the late Ottoman period. Al-Khalidi’s undated manuscript, in his beautiful handwritten Arabic, was composed many months, perhaps several years, before his death in 1913. I had the chance of examining the text at the Khalidiyyah Library on 22 April 2017. The extraordinary manuscript looks like unfinished draft book which Ruhi al-Khalidi appeared to have been working on long before his death. Crucially, throughout the text repeatedly he uses the terms Filastin ( فلسطين ) and turab Filastin (‘soil of Palestine’, تراب فلسطين ) to describe Zionist ambitions and settler-colonisation in his own country of Palestine. The manuscript also contains a list of Zionist colonies in Palestine, with their Hebrew names and with the local Palestinian Arabic names they had either replaced or were named after. Interestingly, there is no mention in the manuscript of Suriyyah al-Janubiyyah (‘Southern Syria’) as an alternative way of describing Ottoman Palestine. Instead Ruhi al-Khalidi mentions ‘Roman Palestine’ and refers to Filastin under the Ottomans.

Tukio la al-Fulah lilikuwa "mada ya kampeni kali ya magazeti iliyokuwa na athari kubwa" kwa maoni ya umma wa Kiarabu wa huko (Beška 2016b: 4). Kwa kuakisi majadiliano ya kisiasa, istilahi na fasihi ya upinzani (Adab al-Muqawamah) ya uandishi wa habari wa mapema wa Kipalestina, neno la kijiografia-kisiasa Filastin, lililoenezwa awali na gazeti la Falastin, liliendelea kuunganishwa na urejeshaji wa taifa la Kipalestina na ujenzi wa taifa katika kipindi cha baada ya Nakba. Mwendelezo huo wa istilahi ulionekana wazi katika machapisho ya uandishi wa habari wa Kipalestina yaliyoandaa njia kwa kuibuka kwa harakati ya upinzani mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1950 na kuanzishwa kwa Shirika la Ukombozi wa Palestina (PLO) mapema miaka ya 1960. Jarida la kwanza la chinichini la Fateh (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini; ‘Harakati ya Ukombozi wa Kitaifa ya Kipalestina’), lililoanza kutolewa kila mwezi mwaka 1959 chini ya uhariri wa Khalil al-Wazir (1935‒1988), mkimbizi wa Kipalestina kutoka al-Ramla, mji mkuu wa zamani wa Jund Filastin, liliitwa Filastinuna, Nida al-Hayat ('Palestina Yetu, Wito wa Uhai'). Pia, Filastin ilikuwa nyongeza ya kila wiki ya gazeti la kuunga mkono Unasserism al-Muharrir (lenye maana ya Mkombozi au Mhariri), lililochapishwa mjini Beirut na kuhaririwa na Ghassan Kanafani (1936‒1972), mkimbizi wa Kipalestina kutoka Acre, mwandishi wa habari, mwandishi wa riwaya na baadaye mwanachama mashuhuri wa Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Rabbani 2005: 275).

The al-Fulah affair ‘became the subject of an intensive newspaper campaign which had a powerful impact’ on local Arab public opinion (Beška 2016b: 4). Echoing the political discourses, terminology and resistance literature (Adab al-Muqawamah) of early Palestinian journalism, the geo-political term Filastin, popularised initially by the newspaper Falastin, continued to be wedded to the Palestinian national recovery and nationbuilding in the post-Nakba period. The terminological continuities were evident in the Palestinian journalistic publications which paved the way for the emergence of the resistance movement in the late 1950s and founding of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) in the early 1960s. The first underground magazine of Fateh (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini; ‘Palestinian National Liberation Movement’), which began to appear monthly in 1959 – under the editorship of Khalil al-Wazir (1935‒1988), a Palestinian refugee from al-Ramla, the old capital of Jund Filastin – was called Filastinuna, Nida al-Hayat (‘Our Palestine, the Call to Life’). Also, Filastin was the weekly supplement of the pro-Nasserist newspaper al-Muharrir (meaning the Liberator or the Editor), published in Beirut and edited by Ghassan Kanafani (1936‒1972), a Palestinian refugee from Acre, a journalist, novelist and later a leading member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Rabbani 2005: 275).