Hukumu (al-hukm), ufalme (al-mulk) na mamlaka (al-sultan) zina maana moja, nayo ni mamlaka inayotekeleza sheria, au ni kazi ya uongozi (al-imarah) ambao Shari'a imewafanya Waislamu kuwa na wajibu wa kuuanzisha. Kazi ya al-imarah ni kuzuia dhulma na kutatua mizozo inayoweza kutokea. Kwa maneno mengine, hukumu inamaanisha ulezi, kama alivyoufunua Allah (SWT). Anasema:

Ruling (al-hukm), reign (al-mulk) and authority (al-sultan) have the same meaning which is the authority that executes the rules, or it is the task of the leadership (al-imarah) which the Shar’a has made an obligation on Muslims to establish. The task of al-imarah is to avert injustice and to settle disputes that may arise. In other words the ruling means the guardianship, as revealed by Allah (swt). He (swt) says:

“Mtiini Allah na mtiini Mtume na wale wenye mamlaka miongoni mwenu.” [TMQ An-Nisa: 59] Na Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

“Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those of you in authority.” [TMQ An- Nisa: 59] And He (swt) also says:

"Lau wangeliirejesha jambo hilo kwa Mtume na kwa wenye mamlaka miongoni mwao." [TMQ An-Nisa’: 83] Kwa hiyo, kutawala ni kusimamia kwa vitendo mambo ya watu.

“If they had only referred it to the Messenger and those among them with authority.” [TMQ An-Nisa’: 83] Therefore to rule is to actively look after the people’s affairs.

Kwa kuwa Uislamu ni itikadi inayogusa dola, jamii na maisha kwa ujumla, hukumu huwa sehemu yake, na Waislamu wameamrishwa kutekeleza hukumu hii kwa kusimamisha dola, yaani kutawala kwa sheria za Kiislamu. Aya nyingi zimeteremshwa katika Qur'ani zinazothibitisha wajibu wa kuhukumu kwa yale aliyoteremsha Allah (SWT). Allah (SWT) anasema:

Since Islam is an ideology that covers the state, society and life as a whole, the ruling becomes part of it, and the Muslims are commanded to implement this ruling by establishing the state i.e. to govern by the Islamic laws. A host of verses have been revealed in the Qur’an confirming the obligation of ruling by what Allah (swt) has revealed. Allah (swt) says:

Basi hukumu baina yao kwa yale aliyoyateremsha Mwenyezi Mungu, wala usifuate matamanio yao mbali na haki iliyokujia. [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 48]

“So judge between them by that which Allah has revealed and follow not their desires away from the truth that has come to you.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 48]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

"Wahukumu baina yao kwa yale ambayo Allah ameteremsha, wala usifuate matamanio yao, na jihadhari nao usije ukakupoteza na baadhi ya yale ambayo Allah amekuteremshia." [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 49]

“Judge between them by that which Allah has revealed and follow not their desires and beware of them lest they seduce you from some part of that which Allah has revealed to you.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 49]

Allah (SWT) anasema:

Allah (swt) says:

"Yeyote asiyehukumu kwa yale aliyoyateremsha Allah, basi hao ni makafiri." [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 44]

“Whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are disbelievers.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 44]

"Yeyote asiyehukumu kwa yale aliyoteremsha Allah, basi hao ndio madhalimu." [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 45]

“Whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are oppressors.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 45]

"Yeyote asiyehukumu kwa kile ambacho Mwenyezi Mungu ameteremsha, basi hao ndio wapotovu." [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 47]

“Whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are transgressors.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 47]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

“Lakini hapana, naapa kwa Mola wako, hawataamini kweli mpaka wakufanye hakimu katika mizozo yao yote, kisha wasione ndani ya nafsi zao upinzani dhidi ya hukumu zako, bali wazikubali kwa unyenyekevu kamili.” [TMQ 4:65]

“But no, by your Lord, they can have no (real) faith until they make you judge in all disputes between them and find in their souls no resistance against your decisions, but accept them with the fullest submission.” [TMQ 4:65]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

"Mtiini Mwenyezi Mungu na mtiini Mtume ﷺ na wale wenye mamlaka miongoni mwenu." [TMQ An- Nisa: 59]

“Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those of you in authority.” [TMQ An- Nisa: 59]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

"Na mkihukumu baina ya watu, hukumuni kwa uadilifu." [TMQ An-Nisa: 58]

“And if you judge between people, judge with justice.” [TMQ An-Nisa: 58]

Mbali na aya nyingi nyingine zinazohusu utawala na mamlaka, pia zimeteremshwa aya zinazotoa maelezo kuhusu maeneo mbalimbali ya utawala; baadhi zinahusu sheria za kijeshi, sheria za kisiasa, sheria za jinai, sheria za kijamii na sheria za miamala, pamoja na nyinginezo. Allah (SWT) anasema:

This is in addition to many other verses dealing with ruling as an authority and power. Other verses have also been revealed providing details with respect to the different areas of ruling; some regarding military legislation, political legislation, criminal legislation, social legislation and the legislation of transactions as well as others. Allah (swt) says:

"Pigananeni na wale makafiri walio karibu nanyi, na wawakute ukali ndani yenu." [TMQ At-Tauba: 123]

“Fight those of the disbelievers who are near you and let them find harshness in you.” [TMQ At-Tauba: 123]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

"Ukiwakuta vitani, washughulikie kwa namna ya kuwatia hofu wale walio nyuma yao, ili wapate kukumbuka. Na ukihofia hiyana kutoka kwa kundi lolote, litupie (mkataba wao) nao (kwa njia ya kuwa) sawa." [TMQ Al-Anfal: 57- 58]

“If you come on them in the war, deal with them so as to strike fear in those who are behind them, that they may remember. If you fear treachery from any group throw back (their covenant) to them (so as to be) on equal terms.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 57- 58]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

"Na wakielekea amani, nawe elekea kwayo, na mtegemee Allah." [TMQ Al-Anfal: 61]

“And if they incline to peace, incline you also to it, and trust in Allah.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 61]

Yeye (SWT) pia anasema:

He (swt) also says:

Enyi mlioamini, timizeni ahadi (mikataba). [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 1]

“O you who believe fulfil the contracts (undertakings).” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 1]

{Na msile kuliana mali zenu kwa batili, wala msizipeleke kwa mahakimu ili mle sehemu ya mali za watu kwa dhuluma, nanyi mnajua.} [TMQ Al-Baqarah: 188]

“And eat up not your property among yourselves in vanity, nor seek by it to gain the hearing of the judges that you may knowingly devour a portion of the property of the others wrongfully.” [TMQ Al-Baqarah: 188]

"Na katika kisasi mna uhai kwenu, enyi wenye akili." [TMQ Al-Baqarah: 179]

“And there is (a saving of life) life for you in (the law of) retaliation, O men of understanding.” [TMQ Al-Baqarah: 179]

"Kwa mwizi, mwanamume na mwanamke, kateni mikono yao, kama malipo ya tendo lao na adhabu ya mfano kutoka kwa Allah." [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 38]

“As for the thief, both male and female, cut off their hands, as a retribution for their deed and an exemplary punishment from Allah.” [TMQ Al-Ma’idah: 38]

"Kisha, wakiwanyonyesha kwa ajili yenu, wapeni malipo yao." [TMQ 65:6]

“Then, if they suckle for you, give them their due payment.” [TMQ 65:6]

Amtakayo mwenye wingi na atoe kwa wingi wake, na yule ambaye riziki yake imepimwa, na atoe kulingana na alichopewa na Allah. [TMQ At-Talaq: 7]

“Let him who has abundance spend of his abundance, and he whose provision is measured, let him spend according to what Allah has given him.” [TMQ At-Talaq: 7]

"Chukua sadaka katika mali yao, ambayo kwayo utawatakasa." [TMQ At-Tauba: 103]

“Take alms of their wealth, with which you may purify them.” [TMQ At-Tauba: 103]

Hivyo, tunaona mistari mikuu ya sheria katika vipengele vyake mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kijeshi, jinai, kisiasa na miamala, ikidhihirika katika aya mia kadhaa pamoja na Hadithi nyingi sahihi za Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, ambazo zote zimeteremshwa ili zitekelezwe na kutumika. Sheria hizo zimetekelezwa kwa vitendo wakati wa uhai wa Mtume ﷺ, katika kipindi cha Makhalifa Waongofu, pamoja na wakati wa utawala wa Makhalifa waliokuja baada yao. Hili linathibitisha tu kwamba Uislamu ni mfumo wa utawala na dola, wa jamii na maisha, na wa Ummah pamoja na watu binafsi. Pia linathibitisha kwamba dola haina mamlaka ya kutawala isipokuwa kama inashikamana na mfumo wa Kiislamu. Uislamu usingekuwepo isipokuwa uwe hai, ukiwakilishwa na dola inayotekeleza kanuni zake. Uislamu ni dini na itikadi, na dola pamoja na mfumo wa utawala ni sehemu yake. Dola ndicho chombo pekee cha kisheria ambacho Uislamu umeweka ili kutekeleza sheria zake na kuzitumikisha katika maisha ya umma. Uislamu usingekuwepo bila dola inayoutekeleza chini ya hali zote. Zaidi ya hayo, dola ni chombo cha kisiasa na cha kibinadamu, si cha kitakatifu wala cha kiroho. Haina utakatifu wa watakatifu, na kiongozi wake hana sifa za kutokosea.

Thus, we find the broad lines of the legislation in its various aspect, including the military, criminal, political and transactions evident in hundreds of verses in addition to the numerous sound Ahadith of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), which have all been revealed to be implemented and executed. They have effectively been implemented in the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), the period of the Khulafaa’ Ar-Rashidoon, as well as during the ruling of the Khulafaa’ who came after them. This could only prove that Islam is a system for ruling and state, for society and life, and for the Ummah and the individuals. It also proves that the state has no authority for ruling unless it adheres to the Islamic system. Islam would have no existence unless it was alive, represented by a state that implements its rules. Islam is a deen (religion) and an ideology, with the State and the ruling system being part of it. The State is the only legal body that Islam has laid down to implement its laws and execute them in public life. Islam would not exist without a state that implements it under all conditions. Furthermore, the State is a political and human entity, not a holy or spiritual one. It has no sainthood and its leader has no infallible characteristics.

Mfumo wa utawala ndio unaoamua umbo la Dola na tabia yake, msingi wake, nguzo zake na vyombo vyake, pamoja na msingi unaojengwa juu yake, pamoja na mawazo ya msingi, dhana na kipimo ambacho kwacho inasimamia mambo ya watu, pamoja na katiba na sheria inazotekeleza. Ni mfumo wa kipekee na tofauti kwa dola yenye sifa za kipekee na tofauti, ukiwa tofauti kabisa na mifumo mingine yote inayojulikana kwa wanadamu, iwe kwa upande wa msingi unaojengwa juu yake, au mawazo, dhana na vipimo ambavyo kwavyo unashughulikia mambo ya watu, au umbo unalochukua, au sheria na katiba inazotekeleza.

The ruling system is the one that determines the shape of the State and its character, its foundation, pillars and bodies, and the basis upon which it is built, together with the basic thoughts, concepts and the criterion with which it looks after the affairs, as well as the constitution and the laws it It is a distinct and unique system for a distinct and unique state, being totally different from all other systems known to mankind whether in terms of the basis upon which it is built or the thoughts, concepts and criteria with which it deals with people’s affairs, or the shape that it takes or the laws and constitution it implements.