7.3 Masharti yanayohitajika katika kumteua Msaidizi Mwakilishi
7.3 The conditions required in the appointing of the Delegated Assistant
Uteuzi wa msaidizi mwakilishi unahitaji masharti mawili: la kwanza ni kwamba apewe usimamizi wa jumla, na la pili ni kwamba awe naibu. Kwa hiyo, Khalifa amwambie: ‘Nakukabidhi yale ambayo ni yangu ili utekeleze kwa niaba yangu,’ au maneno mengine yoyote yenye maana hiyo yanayojumuisha usimamizi wa jumla na unaibu. Ikiwa uteuzi hautafanywa kwa misingi hii, basi hatakuwa Mu’awin, wala hatakuwa na mamlaka ya lazima ya Mu’awin, mpaka uteuzi wake ufanywe kwa misingi hii.
The appointing of the delegated assistant requires two conditions: The first is that He is given general supervision and the second is that He is a deputy. Therefore, the Khaleefah should say to him: ‘I assign to you what is to me so as to perform on my behalf,’ or any other words to that effect which include general supervision and deputation. If the assignment is not on these grounds, He would not become a Mu’awin and He would not enjoy the mandatory powers of Mu’awin until his appointment were to be made on these grounds.
Ushahidi wa hili ni hali halisi ya msaidizi, ambayo ni unaibu wa Khalifa. Unaibu, katika muktadha huu, ni mkataba (‘Aqd), na mikataba haitakuwa sahihi isipokuwa kwa maneno ya wazi. Kwa hiyo, katika kumteua msaidizi, inashurutishwa kwamba uteuzi huu ufanywe kwa maneno yanayomfanya awe naibu wa Khalifa. Zaidi ya hayo, hali halisi ya msaidizi ni kwamba anamiliki mamlaka yote ya lazima ambayo Khalifa anayafurahia katika kutawala. Hivyo, uteuzi lazima uwe wa jumla katika kila jambo, yaani lazima ujumuishe neno linaloonyesha kuzingatiwa kwa mambo kwa ujumla. Kwa maneno mengine, uteuzi unapaswa kujumuisha neno linaloonyesha kwamba msaidizi anafurahia mamlaka yote ya lazima ya utawala. Hili hufanyika kwa kumwambia, kwa mfano: “Nimekukabidhi yaliyo kwangu ili utende kwa niaba yangu”, au kusema: “Nimekuchukua kuwa Waziri kwa kutegemea utendaji wako kwa niaba yangu”, au maneno kama hayo. Hata hivyo, kumpa jukumu la jumla bila kutaja ‘kwa niaba yangu’ maana yake ni kumfanya kuwa mrithi wa kiti (Wilayat ul-’Ahd), si mkataba wa Wizara, na wadhifa wa mrithi wa kiti (Wilayat ul-’Ahd) ni batili, hivyo mkataba kama huo pia utakuwa batili. Ikiwa jukumu lilikuwa la unaibu tu, bila kutaja waziwazi jukumu lake la jumla, basi lingekuwa unaibu wenye utata kwa upande wa ujumla au ukomo, utekelezaji au ukabidhi, na kwa hiyo Wizara isingeanzishwa. Ikiwa Khalifa pia angemwambia, “wakilisha mimi katika mambo ya mahakama, au katika mambo ya polisi, elimu au kama hayo”, Wizara isingeanzishwa, na yeye asingekuwa msaidizi aliyekabidhiwa. Hii ni kwa sababu katika kumteua msaidizi aliyekabidhiwa, ni lazima kutumia maneno au istilahi zinazoonyesha hali halisi ya msaidizi, ambayo ni unaibu wa Khalifa na kumiliki mamlaka yake ya lazima. Kwa maneno mengine, ili mkataba wa Wizara uwe halali kwa msaidizi aliyekabidhiwa, ni lazima uwe na kipengele kinachoonyesha masharti mawili: ukabidhi wa jumla na uwakilishi. Ikiwa kipengele hicho hakionyeshi wazi masharti haya mawili, basi Wizara haitakabidhiwa kwa msaidizi aliyeteuliwa. Kwa kuwa kuteuliwa kwa wasaidizi ni miongoni mwa mambo ya Mubah, Khalifa anaruhusiwa kuteua msaidizi mmoja au zaidi. Iwapo Khalifa atateua zaidi ya Mu'awin mmoja, basi kila mmoja wao atapewa mamlaka sawa ya jumla aliyonayo Khalifa. Haitoruhusiwa kwa Khalifa kuteua Mu'awin wawili watakaoshiriki kwa pamoja usimamizi huo huo wa jumla, kwa kuwa Wilaya ya utawala ni moja. Kwa hiyo, akifanya hivyo, uteuzi wa wote wawili hautakuwa halali na utakuwa batili, kwa kuwa ni kumteua Amiri, na hilo linaweza kuwa kwa mtu mmoja tu. Hii ni kwa sababu Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema,
The evidence for this is the reality of the assistant’s function, which is deputyship of the Khaleefah. Deputisation, in this context, is a contract (‘Aqd), and contracts will not be valid except through explicit words. Therefore, it is conditional in appointing the assistant that this appointment is carried out in terms that make of Him a deputy to the Khaleefah. Furthermore, the reality of the assistant is that He possesses all the mandatory powers, which the Khaleefah enjoys in ruling. Hence, the appointment must be general in everything, i.e. it must include a term that indicates the general consideration of matters. In other words, appointment should include a term that indicates that the assistant enjoys all the mandatory powers of ruling. This is done by saying to Him for example; “ I assigned to you what is to me so as to act on my behalf ”, or to say “I took you as a Wazir depending on your action on behalf of me”, or the like. However, giving Him the general consideration without stating ‘on behalf of me’ means to become an heir apparent (Wilayat ul- ’Ahd) not a contract of Wizara, and the heir apparent (Wilayat ul-’Ahd) post is invalid, so such a contract would be invalid as well. If the assignment was limited to deputisation, without explicitly mentioning its general consideration, then it would become an ambiguous deputisation in terms of generality or specification, execution or delegation and accordingly the Wizara would not be convened. If the Khaleefah also said to him, “represent me in judicial matters, or in the matters of policing, education or the like”, the Wizara would not be convened and He would not be a delegated assistant. This is because it is necessary in appointing the delegated assistant to use words or terms that indicate the reality of the assistant, which is the deputyship of the Khaleefah and the possession of his mandatory powers. In other words, in order that the contract of the Wizara be convened for the delegated assistant, it should include a term that indicates two conditions; the general delegation and the deputisation. If the term did not clearly cover these two conditions, the Wizara would not be convened to the delegated assistant. Since the assignment of the assistants is one of the Mubah matters, then the Khaleefah is allowed to appoint one or more assistants. If the Khaleefah appointed more than one Mu’awin, then each of them would be given the same general consideration that the Khaleefah has. It would not be allowed for the Khaleefah to appoint two Mu’awins who would share collectively the same general supervision, since the Wilayah of ruling is singular. Therefore, if He did so, then the assignment of both would not be allowed and void, for it is an appointment of an Ameer and this could only be to one individual. This is because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
"Na wamteue mmoja miongoni mwao." Pia alisema ﷺ:
“Let them appoint one from among themselves.” He (pbuh) also said:
"Bila kumteua mmoja wao kuwa Amiri juu yao." Kwa hiyo, uteuzi huu wa mtu mmoja ni sharti katika kusihi kwa Uamiri.
“Without appointing one of them as an Ameer on them.” This singular appointment is therefore a condition in the validity of the Imara.