Qadhi Al-Mazaalim ni hakimu aliyeteuliwa kuondoa kila mazlema (dhuluma) inayofanywa na Dola dhidi ya mtu yeyote, iwe mtu huyo alikuwa raia wa Dola au mtu anayeishi chini ya mamlaka yake, na iwe Khalifa au wale wanaofanya kazi chini yake ndio waliotenda mazlema hiyo, wawe ni watawala au watumishi wa umma.

The Qadhi Al-Mazaalim is a judge appointed to remove every Mazlema (unjust act) perpetrated by the State against any person, whether this person was a citizen of the State or a person living under its authority, and whether the Khaleefah or those working under Him perpetrated this Mazlema, be they rulers or civil servants.

Ufafanuzi wa qadhi wa Mazaalim. Asili ya mahakama ya Mazaalim inatokana na simulizi zinazorejeshwa kwa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, ambapo alieleza vitendo vya dhuluma vinavyofanywa na mtawala wakati anapowatawala raia wake kuwa ni Mazlema. Anas alisimulia:

This is the definition of the judge of Mazaalim. The origin of the judiciary of Mazaalim is derived from reports referred to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), where He described the unjust acts perpetrated by the ruler while ruling over the subjects as being a Mazlema. Anas reported:

"Bei zilipanda wakati wa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, hivyo wakamwambia: 'Ewe Mjumbe wa Allah, kwa nini hutoi bei?' Akasema: 'Hakika Allah ndiye Mpokeaji, Mpanuaji wa riziki, Mtoaji, na Mpangaji wa bei, nami natumaini kumkuta Allah (SWT) bila kuwepo mtu yeyote anayenishtaki kwamba nimemfanyia Mazlema, iwe ni katika damu au katika mali.'" [Narrated by Ahmad]

“Prices soared during the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) so they said to him; ‘O Messenger of Allah why don’t you introduce pricing?’ He said; ‘Verily Allah is the Recipient, the Extender of wealth, the Provider, and the Pricer, and I hope that I will meet Allah (swt) without having anyone accusing me of having perpetrated a Mazlema against Him be it in blood or in money.’” [Narrated by Ahmad]

Yeye (ﷺ) kwa hiyo alihukumu kwamba kupanga bei ni dhulma, kwani kama angefanya hivyo, yaani kuanzisha upangaji wa bei, angekuwa amefanya bila haki stahiki aliyopewa. Pia alifanya masuala yanayogusa haki za umma ambazo Dola inazipanga kwa ajili ya watu kuwa sehemu ya Mazaalim, kama vile umwagiliaji wa mashamba ya kilimo kwa maji ya pamoja kwa zamu. Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) alichunguza mgogoro wa umwagiliaji uliotokea kati ya Az-Zubayr Ibnul-’Awwam na mtu mmoja wa Ansar. Yeye (ﷺ) alishuhudia jambo hilo binafsi, akamwambia Az-Zubayr: “Umwagilie kwanza, ee Zubayr, kisha uruhusu maji yamfikie jirani yako.” Kwa hiyo, dhulma yoyote inayotokea dhidi ya mtu yeyote, iwe imefanywa na mtawala, au kutokana na taasisi au amri za Dola, itachukuliwa kuwa dhulma, kama inavyopatikana katika Hadithi hizo mbili. Jambo hilo litapelekwa kwa Khalifa ashughulikie, au kwa yule ambaye Khalifa atamteua kuwa Qadhi al-Mazaalim kushughulikia mambo kama hayo kwa niaba yake.

He (pbuh), therefore judged pricing as being a Mazlema, for if He had done it, i.e. introduced pricing, He would have acted without a due right given to him. He (pbuh) also made the issues that affect the public rights that the State organises for the people as part of the Mazaalim, such as the irrigation of farming lands by common water in turn. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) looked into the dispute over irrigation that took place between Az-Zubayr Ibnul-’Awwam and a man of the Ansar. He (pbuh) witnessed it personally and said to Az-Zubayr; “You irrigate first O Zubayr and then let the water go to you neighbour.” Therefore, any Mazlema that occurs against any person, whether perpetrated by the ruler, or as a result of the State’s organisations or orders, would be considered as a Mazlema, as gathered from the two Ahadith. The matter would be referred to the Khaleefah to deal with or to whomever the Khaleefah appoints as Qadhi al-Mazaalim to deal with such matters on his behalf.