قال النبي ﷺ: «سِبابُ المسلمِ فسوقٌ، وقتالُه كفرٌ».1

The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Insulting a Muslim is an act of immorality and fighting him is an act of disbelief.”1

وقال ﷺ أيضًا: «سِبَابُ المسلمِ فُسُوقٌ، وقتالُه كُفْرٌ» — لا، بل الحديث المقصود: «لَعْنُ المؤمنِ كَقَتْلِه».2

He (pbuh) also said, "Cursing a believer is like killing him.”2

رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ: «لَا يَكُونُ اللَّعَّانُونَ شُفَعَاءَ وَلَا شُهَدَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ». وَوَرَدَ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ يَقُولُ: «لَيْسَ مِنْ خُلُقِ الْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يَكُونَ طَعَّانًا، وَلَا لَعَّانًا، وَلَا فَاحِشًا، وَلَا بَذِيئًا».3

Muslim narrated in his Sahih the following hadith that states, "Those who indulge in cursing others will not be intercessors or witnesses on the Day of Judgment.” Another hadith states, "It is not the character of a believer to indulge in slandering, cursing, or immoral talk.”3

قال رسول الله ﷺ: «إذا لعن العبد شيئاً صعدت اللعنة إلى السماء، فتغلق دونها أبواب السماء، ثم تهبط إلى الأرض فتغلق دونها أبواب الأرض، ثم تأخذ يميناً وشمالاً، فإذا لم تجد مساغاً رجعت إلى الذي لُعن، فإن كان أهلاً لذلك وإلا رجعت على الذي قالها».4

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "When a servant curses something, the curse rises up to the sky, where the doors of the sky shut it out, and then it falls back to earth, where the doors of the earth shut it out. Then it searches right and left and when it does not find anywhere to go it comes back to the thing which was cursed, should it deserve it. If not, it returns upon the person who uttered it.”4

قال عمران بن حصين: «بينما كان النبي ﷺ في سفرٍ، وكانت امرأةٌ من الأنصار على ناقةٍ لها، فضجرت فلعنتها، فسمع النبي ﷺ ذلك فقال: خذوا ما عليها وأرسلوها، فإنها ملعونة». قال عمران: فكأني أراها الآن تمشي في الناس، ما يعرض لها أحد.5

'Umran Ibn Husain said, "While the Prophet (pbuh) was on a journey, there was a woman of the Ansar riding a camel which annoyed her, where upon she cursed it. The Prophet (pbuh) heard this and said, "Take off what is on its back and release it, for it has been cursed." And it is as if I can still see it now, walking along among the people, no one stopping it.”5

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ مِنْ أَرْبَى الرِّبَا اسْتِطَالَةَ الرَّجُلِ فِي عِرْضِ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمِ» ﷺ [6]

On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah said, "The worst form of usury is the violation of the personal honor of a Muslim.” 6

قال عَمرو بن قيس: «إذا ركب الرجلُ دابتَه قالت: اللهم أَصلِحْه لي وسخِّرْه لي! وإذا لعنها قالت: على ظهري أعصى خلقِ الله وأعصى رسوله. لعن اللهُ مَن يركبني!» باب جواز لعن مَن يرتكب المعصية عند عدم تعيينه أو معرفته قال الله تعالى: {أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ} [هود: 18]

`Amr Ibn Qays said, "When a man rides on his mount, it says, "O Allah! Make him kind and merciful with me!' should he curse it, it would say, 'On my back is the worst disobedient to Allah and His Messenger. May Allah curse him (the man who rides it)!” The Permissibility of Cursing Those Who Commit Disobedience when they are not Personally Identified or Known Allah Most High says, {Behold! The curse of Allah is on those who do wrong!} (Hud: 18)

وقال أيضًا: {ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ} (آل عمران: ٦١)

He also says, {Then let us earnestly pray And invoke the curse of Allah on those who lie.} (Al-Imran: 61)

ومع ذلك، تؤكد أحاديث كثيرة أن النبي ﷺ قال: «لعن الله آكل الربا، وموكله، وكاتبه، وشاهديه».1

However, many hadiths verify that the Prophet (pbuh) said, "Allah has cursed the one who takes usury, the one who pays it, the one who writes the contract, and the one who witnesses the contract.”1

"لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ" — no, I need to translate the user's text as given. Here it is: "لَعَنَ اللهُ الْمُحَلِّلَ وَالْمُحَلَّلَ لَهُ." وَلَعَنَ اللهُ الزَّوْجَ الْأَوَّلَ أَيْضًا. "لَعَنَ اللهُ الْوَاصِلَاتِ وَالْمُسْتَوْصِلَاتِ، وَالْوَاشِمَاتِ وَالْمُسْتَوْشِمَاتِ، وَالْمُتَنَمِّصَاتِ وَالْمُتَفَلِّجَاتِ لِلْحُسْنِ، الْمُغَيِّرَاتِ لِخَلْقِ اللهِ." 2

"Allah curses the man who marries a woman after her divorce solely to permit her first husband to remarry her and He curses the first husband as well.” "Allah curses women who wear false hair or arrange it for others, who tattoo or have themselves tattooed, who separate their front teeth for beauty, altering what Allah has created.” 2

لعن الله المصورين3

"Allah curses those who make pictures.”3

لعن الله من غيّر منار الأرض

"Allah curses him who surreptitiously changes property-line markers.” 4

"لعن اللهُ مَنْ لعنَ والدَيْهِ"، "لعن اللهُ مَنْ سبَّ أمَّهُ". 5

"'Allah curses him who curses his parents.” "Allah curses him who insults his mother.” 5

لعن الله من أضلّ أعمى عن الطريق6

"Allah curses a man who misleads a blind person from the way.”6

لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلَ قَوْمِ لُوطٍ

"May Allah curse him who does what Lot's people did.” 7

لَعَنَ اللهُ مَنْ أَتَى كَاهِنًا فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَمَنْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا8

"Allah curses him who go to fortune-teller asking him about something, and the one who sodomizes a woman.”8

"المرأة التي تنوح بصوت عالٍ على الميت ملعونة." "ومن يؤمّ الناس في الصلاة وهم له كارهون، فهو ملعون." "لعن الله المرأة التي تبيت وزوجها عليها ساخط." "ومن سمع المؤذن يقول: حيّ على الصلاة، حيّ على الفلاح، فلم يُجب الدعوة، فهو ملعون."9

"The woman who loudly lament the dead is cursed.” "He who leads people in Prayer while they detest him is cursed.” "Allah curses a woman who sleeps the night while her husband is angry with her.” "The one who hears muezzin (caller to prayer) say, 'come to Prayer, come to Prosperity, , and does not answer the call is cursed.”9

«مَنْ ذَبَحَ لِغَيْرِ اللهِ فَهُوَ مَلْعُونٌ»10

"Whoever slaughters a sacrifice for the sake of any other than Allah is cursed.”10

لَعَنَ اللهُ السَّارِقَ11

"Allah curses the thief.”11

لَعْنَةُ اللهِ عَلَى مَنْ سَبَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ12

"The curse of Allah is upon whoever reviles the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh).”12

لعن النبيُّ ﷺ المُتَخَنِّثين من الرجال والمُترجِّلاتِ من النساء. لعن النبيُّ ﷺ الرجالَ المتشبِّهين بالنساء والنساءَ المتشبِّهاتِ بالرجال. لعن النبيُّ ﷺ الرجالَ الذين يلبسون لباس النساء والنساءَ اللواتي يلبسن لباس الرجال.1

"The Prophet (pbuh) cursed effeminate men and masculine women.” "The Prophet (pbuh) cursed men who imitate women and women who imitate men.” "The Prophet (pbuh) cursed men who wear women's clothing and women who wear men's.”1

لَعَنَ مَنْ أَفْسَدَ عَلَاقَةَ الزَّوْجَةِ بِزَوْجِهَا أَوْ عَلَاقَةَ الْخَادِمِ بِسَيِّدِهِ. لَعَنَ مَنْ جَامَعَ امْرَأَةً فِي حَيْضِهَا أَوْ أَتَى امْرَأَةً فِي دُبُرِهَا. لَعَنَ مَنْ أَشْهَرَ سِلَاحًا (أَوْ أَيَّ آلَةٍ أُخْرَى) فِي وَجْهِ أَخِيهِ. لَعَنَ مَنْ مَنَعَ الزَّكَاةَ. لَعَنَ مَنِ ادَّعَى كَذِبًا أَنَّ أَحَدًا أَبُوهُ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ. لَعَنَ مَنْ وَسَمَ أَوْ ضَرَبَ وَجْهَ الدَّوَابِّ. لَعَنَ مَنْ شَفَعَ لِمُجْرِمٍ فِي حَدٍّ مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ، وَيُلْعَنُ الْمُجْرِمُ أَيْضًا. لَعَنَ الزَّوْجَةَ الَّتِي تَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا. لَعَنَ الزَّوْجَةَ الَّتِي تَبِيتُ وَتَمْتَنِعُ عَنْ إِشْبَاعِ حَاجَةِ زَوْجِهَا الْجِنْسِيَّةِ حَتَّى يَسْتَسْلِمَ لِرَغْبَتِهِ. لَعَنَ مَنْ أَتَى غُلَامًا فِي دُبُرِهِ وَمَنْ مُكِّنَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْخَمْرَ، وَلَعَنَ شَارِبَهَا، وَسَاقِيَهَا، وَبَائِعَهَا، وَمُبْتَاعَهَا، وَعَاصِرَهَا، وَمُعْتَصِرَهَا، وَحَامِلَهَا، وَالْمَحْمُولَةَ إِلَيْهِ، وَآكِلَ ثَمَنِهَا. ثَلَاثَةٌ الْمَلْعُونُونَ الَّذِينَ أَلْعَنُهُمْ، وَيَلْعَنُهُمُ اللَّهُ، وَيَلْعَنُهُمْ كُلُّ نَبِيٍّ مُجَابُ الدَّعْوَةِ: مَنْ كَذَّبَ بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ زَادَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ تَسَلَّطَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِالْجَبَرُوتِ لِيُعِزَّ مَنْ أَذَلَّ اللَّهُ وَيُذِلَّ مَنْ أَعَزَّ اللَّهُ، وَمَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ حَرَمِ اللَّهِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ، وَمَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ عِتْرَتِي مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ (كَالسَّبِّ وَالشَّتْمِ)، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ سُنَّتِي اسْتِخْفَافًا بِهَا. لَعَنَ مَنْ زَنَى بِامْرَأَةِ جَارِهِ. لَعَنَ مَنْ كَتَمَ الْعِلْمَ. لَعَنَ مَنْ يَعْبَثُ بِذَكَرِهِ (الِاسْتِمْنَاءَ)، وَمَنْ زَنَى بِأُمِّهِ أَوْ بِابْنَتِهِ. لَعَنَ مَنِ احْتَكَرَ الطَّعَامَ حَتَّى يَغْلُوَ ثَمَنُهُ. لَعَنَ الرَّاشِيَ وَالْمُرْتَشِيَ وَالرَّائِشَ. لَعَنَ الْحَاكِمَ الْغَشُومَ. لَعَنَ الرِّجَالَ وَالنِّسَاءَ الَّذِينَ يَتَعَمَّدُونَ تَرْكَ الزَّوَاجِ. لَعَنَ مَنْ أَتَى بَهِيمَةً. يجوز (ولكن لا يُثاب عليه عند الله) لعن من اتصف بصفات مذمومة، بأن يقال: "لعن الله الظالمين"، و"لعن الله المفسدين"، و"لعن الله المصورين"، وما شابه ذلك.

"He cursed the one who corrupts the relation between a wife and her husband or between servant and his master.” "He cursed the one who has intercourse with a woman during her period or sodomizes a woman.” "He cursed the one who points a blade (or any other weapon) at his brother." "He cursed him who refuses to give Zakat." "He cursed him who falsely claims someone is his father, knowing he is not.” "He cursed whoever brands or strikes the face of livestock." "He cursed the one who intercedes on behalf of a criminal concerning a decree of Allah and the criminal is cursed as well." "He cursed the wife who goes out from her house without the permission of her husband.” "He cursed the wife who passes the night refusing to satisfy the sexual needs of her husband until she submits to her husband's desire." "He cursed the one who sodomizes and the one who lets it be done to him.” "Allah has cursed wine, and whoever drinks it, pours it, sells it, buys it, presses it for another, presses it for himself; carries it, accepts its delivery, or ears its price. " "There are six whom I curse, Allah curses, and who are cursed by every prophet whose supplications are answered:he who denies Allah's Destiny, he who adds anything to Allah's Book, he who rules arrogantly, he who considers what Allah has prohibited to be lawful, he who deems it permissible to treat my family in ways Allah has forbidden ( such as insulting or reviling them), and he who abandons my Sunnah (out of disdain for it)." "He cursed the one who fornicates with his neighbor's wife." "He curses him who conceals knowledge.” "He curses him who practices masturbation and who fornicates with his mother or his daughter.” "He cursed the one who hoards goods until the price rises.” "He cursed the one who offers a bribe, the one who receives it, and the one who arranges it.” "He cursed the harsh ruler.” "He cursed men and women who refrain from marriage." "He cursed the one who sodomizes an animal.” It is permissible (but not rewarded by Allah) to curse those who possess blameworthy characteristics, by saying, "Allah curses oppressors," "Allah curses the corrupt," "Allah curses picture-makers," and so forth.

أما لعن شخص بعينه يرتكب معصية ما، كالظالم، والزاني، والمصوِّر، والسارق، والمتعامل بالربا، فإن ظاهر الأحاديث يدل على أنه ليس محرّمًا، وقد ذكر الغزالي أن ذلك محرَّم، وهو الرأي الأرجح، إلا إذا كان الملعون ممن نعلم أنه مات على الكفر، كأبي لهب، وأبي جهل، وفرعون، وهامان، ومن كان على شاكلتهم. وعلّل الغزالي ذلك بأن "اللعن معناه إبعاد الشخص عن رحمة الله تعالى، ونحن لا نعلم كيف تكون خاتمة هذا الفاسق المعيَّن أو الكافر". أما الذين لعنهم النبي ﷺ بأعيانهم، كقبائل رِعْل وذكوان وعُصَيَّة، فلعله كان يعلم أنهم يموتون على الكفر. والدعاء على الشخص بالشر يشبه اللعن، حتى لو كان على ظالم، كأن يقال: "لا شفاه الله"، و"لا حفظه الله"، ونحو ذلك، وكلها مذمومة (محرّمة إن كان المدعو عليه مسلمًا). وكذلك لعن أي حيوان أو جماد كان، فكل ذلك مستنكر. ولذلك يقول العلماء: "من لعن من لا يستحق اللعن، فليقيّده بقوله: إن كان يستحق ذلك". ويجوز لمن يدعو إلى الخير وينهى عن الشر أن يخاطب المخاطَب بقوله: "ويلك"، و"يا من ظلم نفسه"، ونحو ذلك، بشرط أن يتجنب الكذب والبهتان والقذف والسب. وأن يكون مقصده من ذلك الوعظ والنصح، لا الإهانة والتجريح للناس.

As for cursing a particular person who commits some act of disobedience, such as an oppressor, adulterer, maker of pictures, the thief, or the one who consumes usurious gain; the hadith evidence seems to suggest that it is not unlawful, though Ghazali indicates (and it is the most reliable opinion) that is unlawful unless the person cursed is someone we know has died in a state of unbelief, such as Abu Lahab, Abu Jahl, Pharaoh, Haman, and others like them. This, Ghazali notes, is because "to curse means to distance another from the mercy of Allah Most High, while we do not know how the particular corrupt person or non-Muslim will end his life." As for those the Prophet (pbuh) personally cursed such as the tribes of Ri'la, Zakwan and 'Usiah, perhaps it was because he knew they would die in unbelief. Praying that evil befalls a person is similar to cursing, even when against a tyrant, such as saying, 'May Allah not heal him,' 'May Allah not keep him safe,' and similar remarks, all of which are blameworthy (being unlawful, if of a Muslim). And likewise for cursing any animals or inanimate objects whatever, all this is objectionable." The scholars therefore say, "Whoever curses someone who does not deserve so, let the former modify it by saying, if he deserves to be cursed.'" It is permissible for one who invites to good and forbids evil to address someone saying, "woe to you', "O you who have wronged his own self" and the like. Provided that he should avoid lying defamation, slander. Besides this, his objective should be admonishing and not insulting people.