وهذا يشمل ظلمَ الضعيف، والعبدِ، والأمةِ، والزوجةِ، والدابةِ. وقد أمرنا اللهُ تعالى، وهو الحكيم، أن نعامل هذه الأصنافَ بالإحسان، فقال: {وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ۖ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا} [النساء: ٣٦].

This includes overbearing the weak, the male slave, the female slave, the wife and the beast. Allah, the Almighty ordered us to deal in kindness towards these varieties. He said, {Serve Allah and join not any partners with Him, and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, those in need, neighbors who are of kin, neighbors who are strangers, the companion by your side, the way-fairer( ye meet) and what your right hands possess: for Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious} (An-Nisa': 36)

فيما يتعلق بقول الله تعالى: {وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا} قال الواحدي: حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم المهرجاني عن معاذ بن جبل رضي الله عنه قال: كنتُ رديف النبي ﷺ على حمار، فقال: "يا معاذ"، فقلت: لبيك يا رسول الله وسعديك. فقال: "هل تدري ما حق الله على العباد، وما حق العباد على الله؟" قلت: الله ورسوله أعلم. قال: "حق الله على العباد أن يعبدوه ولا يشركوا به شيئا، وحق العباد على الله أن لا يعذب من لا يشرك به شيئا". [1]

Concerning Allah's saying, {Serve Allah, and join not any partners with Him} Al-Wahidi said "Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Mahragjani told us on the authority of Mu'adh Ibn Jabal (may Allah be please with him) who said, once I was riding behind the Prophet (pbuh) on a donkey. The Prophet said, O Mu'adh, I said, here I am! At your service O Messenger of Allah. He said, "Do you know what are the rights of Allah towards His servants and what are the rights of the servants towards their Lord? I said, "Allah and His Messenger know best. He said, "The rights of Allah towards His servants is to worship Him and ascribe not any partners unto Him and the right of servants towards their Lord is to torment not the one who does not ascribe any partner unto Him.” 1

عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، أَوْصِنِي؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللهِ شَيْئًا، وَإِنْ قُطِّعْتَ وَحُرِّقْتَ، وَلَا تُؤَخِّرِ الصَّلَاةَ عَنْ وَقْتِهَا فَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةُ اللهِ، وَلَا تَشْرَبِ الْخَمْرَ فَإِنَّهَا مِفْتَاحُ كُلِّ شَرٍّ».2

On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "Once a bedouin came to the Prophet (pbuh) and said, O the Prophet of Allah, counsel me? The Prophet said, "Do not ascribe anything unto Allah, even if you are cut up into pieces or burnt and do not delay the prayer from its appointed times for it is the trust of Allah. And do not drink wine for it is the key of every evil.”2

قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا﴾ ومعنى ذلك أن على الإنسان أن يعامل والديه بلطف وأن يكون رحيمًا بهما، فلا يكون فظًّا في ردّه عليهما، وأن يكون بين أيديهما كالعبد بين يدي سيّده. ﴿وَذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ أي أن على الإنسان أن يحسن صلته بذوي قرابته وأن يكون لطيفًا معهم. ﴿وَالْيَتَامَى﴾ أن يكون الإنسان رحيمًا بهم، وأن يمسح على رؤوسهم. ﴿وَالْمَسَاكِينِ﴾ بأن ينفق عليهم شيئًا من ماله ويردّ إليهم الشكر. ﴿وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ أي الجار الذي له قرابة معك، وهو الذي تربطك به صلة رحم، وله حقّ القرابة وحقّ الجوار وحقّ الإسلام. ﴿وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ﴾ وهو الجار الذي لا قرابة بينك وبينه.

Allah, the Almighty said, {and do good to parents} this means that the person should deal gently and be kind to his parents. He should not be harsh in his response to them. He should be before them as the slave before his master. {Kinsfolk} Allah means that theperson should have good relations with them and be kind towards them. {Orphans} the person should be merciful towards them and rub their heads. Those in need, By spending some of his money and returning gratitude. Neighbors who are of kin, means those with whom you have a kinship. They have the right of kinship, the right of a neighborhood and the right of Islam. Neighbors who are "strangers" are those with whom you have no kinship.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ».

On the authority of ' Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) "The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Gabriel continued to counsel me concerning the neighbor until I thought that he would designate to him a share of inheritance.” 1

عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ

On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh)

قال ﷺ: «يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ يَتَعَلَّقُ الجَارُ بِجَارِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ، هَذَا أَعْطَيْتَهُ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النِّعَمِ وَحَرَمْتَنِي، بِتُّ جَائِعًا وَهُوَ شَبْعَانُ، فَاسْأَلْهُ لِمَ بَخِلَ عَلَيَّ وَمَنَعَنِي مِنْ نِعَمِكَ الَّتِي أَعْطَيْتَهُ؟» ٢

said, "On the Day of Judgment, the neighbor will hang himself to his neighbor saying, "0 Lord, you granted my brother many blessings and deprived me any. I spent my night suffering the hunger while he was very satisfied. Ask him why he was very stingy and prevented me any of the blessings You granted to him.” 2

وفي قول الله تعالى: {وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ}، قال ابن عباس ومجاهد: هو الذي يصحبك في السفر، وله حق الجار وحق الصحبة. (وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ) هو المسافر الضعيف، وينبغي أن ترشده إلى ما يريد. قال ابن عباس: ينبغي للإنسان أن يستقبل المسافر بالضيافة، وأن يطعمه حتى يمضي. (وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ) أي: العبيد ذكورًا كانوا أو إناثًا. ينبغي للإنسان أن ينفق عليه، وأن يعفو عن زلاته. وفي قول الله تعالى: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا}، قال ابن عباس: المختال هو الذي يتعاظم في نفسه ويتكبر، فلا يراعي حقوق الله. والفخور: هو الذي يفاخر الناس ويتعالى عليهم بالنعم التي أنعم الله بها عليه.

Concerning Allah's saying, {The companion be our side} Ibn `Abbas and Mujahidsaid, he is the one who accompanies you in travel, he has the right of the neighbor and the right of companionship. (The wayfarer is the weak and you should guide him to what he wants. Ibn `Abbas said a person should receive the wayfarer with hospitality and should feed him until he goes away." What your right hands possess, they are the slaves, whether male or female. The person should provide for him and should forgive him his mistakes. Concerning Allah's saying, {for Allah loveth not the arrogant, the vainglorious}, Ibn 'Abbas said, "What is meant by arrogant is the one who exalted in himself (very proud) who does not observe Allah's rights. By the vainglorious, Allah means the one who exalts himself over people by the blessings which Allah has granted him.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ يَمْشِي فِي حُلَّةٍ، يُعْجِبُهُ شَأْنُهَا، إِذْ خَسَفَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ، فَهُوَ يَتَجَلْجَلُ فِيهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ». وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ جَرَّ ثَوْبَهُ خُيَلَاءَ، لَمْ يَنْظُرِ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ».

On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "While a man, from those who preceded you, wearing a garment was walking arrogantly and in a vainglorious way, he was swallowed by the earth and he will be driven in it until the Day of Judgment." Usamah said I heard Ibn 'Umar saying, “I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying, "Whoever drags his clothes out of conceit, Allah will not look at him on the Day of Judgment.” 3

في هذا المرض الذي تُوفي فيه، كان رسول الله ﷺ يوصي الناس بالصلاة وبما ملكت أيمانهم، ويقول: «الله الله في الصلاة وما ملكت أيمانكم». 4

In this death disease, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to advise people with prayer and with what their right hands possess saying, “Allah, Allah, be heedful of prayer and what your right hands possess.” 4

وفي رواية أخرى، رُوي أنّه قال: «حُسن معاملة ما يملكه الإنسان من الشؤم». 5 Wait, that's a mistranslation; correct it: وفي رواية أخرى، رُوي أنّه قال: «حُسْنُ مُعاملةِ ما يملكه المرءُ من الْيُمْنِ، وسوءُ مُعاملتِهِ من الشُّؤْمِ». 5

In another narration, it is reported that, "Good treatment of what the person owns is a good omen and ill-treatment is a bad omen.” 5

قال رسول الله ﷺ: «لا يدخل الجنة من كان سيئ الملكة». 6

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "The one who treat what he owns in an evil way will never enter Paradise.” 6

قال ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه: «كنتُ أضرب غلامًا لي بالسوط، فسمعتُ صوتًا من خلفي يقول: "اعلم يا أبا مسعود، أن الله أقدر عليك منك على هذا الغلام"، فالتفتُّ فإذا هو رسول الله ﷺ». قال ابن مسعود: «فلا أضرب مملوكًا بعدها أبدًا». وفي رواية أخرى: «فسقط السوط من يدي من هيبة رسول الله ﷺ». وفي رواية ثالثة، قال: «فقلتُ: هو حرٌّ لوجه الله. فقال: أما لو لم تفعل، للفحتك النار». [1]

Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Once I was beating my slave with a whip and I heard a voice from behind me saying, "0 Abu Mas'ud, know that Allah is more able than you on this slave" Ibn Mas'ud said, " I will never beat any slave again 'f In another narration, (the whip fell down from my hand because of the fear of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in another, "I said, he is free for the sake of Allah, the man said, if you did not do it, the fire would scorch you.” 1

وأخرج الإمامُ مسلمٌ أيضًا من حديثِ ابنِ عمرَ رضيَ اللهُ عنهما، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «مَن ضرَبَ مملوكَهُ بغيرِ ما فعلَ، أو لطمَهُ، فكفارتُهُ أن يُعتِقَهُ». 2

Imam Muslim also reported that from the hadith of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Whoever beats his slave for something which he did not do, or slaps him, its expiation is to free him.” 2

قال حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «إن الله يعذب الذين يعذبون الناس في الدنيا» ٣

Hakim fun Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) said that, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Allah will torture those who torture people in this worldly life” 3

وفي روايةٍ أخرى ورد: «مَنْ ضرب أحدًا بالسوط ظلمًا، اقتُصَّ منه يوم القيامة». [4]

In another narration, it is also reported, "Whoever unjustly beats anyone with a whip, it will be retaliated on him on the Day of Judgment.” 4

سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: كَمْ مَرَّةً نَعْفُو عَنِ الْخَادِمِ؟ فَقَالَ: "سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فِي الْيَوْمِ." 5

The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was asked, "How many times should we forgive the servant? He replied, "Seventy times a day.” 5

مرَّةً كان النبيُّ ﷺ يمسكُ سِواكًا بيدِه، فنادى خادمَه، فتأخَّر عليه بضعَ دقائقَ. فقال النبيُّ ﷺ: «لولا القِصاصُ لضربتُكَ بهذا السِّواكِ». [6]

Once the Prophet (pbuh) was holding a Siwak (tooth-stick) in his hands and he called his servant, but he was late for some minutes. The Prophet said, "If there was no retaliation, I would beat you with this Siwak.” 6

أبو هريرة رضي الله عنه كانت له جارية سوداء، فرفع عليها سوطاً، فقال: «لولا القصاص لضربتُكِ حتى تُغشى عليكِ، ولكني سأبيعكِ لمن يدفع ثمنكِ كاملاً مني»، فأعتقها لوجه الله.

Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) had a black slave girl and he raised a whip on her but he said, "If there was no retaliation, I would beat you until you fell unconscious but I will sell you to the One Who will pay your price in full from me and he freed her for the sake of Allah.

ذات مرة، جاءت امرأةٌ إلى النبي ﷺ فقالت: «يا رسولَ الله، قلتُ لجاريتي: يا زانية! فقال: أهيَ كما تقولين؟ قالت: لا. فقال: إنها ستطالبك بالقصاص يوم القيامة». فرجعت إلى جاريتها فأعطتها سوطًا وقالت لها: «اضربيني». فامتنعت الجارية من ذلك، فأعتقتها ورجعت إلى النبي ﷺ فأخبرته بذلك، فقال: «كفّارةٌ لما قلتِه من قذفها بذلك».

Once, a woman came to the Prophet (pbuh) and said, "0 Messenger of Allah, I said to my slave girl, '0 adulteress! He said, 'Is she truly as you say?' She said, 'No' He said, 'She would seek justice from you on the Day of Judgment.’ Thereupon, she returned to her slave girl and gave her a whip and said to her 'beat me.' The salve girl refused to do so. She freed her and returned to the Prophet (pbuh) and told him about that. He said, 'May what you did be an expiation for your accusing her of such a thing.” 7

في الصحيحين، قال رسول الله ﷺ: «مَن قَذَفَ مَملوكَه وهو بريءٌ مما قال، جُلِدَ يومَ القيامةِ حدًّا، إلا أن يكونَ كما قال». 8

In the two Sahihs, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Whoever charged his slave with an accusation while he is innocent from it, he will be flogged on the Day of Judgment as retaliation unless he was as he said.” 8

وفي رواية أخرى: «يُطعَم العبدُ ويُكسَى، ولا يُكلَّف من العمل ما لا يُطيق».

In another narration, "The slave should be fed and clothed and should not be burdened with something beyond his capacity.” 1

في مرض موته، كان رسول الله ﷺ يوصي أصحابه قائلاً: «الصلاةَ الصلاةَ، وما ملكت أيمانكم. أطعموهم مما تأكلون، واكسوهم مما تكسون، ولا تكلفوهم ما يغلبهم، فإن كلفتموهم فأعينوهم. ولا تعذبوا خلق الله، فإن الله ملككم إياهم». 2

In his death-disease, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to advise his Companions saying, "Be heedful of prayer and of those whom your right hands possess. Feed them from what you feed yourselves and clothe them from what you clothe yourselves. Do not burden them with something beyond their capacity. In case you burden them, you should help them to fulfill it. Do not torment the creatures of Allah, for Allah made you the owners.” 2

مرّةً دخل قومٌ على سلمانَ الفارسيِّ (رضيَ اللهُ عنه) وهو والٍ على المدائنِ، فوجدوه يعجنُ عجينًا لأهلِه. فقالوا له: ألا تَدَعُ الجاريةَ تكفيكَ هذا؟ فقالَ (رضيَ اللهُ عنه): "بعثناها في بعضِ حاجاتِنا، وكرهنا أن نُثقلَ عليها بعملٍ آخرَ." وقالَ بعضُ السلفِ: "لا تضربِ الخادمَ على كلِّ ذنبٍ، بل عُدَّ له ذنوبَه. فإن عصى اللهَ فيه، فاضربْه على ذلك، وذكِّرْه بذنوبِه."

Once, a group of people entered upon Salman AI-Parisi (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was the governor of AI-Mada'in and they found him soaking a paste for his family. They said to him, would you not leave the slave girl to do this? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "We sent her for some concerns (affairs) and we hated to burden her with another thing." An early Muslim said, "Do not beat the slave for every fault, but count them for him. And in case he disobeyed Allah, beat him for this and remind him with his faults.

إنَّ التفريقَ بين العبدِ، ذكراً كان أو أنثى، وبين أولادِه أو إخوانِه، ظلمٌ فاحشٌ وإيذاءٌ شنيعٌ. وقد رُويَ عن النبيِّ ﷺ أنه قال: «مَنْ فرَّقَ بين السَّبِيِّ ووالدِهِ، أو بين الوالدةِ وولدِها، فرَّقَ اللهُ بينه وبين أحبَّتِهِ يومَ القيامةِ». [3]

It is heinous maltreatment to the slave, both male and female to separate him from his children or his brothers. The Prophet (pbuh) isreported to have said, "Whoever separates a slave and his/her children, Allah will separate him and his beloved ones on the Day of Judgment.” 3

عن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه، قال: "أعطاني رسول الله ﷺ غلامين أخوين، فبعت أحدهما، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: «ردّه، ردّه»." ٤

Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah honor his face) said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) granted me two slave brothers. I sold one of them and thereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Bring him back again and repeated it.” 4

ومن أعظم الظلم أيضًا للعبد والأمة والبهائم أن تُترك حتى تغضب. وقد ثبت عن رسول الله ﷺ أنه قال: «كفى بالمرء إثمًا أن يحبس عمّن يملك قوت». [5]

It is also a heinous maltreatment to both the slave, male and female and to beasts to leave them until they get angry. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) is reported to have said, "It is a sufficient sin for a person to prevent those whom he owns his food.” 5

إن من الظلم للدابة أن تُعامَل معاملةً قاسية، أو تُحبَس، أو تُحرَم من طعامها، أو تُحمَّل ما فوق طاقتها. وفي ذلك يقول الله تعالى: {وَمَا مِن دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلَّا أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُم}

It is mistreatment to a beast if it is: treated in a harsh manner, imprisoned, deprived of its food, or to burden it with that which is beyond its capacity. Concerning this Allah says, {There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of)

{أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُم} (الأنعام: ٣٨)

communities like you} (AI-An'am: 38)

روي أنه قال: «يُحشر الخلائق يوم القيامة، ويُحشر الناس، وبينما الناس قيام يكون القضاء بين البهائم إلى حدّ أن الشاة الجمّاء تقتصّ من القرناء، والذرّة من الأخرى». ثم يُقال لهم: «كونوا تراباً». فعند ذلك يقول الكافر: «يا ليتني كنت تراباً!» هذا دليل على أن القضاء سيكون بين البهائم وبين الإنسان، إلى حدّ أنه لو ضرب إنسان دابة ظلماً، أو أظمأها، أو منعها الطعام، أو حمّلها ما لا تطيق، فإنها تقتصّ منه يوم القيامة بمثل ذلك. ويدلّ على ذلك ما في الصحيحين: عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «عُذّبت امرأة في هرّة حبستها حتى ماتت، فدخلت فيها النار، لا هي أطعمتها ولا سقتها إذ هي حبستها، ولا هي تركتها تأكل من خشاش الأرض». [١]

It is reported that, "These communities will be brought on the Day of Judgment while the people will be brought on the Day of Judgment. While the people are standing, there will be judgment amongst the animals to such an extent that the bald-headed sheep will retaliate from the horny and the atom from another.. Then it will be said to them, 'Be dust.’ At this moment the disbeliever will say, "Woe unto me! Would that I were (mere) dust! “ 6 This is evidence that there will be Judgment between the animals and the human being to such an extent that if a person unjustly beat an animal, or made it thirsty, prevented it food, or burdened it with that which is beyond its capacity, it will retaliate against him on the Day of Judgment in an equal way. To support this, we have the following evidence from the two Sahihs: Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "A woman was tortured for a cat she imprisoned until it died. She went to Hell because of it, having neither fed it nor watered it, for she confined it and would not let it go to forage on the small creatures of the earth.” 1

في صحيح البخاري، ورد أنّ "رسولَ اللهِ ﷺ رأى (في منامه) امرأةً تُعذَّبُ في النارِ، وقطةً تخمشُ وجهَها وصدرَها وتعذّبُها كما كانت تعذّبُها في الدنيا بحبسِها وعدمِ إطعامِها".

In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is reported that, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saw (in his dream) a woman hanged in the Hell and a cat scratching her face and breast and torturing her as she tortured it in worldly life by imprisoning it and preventing it the food.” 2

هذا يُطبَّق على جميع أنواع الحيوانات. وبالمثل، فإن من يُحمِّل الحيوانات ما يفوق طاقتها، فإنها ستقتصّ منه يوم القيامة. وقد روى البخاري في صحيحه أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: «بَيْنَما رَجُلٌ يَسُوقُ بَقَرَةً، إذ رَكِبَها فَضَرَبَها، فَقالَتْ: إنَّا لَمْ نُخْلَقْ لِهذا، إنَّما خُلِقْنا لِلْحَرْثِ». [3]

This is applied to all kinds of animals. By the same token, the one who burdens the animals with that which beyond their capacity, they will retaliate against him on the Day of Judgment. In Sahih Al Bukhari, it is reported that, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Once there was a man driving a cow, he mounted it and beat it. Consequently, it said, "We have not been created for this, but for ploughing.” 3

هذه بقرةٌ، وقد جعل اللهُ لها الكلام لتدافع عن نفسها ضد الظلم، أو لتُستعمَل فيما يُخالف الغرضَ الذي خُلقت له. فمن حمّل حيواناً ظلماً ما لا يطيق، فإنه يُقتَصّ له منه يوم القيامة بالمثل.

This is a cow and Allah caused it to speak to defend itself against oppression or to be used for something contrary to that for which it was created. Therefore, whoever unjustly burdens an animal with something beyond its ability, it will retaliate from him on the Day of Judgment in an equal way.

قال أبو سليمان الداراني: ركبتُ يوماً حماراً فضربتُه مرتين أو ثلاثاً، فرفع رأسه وقال: يا أبا سليمان، سيكون قصاص يوم القيامة. فاحتقر (ذلك) أو زد (في الضرب) كما شئت! قال أبو سليمان: فلم أضرب شيئاً بعدها أبداً.

Abu Sulaiman AI-Darani said, "Once I mounted a donkey and I beat it twice or thrice. Consequently it raised its head and said, "O Abu Sulaiman, there will be a retaliation on the Day of Judgment. So, belittle or do it more, as you like! Abu Sulaiman said, I will never beat anything again.

ذات مرة مرّ عبد الله بن عمر بمجموعة من الفتيان من قريش كانوا يتخذون طائرًا هدفًا لرمياتهم، فيرمونه بالنبل، وكانوا يجعلون لصاحبه نصيبًا من كل رمية تخطئ. فلما رأوا ابن عمر فرّوا. فقال ابن عمر: مَن فعل هذا؟ لعن الله مَن فعل هذا!

Once' Abdullah Ibn 'Umar passed by a group of boys from Quraish who used a bird as a target and shot at him. They made every false shoot for its owner. Upon seeing Ibn 'Umar, they run away. Ibn 'Umar said, who did that? May Allah curse the one who did that?

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ شَيْئًا فِيهِ الرُّوحُ غَرَضًا». [4]

"The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) cursed the one who takes anything possessing life as a target.” 4

وفي روايةٍ أخرى: "نهى رسولُ اللهِ ﷺ أن تُصبَرَ البهائمُ" 5

In another narration, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) forbade that animals be imprisoned for killing.” 5

حتى مع ما أباحته الشريعة لنا قتله من الحيوانات، كالعقارب والحيات والفئران والكلاب الضارية، فقد أُمرنا بإزهاق أرواحها سريعاً وألّا نعذّبها. قال رسول الله ﷺ: «إذا قتلتم فأحسنوا القتلة، وإذا ذبحتم فأحسنوا الذبحة، وليُحِدَّ أحدكم شفرته، وليُرِحْ ذبيحته». 1

Even with what the Shari'ah allowed us to kill from animals, such as scorpions, snakes, mice and vicious dogs, "We are ordered to take their lives at once and should not torture them. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "If killing is to be done, do it in the best manner, and when you slaughter, do it in the best manner by first sharpening the knife and putting the animal at ease.” 1

وكذلك لا ينبغي أن تُحرق الحيوانات بالنار. وفي حديثٍ صحيحٍ، رُوي عن رسول الله ﷺ أنه قال: «كنتُ قد أمرتُكم أن تُحرِّقوا فلانًا وفلانًا بالنار، وإنه لا يُعذِّب بالنار إلا الله، فإن وجدتموهما فاقتلوهما (ولا تُحرِّقوهما)». [2]

Likewise, the animals should not be burned by fire. In an authenticated hadith, the Messenger of Allah, (pbuh) is reported to have said, "Previously I ordered you to burn so and so with fire. Since there is no one who could torture with fire except Allah, if you found them, kill them (and do not burn them).” 2

قال ابن مسعود: «خرجنا مع رسول الله ﷺ في سفر، وكان ﷺ منشغلاً بقضاء بعض حاجاته، فرأينا عصفورة معها فرخان، فأخذنا فرخيها، فجعلت تصيح.

Ibn Mas'ud said, "Once we went out with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) on a journey. He was engaged in fulfilling some of his needs. We saw a sparrow with its two children. We took its children and thereupon, it started to shout.

جاء النبيﷺ فقال: «مَن فجع هذه بولدها؟ رُدّوا ولدها إليها». وكذلك سأل رسول اللهﷺ عن قرية نمل أحرقناها، فقال: «مَن حرّق هذه؟» فقلنا: «نحن». فقال النبيﷺ: «لا ينبغي أن يُعذّب بالنار إلا ربُّ النار». [3]

The Prophet (pbuh) came and said, "Who made this sparrow grieve for its children? Return it's (children back to it). Likewise, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) asked us about a co long of ant's which we burnt. And he said, "Who burned this colong?' We replied, "It was us." The Prophet (pbuh) said, "No one should torture anything with fire except its Lord.” 3

هذا دليل على أنه لا يجوز قتل القمل أو البراغيث أو غيرها ولا تعذيبها بالنار. كما يحرم قتل أي حيوان على سبيل اللهو والعبث. قال النبي ﷺ: «من قتل عصفورًا عبثًا عجّ إلى الله يوم القيامة يقول: يا رب، إن فلانًا قتلني عبثًا ولم يقتلني لمنفعة». [٤]

This is evidence that it is not allowed to kill or torture with fire even a lice, fleas or otherwise. It is also forbidden to kill any animal merely for sport. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "If someone kills a sparrow for sport, the sparrow will cry out on the Day of Judgment, a Lord!. Ask this person why he killed me in vain and did not kill me for any useful purpose.” 4

ومن المكروه أيضًا صيدُ الطيور في وقت تفقيس بيضها، أو ذبحُ الحيوان أمام أمه. وقد روى إبراهيم بن أدهم (رحمه الله) قال: "ذبح رجلٌ عجلًا أمام أمه، فابتلى الله يدَه بالشلل". ومن المستحب بشدة عتقُ الرقيق، ذكرًا كان أو أنثى. وقال أبو هريرة (رضي الله عنه): "قال النبي ﷺ: أيُّما امرئٍ أعتق امرأةً مسلمةً، أعتق الله بكل عضوٍ منها عضوًا منه من النار، حتى فرجَها بفرجه".

It is also detested to hunt birds during the period when they hatch their eggs or slaughtering an animal before its mother. Ibrahim Ibn Adham (may Allah bestow mercy upon him) reported, "Once a man slaughtered a calf before its mother. Thereupon Allah caused his hand to become paralyzed." It is also highly recommended to free a slave, whether male or female. Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Whoever frees a believing slave girl, Allah will, with every organ of hers, free his organs from the Hell- Fire, even her private parts will be an expiation for his.” 5

عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَعْتَقَ امْرَأً مُسْلِمًا، كَانَ فِكَاكَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، يُجْزِئُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْوًا مِنْهُ. وَأَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَعْتَقَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مُسْلِمَتَيْنِ، كَانَتَا فِكَاكَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ، يُجْزِئُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا عُضْوًا مِنْهُ. وَأَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ أَعْتَقَتِ امْرَأَةً مُسْلِمَةً، كَانَتْ فِكَاكَهَا مِنَ النَّارِ، يُجْزِئُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْهَا».

Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported the Prophet (pbuh) saying, "Any Muslim frees a believing, male slave, he will be a salvation for him from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of his will be expiation for his organs. Any Muslim who frees two believing slave girls, they will be a salvation for him from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of theirs will be expiation for his organs. And any Muslim woman who frees a believing slave girl, she will be a salvation for her from the Hell-Fire. Every organ of hers will be an expiation for her organs.” 1