Waali (gwamna) shi ne mutumin da Khaleefah ya naɗa a matsayin mai mulki da Ameer a kan wata Wilayah (lardi) ta Daular Khilafah.

The Waali (governor) is the person whom the Khaleefah appoints as ruler and Ameer over a Wilayah (province) of the Khilafah State.

Yankunan da Daular Musulunci take mulki a kansu za a raba su zuwa larduna, kuma kowane lardi za a kira shi Wilaya. Wilaya kuma za a raba ta zuwa gundumomi, kuma kowane gundumi za a kira shi I'mala. Mutumin da aka nada a kan Wilaya za a kira shi Waali, ko Ameer, kuma mutumin da aka nada a kan I'mala za a kira shi 'Aamil ko Hakim (mai mulki).

The territories that the Islamic State rules over would be divided into provinces and each province would be known as Wilayah. The Wilayah would in turn be divided into districts and each district would be known as I’mala. The person appointed over the Wilayah would be known as the Waali, or an Ameer, and the person appointed over the I’mala would be known as the ‘Amil or the Hakim (ruler).

Saboda haka, Waali shi ne mai mulki, domin Wilaya tana nufin mulki. A cikin ƙamus ɗin A-lMuhit, an bayyana ta da cewa tana nufin Imara (shugabanci) da iko. Yana buƙatar naɗin Khaleefah ko kuma wanda ya samu wakilci daga gare shi ya yi naɗin. Saboda haka, Khaleefah ba zai iya naɗa Waali ba sai dai shi kansa. Asalin matsayin Wilaya ko Imara, wato Wulah ko Ameers, ya komawa ga ayyukan Manzon Allah ﷺ. An tabbatar cewa shi ﷺ ya naɗa Wulah a kan ƙasashe, kuma ya ba su haƙƙin mulkin yankunansu. Shi ﷺ ya naɗa Mu’az Ibnu Jabal a kan Al-Janad, Zyad Ibnu Labeed a kan Hadhramawt, da Abu Moussa Al-Ash’ari a kan Zabeed da Aden.

The Waali is therefore a ruler, for the Wilayah means the ruling. In the dictionary A-lMuhit, it has been defined as being the Imarah (leadership) and the authority. It requires an appointment by the Khaleefah or by whoever is delegated to do so on his behalf. Therefore, the Khaleefah can only appoint the Waali. The origin of the post of Wilayah or the Imarah i.e. the Wulah or the Ameers goes back to the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). It has been confirmed that He (pbuh) appointed Wulah over the countries and that He gave them the right to rule over their provinces. He (pbuh) appointed Mu’az Ibnu Jabal over Al-Janad, Zyad Ibnu Labeed over Hadhramawt and Abu Moussa Al-Ash’ari over Zabeed and Aden.

Waali shi ne mataimakin Khalifa; yana aiwatar da abin da Khalifa ya ba shi izinin yi a madadinsa. A cewar Shari'a, Wilaya ba ta da iyaka ta musamman, don haka duk wanda Khalifa ya nada ya yi aiki a madadinsa a kan kowane al'amarin mulki, zai zama Waali a wannan al'amari bisa ga sharuddan da Khalifa ya yi amfani da su a naɗinsa. Sai dai, Wilaya a kan ƙasashe an ƙayyade ta ta fuskar yanki, domin Manzon Allah ﷺ yana ƙayyade yankin da ya naɗa Waali a kansa, watau inda yake ba Ameer ikon Imara.

The Waali is the deputy of the Khaleefah; He performs what the Khaleefah authorises Him to do on his behalf. According to Shar’a, the Wilayah has no specific limit, thus any body appointed by the Khaleefah to act on his behalf over any matter of ruling would be a Waali in that matter in accordance with the terms the Khaleefah used in his appointment. However, the Wilayah over countries is geographically specified, because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to specify the area over which He appointed the Waali, i.e. where He invests the Ameer with the Imarah.

Akwai nau'o'in Wilaya guda biyu: na gaba ɗaya da kuma na musamman. Wilayar gaba ɗaya ta ƙunshi dukkan al'amuran mulki a cikin Wilaya. Naɗa wani ga wannan Wilaya yana nufin Khalifa ya bai wa Wali Imarar ƙasa ko lardi, a matsayin Wilaya bisa dukkan mutanenta don kula da dukkan al'amuran yau da kullum. Don haka zai kasance yana da nauyin kulawa na gaba ɗaya. Dangane da Imara ta musamman, wannan yana nufin Ameer zai kasance an takaita shi ga tafiyar da rundunar soji, mulkin 'yan ƙasa, kare yankuna, ko kare mata da yara a cikin ƙasar ko lardin. Ba shi da iko a kan shari'a ko karɓar Kharaj da Sadaqah. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya naɗa Wulati masu nauyi na gaba ɗaya (Wilayah 'Aammah), kamar lokacin da ya naɗa 'Amru ibn Hazm a kan Yaman. Haka kuma ya naɗa Wulati da ayyuka na musamman (Wilayah Khassa), kamar lokacin da ya naɗa Ali bin Abi Talib a kan shari'a a Yaman. Khulafa'u sun bi sawun Manzon Allah ﷺ. 'Umar Ibnul-Khattab ya naɗa Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan a matsayin Wali na gaba ɗaya a kan Ash-Sham, yayin da Ali bin Abi Talib ya naɗa 'Abdullah bin Abbas a kan Basra da ikon takaitacce (Wilayah Khassa) don tafiyar da dukkan al'amura sai dukiyar kuɗi, wadda aka bai wa Ziyad. A zamanin farko akwai nau'in Wilaya guda biyu: Wilayar Salah da Wilayar Kharaj. Saboda haka muna ganin littattafan tarihi suna amfani da kalmomi biyu wajen ambaton Wilayar Ameeroci: na farko shi ne Imarar Salah, sai kuma Imarar Salah da Kharaj. Wato Ameer na iya kasancewa an naɗa shi a kan Salah da Kharaj tare, ko a kan Salah kawai ko a kan Kharaj kawai. Kalmar Salah, a mahallin Wilaya ko Imara, ba ta nufin jagorantar mutane a sallarsu kawai ba, illa tana nufin tafiyar da dukkan al'amuransu sai dukiyar kuɗi. Wannan saboda kalmar Salah ana amfani da ita wajen nufin mulki sai dai karɓar kuɗaɗe. Saboda haka, idan Waali ya haɗa duka Salah da Kharaj, to wilayarsa za ta zama ta gaba ɗaya (Wilayah ‘Aammah). Idan kuwa an takaita wilayarsa ga Salah ko Kharaj kawai, to wilayarsa za ta zama ta musamman (Wilayah Khaassah). Ko ta wane hali ne, wannan yana hannun shirye-shiryen Khaleefah da kansa, domin shi yana da ikon takaita wilayar ga Kharaj, ko ga shari'a, ko kuma ya iya takaita wilayar ga wani abu banda Kharaj, shari'a da sojoji. Zai iya yin abin da ya ga ya fi dacewa wajen tafiyar da lardi ko wilayar. Wannan kuwa saboda Shari'a ba ta ƙayyade wa Waali wasu ayyuka na musamman ba, kuma ba wajibi ne a gare shi ya aiwatar da dukkan ayyukan mulki ba. Sai dai Shari'a ta ƙayyade cewa ayyukan Waali ko Ameer su kasance mulki da iko, kuma shi wakili ne na Khaleefah, kuma ya zama Ameer a kan wani yanki na musamman. Duk wannan an samo shi ne daga ayyukan Manzon Allah ﷺ. Haka kuma Shari'a ta ba wa Khaleefah damar naɗa Waali ko dai da wilayar gaba ɗaya (‘Aammah) ko kuma ta musamman (Khaassah) bisa ga ra'ayinsa, kuma duk wannan yana bayyana ne a cikin ayyukan Manzon Allah ﷺ.

There are two types of Wilayah: general and specific. The general one includes all the ruling matters within the Wilayah. Appointing someone to that Wilayah would mean that the Khaleefah delegates to the Waali the Imarah of a country or a province, as a Wilayah over all its people for supervising all the normal functions. Thus He would have a general responsibility of supervision. As for the specific Imarah, this means that the Ameer would be restricted to running the armed forces, governing the citizens, protecting the territories, or defending the women and children in that country or province. He does not have a say in the judiciary or the collecting of Kharaj and Sadaqah. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Wulah with general responsibilities (Wilayah ‘Aammah), such as when He appoimted ‘Amru ibn Hazm over Yemen. He also appointed Wulah with specific functions (Wilayah Khassa), such as when He appointed Ali bin Abi Talib over the judiciary in Yemen. The Khulafaa’ followed in the Messenger of Allah’s (pbuh) footsteps. ‘Umar Ibnul-Khattab appointed Mu’aiwya bin Abi Sufyan as general Waali over Ash-Sham, while Ali bin Abi Talib appointed ‘Abdullah bin Abbas over Basra with restrictive powers (Wilayah Khassa) to run all the affairs except for the funds, which was assigned to Ziad There used to be two types of Wilayah in the early times; the Wilayah of Salah and the Wilayah of Kharaj. Therefore we find that history books use two terms in their reference to the Wilayah of Ameers: The first is the Imarah over the Salah and the other the Imarah over the Salah and the Kharaj. In other words the Ameer could either be appointed over both the Salah and the Kharaj, or over the Salah only or over the Kharaj only. The word Salah, in the context of the Wilayah or the Imarah, does not mean only leading the people in their prayer, but it means governing all their affairs except the funds. This is because the word Salah is used to mean ruling except for the levy of funds. Therefore, if the Waali had combined both the Salah and the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be general (Wilayah ‘Aammah). If his Wilayah had been restricted to the Salah or the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be specific (Wilayah Khaassah). Either way, this would be left to the Khaleefah’s own arrangements, as He reserves the right to restrict the Wilayah to the Kharaj, or to the judiciary, or He could confine the Wilayah to other than the Kharaj, the judiciary and the army. He could do what He deems best for the running of the province or the Wilayah. This is because Shar’a has not determined for the Waali certain duties, and it is not obliged that He should perform all the duties of ruling. It has, however, determined that the Waali’s or the Ameer’s duties be ruling and authority, and that He is the deputy of the Khaleefah, and He should be an Ameer over a specific area. All this is derived from the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). However Shar’a entitles the Khaleefah to appoint a Waali as either a general Wilayah (‘Aammah) or a specific one (Khaassah) according to his own discretion, and all this is reflected in the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).

A cikin Sira ta Ibn Hisham an ambata cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nada Farwa bin Musayk a matsayin shugaba a kan kabilun Murad, Zubair da Mizhaj. Ya aika Khalid bin Sa'eed bin Al-'Ass tare da shi a matsayin Waali mai kula da Sadaqah. An kuma ambata cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika Ziad bin Labeed Al-Ansari a matsayin Waali a kan Hadhramawt da Sadaqarta. Haka kuma ya aika Ali bin Abi Talib zuwa Najran domin ya karɓi Sadaqarsu da jizyarsu. Ya kuma aike shi a matsayin alkali a Yemen, kamar yadda Al-Haakim ya ruwaito. A cikin littafin Isti'aab an ambata cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aika Mu'az bin Jabal zuwa Al-Janad domin ya koyar da mutane Alkur'ani da dokokin Musulunci, kuma ya yi musu shari'a a tsakaninsu. Ya kuma ba shi izinin karɓar Sadaqah daga masu karbar haraji (Aamileen) a Yemen. Sira ta Ibn Hisham ta kuma ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya nada Ibn Umm Maktum a matsayin wanda zai jagoranci Salah a Madina lokacin da ya fita zuwa Uhud.

It was mentioned in the Seerah of ibn Hisham that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Farwa bin Musayk over the tribes of Murad, Zubair and Mizhaj. He sent Khalid bin Sa’eed bin Al-’Ass with Him as Waali over the Sadaqah. It also mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Ziad bin Labeed Al-Ansari as a Waali over Hadhramawt and its Sadaqah. He also sent ‘Ali bin Abi Talib to Najran to collect their Sadaqah and their jizyah. He also sent him, as a judge over Yemen, as reported by Al- Haakim. In the book of Isti’aab it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Mu’az bin Jabal to Al-Janad to teach the people about the Qur’an, the laws of Islam and to judge between them. He authorised Him as well to collect the Sadaqah from the ‘Aamileen in Yemen. The Seerah of ibn Hisham also reports that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed ibn Umm Maktum over the Salah in Al-Madinah when He went out for Uhud.