Qadhi al-Mazaalim ana nada shi ne ta Khalifa, ko ta Qadhi al-Qudhah. Cire shi, yin bincike a kansa, tsawatar masa ko canja shi, Khalifa ne yake yi, ko kotun Mazaalim - idan Khalifa ya ba ta irin wannan iko na dole. Wannan saboda Mazaalim wilaya ce da take keɓe ga Khalifa. Saboda haka nada Waali na Mazaalim dole ne ya zama daga Khalifa. Bugu da kari, Mazaalim wani bangare ne na shari'a, domin shi ne bayyana hukuncin Shari'ah ta hanyar tilastawa. Dole ne Khalifa ya nada alkali; wannan kuwa an tabbatar da shi ta ayyukan Manzon Allah ﷺ, domin shi ya kasance yana nada alkalai. Duk wannan yana nuna cewa Khalifa ne yake nada alkalin Mazaalim, amma Qadhi al-Qudhah zai iya nada Qadhi al-Mazaalim idan Khalifa ya sanya hakan a cikin sharuddan nadinsa.

The Qadhi al-Mazaalim is appointed by the Khaleefah, or by the Qadhi al-Qudhah. His removal, accounting, reprimanding or transfer, is carried out by the Khaleefah, or by the court of Mazaalim - if the Khaleefah gave it such mandatory power. This is because the Mazaalim is wilayah that is exclusive to the Khaleefah. Thus the appointment of the Waali of Mazaalim must be by the Khaleefah. Besides, the Mazaalim are part of the judiciary, for they are the pronouncement of the Shari’ah rule by way of compulsion. The judge must be appointed by the Khaleefah; a matter that is confirmed by the Messenger of Allah’s actions, for He (pbuh) used to appoint the judges. All this serves as evidence that it is the Khaleefah who appoints the judge of Mazaalim, yet the Qadhi al-Qudhah could appoint the Qadhi al-Mazaalim if the Khaleefah made provisions for this in his appointment clause.

Ya kamata a ce cire Qadhi al-Mazaalim ya zama hakkin Khaleefah a ka’ida, domin shi ne yake da ikon nada shi. Amma ba shi da hakkin cire shi idan yana binciken wata shari’a da aka gabatar a kan Khaleefah, ko Muawin Tafweedh, ko Qadhi al-Qudhah. Wannan yana bisa ka’idar: “Hanyar zuwa haramun haram ce”. Manzon Allah ﷺ yana da kansa yana jagorantar shari’ar Mazaalim, kuma ba a ruwaito cewa ya taba nada wani alkali na Mazaalim a matsayin wakili na gaba daya, wato ya ba shi wilayah ta gaba daya a kan Mazaalim ba. Khulafaa’ Ar-Rashidoon guda hudu ba su taba nada kowa a kan Mazaalim ba. Ali yana jagorantar Mazaalim da kansa, kuma ya duba shari’o’in Mazaalim da dama. Lokacin da ‘Abdul-Malik Ibnu Marwan ya zama Khaleefah, ya tsayar da wata rana ta musamman don Mazaalim, inda zai saurari korafe-korafe ba tare da shiga cikin bincike ba. Idan wata matsala ta taso kuma yana bukatar hukunci mai daurewa don kawo karshen zalunci, sai ya mika ta ga alkalinsa Abu Idriss Al-Azadi. Abu Idriss zai kasance shi ne yake duba Mazaalim, domin shi alkali ne, kuma yana magance shari’o’in Mazaalim da Khaleefah ‘Abdul-Malik ya mika masa. Lokacin da Amirul Mu’minina ‘Umar Ibnu Abdel-Aziz (Allah ya yi masa rahama) ya zo, ya kansa ya yi nazari a shari’o’in Mazaalim, ya kuma dakatar da Mazaalim na Banu Umayya. A tsakiyar zamanin Abbasawa, Khulafaa’ suna mika shari’o’in Mazaalim ga wani alkali na musamman. Tun daga wannan lokaci shari’ar Mazaalim ta rabu da Khaleefah, alhali kafin haka Khaleefah da kansa yake gudanar da ita koyaushe. Saboda haka, Khaleefah yana da hakkin duba Mazaalim da kansa, kuma an halatta masa ya nada alkalin Mazaalim, ya cire shi, ya maye gurbinsa da wani alkali, don haka yana halatta ga Khaleefah ya yi haka, wato aiki ne mubah.

The removal of the Qadhi al-Mazaalim should, in principle, be the right of the Khaleefah, as it is He who has the right to appoint him. However, He has no right to remove Him if He was investigating a case submitted against the Khaleefah, the Muawin Tafweedh or the Qadhi al-Qudhah. This is based on the principle of; The Means to Haram is Haram”. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to personally take charge of the judiciary of Mazaalim and it has not been reported that He ever appointed a judge of Mazaalim on a general capacity i.e. giving Him a general Wilayah over the Mazaalim. The four of Khulafaa’ Ar-Rashidoon never appointed anyone over the Mazaalim. Ali used to personally be in charge of the Mazaalim; and He looked into several cases of Mazaalim. When ‘Abdul-Malik Ibnu Marwan became Khaleefah He fixed a particular day for the Mazaalim, where He would hold hearings without going into the investigations. If a problem arose and He needed a binding judgement to settle the Mazlema, He would refer it to his judge Abu Idriss Al-Azadi. Abu Idriss would then be the one who looked into the Mazaalim, for He was a judge and He dealt with the Mazaalim that the Khaleefah ‘Abdul-Malik would refer to him. When the Ameer of the believers ‘Umar Ibnu Abdel-Aziz (Rahim Allah) came, He himself dealt with the cases of Mazaalim, and put a halt to the Mazaalim of Banu Umayyah. Midway through the Abbasi (Abbasid) era, the Khulafaa’ used to delegate the cases of Mazaalim to a special judge. Since that date the judiciary of Mazaalim became separate from the Khaleefah, while before that the Khaleefah himself always carried it out. Therefore, the Khaleefah reserves the right to look into the Mazaalim himself, and He is allowed to appoint a judge of Mazaalim, and to remove Him and replace Him with another judge, thus it is permitted for the Khaleefah to do so i.e. it is a Mubah action.

Har ila yau, Khalifa ne yake riƙe da alhakin Qadi na Mazaalim, inda yake tsawatar masa kuma ya cire shi. Wannan saboda shi ne ke da alhakin Mazaalim da kuma alƙalin da yake naɗawa a madadinsa don duba Mazaalim. Khalifa yana da izinin ba wa (babban) Qadi al-Mazaalim ko Qadi al-Qudhah ikon cire Qadi al-Mazaalim, tsawatar masa, cire shi ko canja shi. Idan ya yi haka, za su kasance da cikakken iko na wajibi na cire shi, yi masa hisabi da tsawatar masa.

It is also the Khaleefah who holds the judge of Mazaalim accountable, where He reprimands Him and removes him. This is because He is responsible for the Mazaalim and for the judge whom He appoints on his behalf to look into the Mazaalim. The Khaleefah is allowed to give the (head) Qadhi al-Mazaalim or to the Qadhi al-Qudhah the power to remove the Qadhi al-Mazaalim, reprimand, remove or transfer him. If He did so, they would have the mandatory power to remove, account and reprimand the Qadhi al-Mazaalim.

Matsayin Qadhi al-Mazaalim ba a keɓe shi ga mutum ɗaya kawai ba. Halifa yana da izinin naɗa alƙalai da yawa na Mazaalim gwargwadon buƙata, ko nawa ne adadinsu. Sai dai idan ana maganar yanke hukunci, alƙali ɗaya ne kawai zai iya zartar da hukunci. Duk da haka, an halatta wa sauran alƙalai su zauna tare da shi a lokacin zaman shari'a, amma matsayinsu zai zama na shawara kawai, kuma ba zai wajaba a gare shi ya yi la'akari da ra'ayinsu ba.

The position of Qadhi al-Mazaalim is not restricted to one person. The Khaleefah is allowed to appoint a number of judges for the Mazaalim according to the need, no matter how many they were. However, when it comes to the judgement, only one judge can pass the judgement. Yet it is permitted for other judges to sit with Him during the court proceedings, but they would only have a consultative role, and He would not be obliged to consider their opinion.

Wannan saboda Khaleefah yana da izinin naɗa mataimaki ɗaya ko fiye da haka don yin aiki a madadinsa. Sai dai idan akwai alƙalai da yawa na Mazaalim, ikon wajibi nasu na duba al'amuran Mazaalim ba za a iya raba shi tsakaninsu ba, domin kowannensu zai kasance yana da haƙƙin duba shari'o'in Mazaalim. Amma Khaleefah yana da izinin takaita alƙalin Mazaalim ga lardi ɗaya, ko ya takaita shi ga wani nau'in shari'o'i, don shi yana da haƙƙin ba da wilayar Mazaalim gabaɗaya, ko wilaya ta musamman idan ya so. Haka kuma yana iya ba da wilaya a kan dukkan ƙasar, ko ya takaita ta ga wani yanki ko lardi na musamman. Game da cewa, idan alƙalin Mazaalim yana duba wata shari'a, ya kamata ya duba ta da kansa, hakan yana bisa abin da aka ambata a baya, cewa haramun ne a sami alƙali fiye da ɗaya yana duba wata shari'a ta musamman, yayin da yake halal a sami alƙalai fiye da ɗaya a yanki guda. Sai dai, ana halatta wa sauran alƙalan Mazaalim su zauna tare da shi a kotu a matsayin masu ba da shawara kawai. Ba zai wajaba a gare shi ya yi la'akari da ra'ayinsu ba, kuma ya dogara ga zaɓinsa ko yana so su zauna tare da shi ko a'a, domin babu wanda ya kamata ya zauna tare da alƙali ya dame shi yayin da yake duba abin da aka takaita masa. Sai dai zai iya tuntuɓar su da zarar ya fita daga kotu.

This is because the Khaleefah is permitted to appoint one or more deputies to act on his behalf. However, if there were several judges of Mazaalim, their mandatory power to look into the Mazaalim cannot be apportioned, for each one of them would have the right to look into the cases of Mazaalim. The Khaleefah is, however, allowed to confine a judge of Mazaalim to one province, or to confine Him to a certain type of cases, for He has the right to give a general Wilayah over the Mazaalim, or a specific Wilayah if He wished. He can also give a Wilayah over the whole of the State or confine it to a specific area or province. As for the fact that, when the judge of Mazaalim looks into a case, He should look into it on his own, this is because of what was mentioned earlier, that it is forbidden to have more than one judge looking into a particular case, while it is permitted to have more than one judge in the same area. However, it is permitted for other judges of Mazaalim to sit with Him in court in a consultative capacity only. He would not be obliged to consider their opinion, and it would be up to Him whether He wished them to sit with Him or not, for nobody should sit with the judge and distract Him while He looks into what has been confined to him. However, He could consult them once He retires from court.