Ka'idar cewa ikon yanke hukunci na al'ummah ya samo asali ne daga hukuncin Shari'ah wanda ya ce nada Khalifa hakkin al'ummah ne, kuma Khalifa ba zai iya hawa kan mukaminsa ba, ya kuma yi amfani da ikonsa sai ta hanyar karbar Bay'ah. An bayyana hujjar hakan sosai a hadisai da dama. Muslim ya ruwaito daga 'Ubadah Ibn us-Samit, ya ce: Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

The principle that the authority belongs to the Ummah is taken from the Shari’ah rule that states that the appointment of the Khaleefah is the right of the Ummah and that the Khaleefah can only take up his post and exercises his authority by taking a Bay’ah. The evidence for this has been clearly demonstrated in many Ahadith. Muslim narrated from ‘Ubadah Ibn us-Samit, he (pbuh) said:

Mun yi wa Manzon Allah (ﷺ) mubaya'a da zai ji kuma ya bi a cikin sauki da wahala." Kuma daga Jarir Ibn 'Abdullah, wanda ya ce:

“We gave Bay’ah to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to hear and to obey in ease and hardship.” And from Jarir Ibn ‘Abdullah, who said:

"Na yi wa Manzon Allah ﷺ mubaya'a a kan sauraro da biyayya da kuma yi wa kowane Musulmi nasiha." Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

“I gave Bay’ah to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to listen and obey and give advice to every Muslim”. Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

Mutane uku da Allah (swt) ba zai yi magana da su ba a Ranar Alkiyama, ba kuma zai yabe su ba, kuma suna da azaba mai tsanani: wani mutum da yake da ruwa mai yawa a kan hanya, amma yana hana matafiyi shan sa; wani mutum da yake yi wa Imam mubaya'a saboda abin duniya kawai, idan ya ba shi abin da yake so, sai ya cika masa alkawari, idan kuma bai ba shi ba, to bai cika ba; da kuma wani mutum da aka yi wa tayin sayar da kaya bayan sallar la'asar (watau a karshen yini), sai ya rantse cewa an ba shi kaza da kaza a kan kayan, sai mai saye ya amince da shi ya karbe kayan, alhali ba a ba shi wannan farashin ba. [Al-Bukhari da Muslim ne suka ruwaito] Don haka, Musulmi ne suke yi wa Halifa mubaya'a, ba Halifa ne yake yi wa Musulmi mubaya'a ba. Su ne suke ba shi mubaya'a, watau su ne suke nada shi a matsayin shugaba a kansu. Khulafa'ur Rashidun sun karbi mubaya'arsu daga Al'umma; ba su zama Khulafa'i ba sai da Al'umma ta ba su mubaya'a. Dalilin cewa Halifa ba ya samun iko sai ta wannan mubaya'a yana bayyana a cikin Hadisai game da biyayya da kuma Hadisan da suka shafi hadin kan Khilafah. Muslim ya ruwaito daga Abdullahi dan Amr dan al-As cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

“Three types of people which Allah (swt) will not speak to (on the Day of Judgement), nor will He praise them and they have severe punishment are: A man with surplus water on the road but he bans the traveller from it; a man who gives a Bay’ah to an Imam only for his own dunia, if he gave what he wanted him, he fulfilled to him otherwise he would not; and a man offered a commodity for sale after ‘asr, (i.e. from at the end of the day) so he swore that he was given so and so price for it, so he (the buyer) trusted him and took it, but he was not given (that price) for it.” [Narrated by Al-Bukahri and Muslim] Thus, the Muslims give the Bay’ah to the Khaleefah and not by the Khaleefah to the Muslims. They are the ones who give him the Bay’ah, i.e. they appoint him as a ruler over them. The Khulafaa’ Ar-Rashidoon took their Bay’ah from the Ummah; they only became Khulafaa’ once the Ummah gave the Bay’ah to them. As for the evidence that the Khaleefah only takes his authority by this Bay’ah, this is clear in the Ahadith concerning the obedience and the Ahadith regarding the unity of the Khilafah. Muslim narrated from ‘Abdullah Ibnu ‘Amru Ibn al-‘A‘as that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Duk wanda ya yi wa Imam mubaya'a yana ba shi mariƙin hannunsa da 'ya'yan zuciyarsa, to ya bi shi matuƙar yana iya. Idan wani ya zo yana husuma da shi, to dole ne ku sare wuyan wannan mutumin.” Nafi' ya ce Abdullahi ɗan Umar ya gaya mini: na ji Manzon Allah ﷺ yana cewa:

“Whoever gave Bay’ah to an Imam giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart shall obey him as long as he can. If another comes to dispute with him, you must strike the neck of that man.” Naf ’i said ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar told me: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say:

“Duk wanda ya janye hannunsa daga wata biyayya, zai gamu da Allah (SWT) a Ranar Tashin Alkiyama ba tare da wata hujja da zai nuna wa kansa ba; kuma duk wanda ya mutu alhali babu Bai'ah a wuyansa, to ya mutu mutuwar zamanin Jahiliyya.” [Muslim ne ya ruwaito shi] Ibn 'Abbas ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

“Whoever takes off his hand from an obedience, he will meet Allah (swt) on the Resurrection Day without having any proof to show for himself; and whoever dies while having no Bay’ah on his neck he dies the death of the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyah).” [Narrated by Muslim] Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Duk wanda ya ga a cikin Amirinsa wani abu da ya ƙi, to ya yi haƙuri, domin duk wanda ya raba kansa da Sarkin Musulunci (ikon Musulunci) ko da da tazarar hannu ɗaya, sannan ya mutu a kan haka, to ya mutu mutuwar Jahiliyya.” [Muslim ne ya ruwaito shi] Abu Hurairah ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

“If anyone sees in his Ameer something that displeases him let him remain patient, for behold! He who separates himself from the Sultan (authority of Islam) by even so much as a hand span and dies thereupon, he has died the death of Jahiliyyah.” [Narrated by Muslim] Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Annabawa sun yi mulki a kan Banu Isra’ila. Duk lokacin da wani annabi ya rasu, sai wani annabi ya gaje shi, amma babu wani annabi bayana. Za a sami Khulafa’ nan ba da jimawa ba, kuma za su zama da yawa.” Suka ce: “To me kake umurtar mu?” Ya ce: “Ku cika wa Bay’ah gare su, daya bayan daya, ku ba su hakkokinsu, domin lalle Allah zai tambaye su game da abin da ya amince musu da shi.” [Muslim ne ya ruwaito]. Wadannan Hadisai suna nuna cewa Khalifa ba ya samun iko sai ta wannan Bay’ah, domin Allah (SWT) ya umurci a yi masa biyayya:

“The prophets ruled over the children of Israel. Whenever a prophet died, another prophet succeeded him, but there will be no prophet after me. There will soon be Khulafaa’ and they will number many. They asked: What then do you order us? He (pbuh) said: Fulfil Bay’ah to them one after the other, and give them their dues, for verily Allah will ask them about what He entrusted them with.” [Narrated by Muslim] These Ahadith demonstrate that the Khaleefah only takes the authority by this Bay’ah, for Allah (swt) has commanded his obedience:

"Duk wanda ya yi wa Imam mubaya'a ... to, sai ya yi masa biyayya." Don haka, an naɗa shi Khalifa ta hanyar Bay'ah, kuma biyayyarsa ta zama wajibi saboda shi ne wanda aka yi wa mubaya'a a matsayin Khalifa. Saboda haka ya karɓi iko daga Ummah wadda ta ba shi Bay'ah, kuma ta ba da biyayyarta ga wanda ta yi wa mubaya'a, watau ga wanda yake da Bay'ah a wuyanta. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa iko na Ummah ne. Duk da cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ shi ne Manzo na ƙarshe, ya karɓi mubaya'a daga mutane, wadda mubaya'a ce ta iko da mulki, ba ta annabci ba. Ya karɓi wannan mubaya'a daga maza da mata, amma bai karɓa daga yara ba. Kasancewar Musulmi ne ke naɗa Khalifa ta hanyar ba shi Bay'ah bisa Littafin Allah da Sunnar Manzonsa ﷺ, kuma Khalifa ba ya samun mulki sai ta wannan Bay'ah, wannan a fili yake nuna cewa iko na Ummah ne, wadda take ba shi ga duk wanda ta so.

“Whoever pledged allegiance to an Imam ... shall obey him.” So, he is appointed Khaleefah through the Bay’ah, and his obedience becomes compulsory because he is a pledged allegiance to as Khaleefah. Thus he took the authority from the Ummah which gave her Bay’ah and her obedience to the one whom she pledged to i.e. to the one who has a Bay’ah on her neck. This proves that the authority belongs to the Ummah. Despite the fact that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was the final Messenger, he took the pledge (Bay’ah) from the people, which is a Bay’ah on authority and ruling and not on Prophet hood. He (pbuh) took this Bay’ah from men as well as women, but not from children. The fact that it is the Muslims who appoint the Khaleefah by giving him the Bay’ah according to the Kitab (Book) of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and that the Khaleefah only assumes power by this Bay’ah, clearly indicates that the authority belongs to the Ummah who gives it to whoever she wishes.