1.1 Nama dan julukan kesayangannya
1.1 His name and affectionate nickname
Ibnu Katsir berkata bahwa semua sepakat namanya adalah Abdullah bin 'Utsman, kecuali riwayat Ibnu Sa'd dari Ibnu Sirin yang menegaskan bahwa namanya adalah 'Atiq, padahal yang benar bahwa itu adalah julukan kesayangannya. Kemudian terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai waktu pemberian gelar tersebut dan alasannya. Sebagian mengatakan bahwa itu karena ketampanan wajahnya, yaitu keindahannya. Abu Nu'aim al-Fadl bin Dukain mengatakan bahwa itu karena keutamaannya yang mendahului orang lain dalam kebaikan. Ada pula yang mengatakan bahwa itu karena kemuliaan nasabnya, yakni kesucian garis keturunannya, sebab tidak ada sesuatu pun dalam silsilahnya yang dapat dianggap tercela. Dan dikatakan pula bahwa ia pertama kali dijuluki demikian, kemudian barulah disebut 'Abdullah.
Ibn Kathir said that all admit that his name was Abdullah ibn 'Uthman, except for the narration of Ibn Sacd on the authority of Ibn Sirin which asserts his name to have been cAteeq whereas the truth is that that was his affectionate nickname. Then there is some disagreement as to the time of his being so named, and the reason for it; for some say that it was on account of the citaqah of his countenance, that is, its beauty - but Abu Nucaym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn said that it was on account of his priority in merit - and also it is said on account of the nobility of his pedigree, that is its purity, as there is nothing in his lineage that can be accounted a stain; and it is said too he was first so named and afterwards called ‘Abdullah.
At-Tabarani meriwayatkan bahwa al-Qasim bin Muhammad bertanya kepada ‘Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, tentang nama Abu Bakar, dan ia menjawab, "‘Abdullah." Lalu ia berkata, "Orang-orang menyebutnya ‘Atiq." Ia menjawab, "Abu Quhafah memiliki tiga orang putra yang ia beri nama ‘Atiq, Mu‘taq dan Mu‘aiyaq." Ibnu Mandah dan Ibnu ‘Asakir meriwayatkan bahwa Musa bin Talhah berkata:
At-Tabarani narrated that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad questioned ‘ A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, as to the name of Abu Bakr, and she replied, <cAbdullah.’ Then he said, ‘The people call him cAteeq.’ She answered, ‘Abu Quhafah had three sons whom he named cAteeq, Muctaq and Mucaytaq.’ Ibn Mandah and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Musa ibn Talhah said:
Aku bertanya kepada ayahku, Talhah, "Mengapa Abu Bakar dijuluki 'Ateeq?" Ia menjawab, "Ibunya tidak memiliki anak laki-laki yang bertahan hidup, dan ketika ia melahirkan dirinya, ibunya menghadap ke arah Baitullah (Ka'bah) bersama bayinya dan berseru, 'Ya Allah, jika anak ini 'Ateeq (merdeka) dari kematian, maka berikanlah dia kepadaku.'" At-Tabarani meriwayatkan bahwa Ibnu 'Abbas berkata: Ia hanya dijuluki 'Ateeq karena keindahan wajahnya.
1 said to my father Talhah, ‘Why was Abu Bakr called cAteeq?’ He said, ‘His mother had no son surviving and when she gave birth to him, she faced towards the House (the Kacbah) with him and exclaimed, “O Allah if this one is cAteeq (free) from death then give him to me.’” At-Tabarani narrated that Ibn cAbbas said: He was only called ' Ateeq because of the beauty of his face.
Ibnu 'Asakir meriwayatkan bahwa 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: "Nama Abu Bakar yang digunakan keluarganya memanggilnya adalah 'Abdullah, tetapi nama 'Atiq menjadi sebutan yang lebih dominan." Dalam satu riwayat disebutkan: "Namun Nabi ﷺ memanggilnya 'Atiq." Abu Ya'la, Ibnu Sa'd, dan al-Hakim, yang menyatakannya sahih, meriwayatkan bahwa 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: "Demi Allah, suatu hari aku berada di rumahku, sementara Rasulullah ﷺ dan para sahabatnya berada di halaman, dengan tirai antara aku dan mereka. Abu Bakar datang, lalu Nabi ﷺ bersabda: 'Barangsiapa ingin melihat seseorang yang dibebaskan dari api Neraka, hendaklah ia melihat Abu Bakar.' Nama yang dikenal keluarganya adalah 'Abdullah, tetapi 'Atiq menjadi sebutan yang lebih dominan." At-Tirmidzi dan al-Hakim meriwayatkan bahwa 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: "Abu Bakar masuk menemui Rasulullah ﷺ, lalu beliau bersabda: 'Abu Bakar, engkaulah yang telah dibebaskan Allah dari api Neraka.' Sejak hari itu ia dikenal dengan nama 'Atiq." Al-Bazzar dan at-Tabarani meriwayatkan dengan sanad yang sangat baik bahwa 'Abdullah bin az-Zubair berkata: "Nama Abu Bakar adalah 'Abdullah, lalu Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda kepadanya: 'Engkau adalah orang yang dibebaskan Allah dari api Neraka.' Maka ia dikenal dengan nama 'Atiq." Adapun nama as-Siddiq, dikatakan tentang sebabnya bahwa ia diberi gelar kesayangan itu pada masa Jahiliyah karena kejujuran yang dikenal darinya, sebagaimana disebutkan Ibnu Musdi. Ada pula yang mengatakan: karena ia bergegas membenarkan Rasulullah ﷺ dalam hal-hal yang beliau beritakan. Ibnu Ishaq meriwayatkan bahwa al-Hasan al-Basri dan Qatadah berkata: Pertama kali ia dikenal dengan gelar itu adalah pada pagi hari setelah malam Isra'.
Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name which his family called him by was 'Abdullah, but the name cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ In a version, ‘But the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called him cAteeq.’ Abu Yacla, Ibn Sacd and al-Hakim, who declared it sahih, narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘By Allah, I was in my house one day and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his companions were in the courtyard, a curtain between me and them. Abu Bakr came up and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Whoever is pleased to look upon one who is free from the Fire then let him look upon Abu Bakr.” The name which his family knew him by was cAbdullah but cAteeq became the dominant usage.’ At-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, ‘Abu Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, “Abu Bakr, you are the one Allah has freed from the Fire.” From that day he was known as cAteeq.” Al-Bazzar and at-Tabarani narrated with an excellent isnad that cAbdullah ibn az-Zubayr said, ‘Abu Bakr’s name was cAbdullah, then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “You are Allah’s freed one from the Fire.” So he was known as cAteeq.’ As for the name as-Siddiq, it is said about it, ‘He was given the affectionate nickname in the Jahiliyyah, because of the truthfulness for which he was known’ as Ibn Musdi mentioned. It has been said also, ‘Because of his haste in affirming the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in that of which he informed.’ Ibn Ishaq narrated that al-Hasan al-Basri and Qatadah said: The first time that he became known for it was the morning after the Night of the Isra’.
Al-Hakim meriwayatkan dalam al-Mustadrak bahwa 'Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berkata: Orang-orang musyrik datang kepada Abu Bakr dan berkata, "Bagaimana pendapatmu tentang sahabatmu? Dia mengklaim bahwa dia diperjalankan malam ini ke Bait al-Maqdis (Yerusalem)." Ia menjawab, "Apakah dia benar-benar mengatakan itu?" Mereka berkata, "Ya." Ia berkata, "Dia pasti telah berkata benar. Aku membenarkan dan mengakuinya dalam perkara yang lebih jauh dari itu: kabar dari langit pada awal pagi dan pada waktu sore." Karena itulah ia dijuluki as-Siddiq. Sanadnya sangat baik, dan hadits ini juga diriwayatkan dari hadits Anas dan Abu Hurairah, yang sanadnya disebutkan oleh Ibnu 'Asakir, serta dari Ummu Hani', yang diriwayatkan oleh at-Thabarani.
Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: The idolaters came to Abu Bakr and said, ‘What do you think of your Companion? He claims that he was taken this night to Bait al-Maqdis (Jerusalem).’ He replied, ‘Did he say that?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘He has definitely told the truth. I believe and affirm him in matters more remote than that: the news from heaven in the early part of the morning and in the evening.’ For that reason he was called as-Siddiq. Its isnad is excellent, and that has also been narrated from hadith of Anas and Abu Hurayrah, for which Ibn cAsakir gave isnads, and Umm Hani', which was narrated by at-Tabarani.
Sa'id bin Manshur meriwayatkan dalam Sunan-nya: Abu Ma'shar meriwayatkan bahwa Wahb, budak yang dimerdekakan Abu Hurairah, berkata: Ketika Rasulullah ﷺ kembali pada malam beliau diperjalankan (ke Yerusalem), dan beliau berada di Dzu Thuwa, beliau berkata: "Wahai Jibril, kaumku tidak akan mempercayaiku." Lalu Jibril berkata: "Abu Bakar akan mempercayaimu, dan dia adalah ash-Shiddiq." Al-Hakim meriwayatkan dalam al-Mustadrak bahwa an-Nazzal bin Sabrah berkata: Kami berkata kepada 'Ali: "Amirul Mu'minin, ceritakanlah kepada kami tentang Abu Bakar." Beliau berkata: "Orang itu, Allah menamakannya ash-Shiddiq melalui lisan Jibril dan melalui lisan Muhammad ﷺ. Dia adalah wakil Rasulullah ﷺ dalam shalat; beliau ridha kepadanya untuk urusan agama kami, maka kami pun ridha kepadanya untuk urusan dunia kami." Sanadnya sangat baik.
Sacid ibn Mansur narrated in his Sunan: Abu Macshar narrated that Wahb the freed slave of Abu Hurayrah said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned on the night in which he was made to travel (to Jerusalem), and he was at Dhu Tuwa, he said, ‘Jibril, my people will not believe me.’ He ( ) ibril) said, ‘Abu Bakr will believe you, and he is as-Siddiq.’ Al-Hakim narrated in the Mustadrak that an-Nazzal ibn Sabrah said: We said to cAli: ‘Amir al-Mu’minin, tell us about Abu Bakr.’ He said, ‘That man, Allah named him as-Siddiq on the tongue of Jibril and on the tongue of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He was the deputy of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for thp prayer; he was contented with him for our deen and so we were pleased with him for our worldly affairs.’ Its isnad is excellent.
Ad-Daraqutni dan al-Hakim meriwayatkan bahwa Abu Yahya berkata: Aku tidak dapat menghitung berapa kali aku mendengar 'Ali berkata di atas mimbar, "Sesungguhnya Allah menamai Abu Bakr melalui lisan Nabi-Nya ﷺ, dengan sebutan ash-shiddiq." At-Tabarani meriwayatkan dengan sanad yang sangat sahih bahwa Hakim bin Sa'd berkata: Aku mendengar 'Ali berkata, dan ia bersumpah atas hal itu, "Sesungguhnya Allah benar-benar menurunkan dari langit nama Abu Bakr, ash-Shiddiq." Dalam hadits tentang Uhud: "Tenanglah, sebab di atasmu hanya ada seorang Nabi ﷺ, seorang shiddiq, dan dua orang syahid." "Ibu Abu Bakr adalah putri paman dari pihak ayahnya (ia adalah sepupu ayahnya). Namanya Salma binti Sakhr bin 'Amir bin Ka'b. Ia diberi kunyah Umm al-Khair (Ibu kebaikan)," kata az-Zuhri sebagaimana diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu 'Asakir.
Ad-Daraqutni and al-Hakim narrated that Abu Yahya said: I cannot count the number of times that I heard cAli say upon the minbar, ‘Truly Allah named Abu Bakr through the tongue of His Prophet, a siddiq.’ At-Tabarani narrated with an excellent sahih isnad that Hakim ibn Sacd said: I heard cAli say, and he swore upon it, ‘Allah definitely revealed from heaven the name of Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq.’ In the hadith of Uhud, ‘Be still, for there are only upon you a Prophet, a siddiq and two martyrs.’ ‘Abu Bakr’s mother was the daughter of his father’s paternal uncle (she was his father’s cousin). Her name was Salma bint Sakhr ibn ‘Amir ibn Kacb. She was given the kunyah (surname) Umm al-Khayr (Mother of good),’ said az-Zuhri as narrated by Ibn cAsakir.