Ibnu Sa'd berkata: 'Ali dibaiat sebagai khalifah pada pagi hari setelah terbunuhnya Utsman di Madinah. Seluruh Sahabat yang hadir di sana, semoga Allah meridhai mereka, memberikan baiat.

Ibn Sacd said: cAli was pledged allegiance as khalifah the morning after the killing of cUthman in Madinah. All of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, who were there pledged allegiance.

Diriwayatkan bahwa Thalhah dan az-Zubair membaiat dengan rasa tidak senang dan terpaksa. Kemudian keduanya pergi ke Makkah, dan ‘Aisyah, semoga Allah meridhainya, berada di sana. Keduanya membawa beliau dan pergi bersamanya ke Bashrah dengan menuntut balas atas darah ‘Utsman. Kabar itu sampai kepada ‘Ali, lalu ia pergi ke Irak dan di Bashrah ia bertemu dengan Thalhah, az-Zubair, ‘Aisyah, dan orang-orang yang bersama mereka. Peristiwa ini dikenal sebagai Perang Unta, dan terjadi pada bulan Jumadil Akhir tahun 36 H. Thalhah, az-Zubair, dan lainnya terbunuh di sana, dan jumlah korban tewas mencapai tiga belas ribu orang. ‘Ali tinggal di Bashrah selama lima belas malam, kemudian ia pergi ke Kufah.

It is said that Talhah and az-Zubayr pledged allegiance with displeasure and unwillingly. Then they went to Makkah, and cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, was there. They took her and went with her to Basra seeking retaliation for the blood of cUthman. That reached cAli so he went to Iraq and at Basra met Talhah, az-Zubayr, CA’ ishah and whoever was with them, which is known as the Battle of the Camel, and which occurred in Jumada al-Akhirah of the year 36 AH. Talhah, az-Zubayr and others were killed there, the dead reaching thirteen thousand. cAli spent fifteen nights at Basra and then he went to Kufa.

Kemudian Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan dan orang-orang yang bersamanya di Syam keluar memerangi beliau. Hal itu sampai kepada 'Ali, lalu beliau keluar untuk menemui mereka. Keduanya bertemu di Siffin pada bulan Safar tahun 37 H. Pertempuran berlangsung di sana selama beberapa hari, hingga penduduk Syam mengangkat mushaf-mushaf seraya menyerukan agar kembali kepada apa yang ada di dalamnya, yang merupakan tipu daya 'Amr bin al-'Ash. Orang-orang membenci peperangan, lalu mereka saling mengajak untuk berunding dan menunjuk dua orang hakam. 'Ali menunjuk Abu Musa al-Asy'ari, sedangkan Mu'awiyah menunjuk 'Amr bin al-'Ash. Keduanya menandatangani sebuah kesepakatan bahwa mereka akan bertemu pada awal tahun di al-Adhruh, di mana mereka akan membahas dengan serius urusan kepemimpinan umat. Orang-orang pun berpisah; Mu'awiyah kembali ke Syam dan 'Ali kembali ke Kufah.

Then Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and those with him in Syria came out against him. That reached cAli and he went out to meet him. They met at Siffin in Safr of the year 37 AH. The fighting continued there for some days, until the people of Syria raised the mushafs calling to that which is in them, which was a trick of cAmr ibn al-cAs. People hated the war and they called each other to negotiate and appointed two arbiters. cAli appointed Abu Musa al-Ashcari and Mucawiyah appointed cAmr ibn al-cAs. They signed a decree between them that they should meet at the beginning of the year at al-Adhruh where they would consider seriously the command of the ummah. People separated, Mucawiyah returning to Syria and cAli to Kufa.

Kemudian (sekelompok orang yang dikenal sebagai) Khawarij (kaum pembangkang - secara harfiah ‘mereka yang keluar’) dari kalangan sahabat beliau dan orang-orang yang bersamanya, keluar menentang beliau. Mereka berkata, ‘Tidak ada hukum selain hukum Allah’, lalu mereka mendirikan kemah militer di Harura. Beliau mengutus Ibnu cAbbas kepada mereka, yang berdebat dengan mereka dan meyakinkan mereka, sehingga banyak dari mereka kembali. Sekelompok dari mereka tetap bertahan, pergi ke an-Nahrawan dan menghalangi jalan. cAli mendatangi mereka di sana dan membunuh mereka di an-Nahrawan, termasuk membunuh Dhu’th-Thudayyah.12

Then (a group known as) the Khawarij (the seceders - literally ‘those who go out’) from among his companions and those with him, went out against him. They said, ‘There is no judgement but (that) of Allah’, and they set up a military camp at Harura’. He sent Ibn cAbbas to them, who argued with them and convinced them, so that many of them returned. A group of them stayed firm, went to an-Nahrawan and obstructed the roadway. cAli went to them there and killed them at an-Nahrawan, killing Dhu’th-Thudayyah.12

12 Secara harfiah, “pemilik payudara kecil”, seorang laki-laki yang telah diberitahukan sebelumnya oleh Nabi ﷺ bahwa ia termasuk golongan Khawarij.

12 Literally, ‘the possessor of the little breast’, a man who had been foretold to be among the Khawarij by the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Itu terjadi pada tahun 38 H.

That was in the year 38 AH.

Orang-orang berkumpul di al-Adhruh pada bulan Sya'ban tahun ini, di antaranya Sa'd bin Abi Waqqash, Ibnu 'Umar, dan para Sahabat lainnya. 'Amr membiarkan Abu Musa al-Asy'ari maju terlebih dahulu, sebagai siasat yang telah ia rancang.

People gathered in al-Adhruh in Shacban of this year, among them Sacd ibn Abi Waqqas, Ibn cUmar and other Companions. cAmr allowed Abu Musa al-Ashcari to go first, as a trick he had devised.

Dia (Abu Musa) berbicara dan memberhentikan cAli dari jabatannya. Kemudian cAmr berbicara dan menegaskan Mucawiyah dalam jabatannya serta membaiatnya. Orang-orang pun terpecah karena hal ini. cAli sangat tidak sependapat dengan para sahabatnya hingga ia mulai menggigit jari-jarinya seraya berkata, "Aku dibangkang sedangkan Mucawiyah ditaati?" Tiga orang dari kaum Khawarij bergegas bertindak: cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam al-Muradi, al-Burk ibn cAbdullah at-Tamimi, dan ‘Amr ibn Bukayr at-Tamimi. Mereka berkumpul di Makkah dan membuat perjanjian di antara mereka bertiga bahwa mereka akan membunuh: cAli ibn Abi Talib, Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, dan cAmr ibn al-cAs, dan bahwa mereka akan membebaskan hamba-hamba (Allah) dari mereka. Ibn Muljam berkata, "Aku akan mengurus cAli untuk kalian." Al-Burk berkata, "Aku akan mengurus Mucawiyah untuk kalian." cAmr ibn Bukayr berkata, "Aku akan cukup menangani cAmr ibn al-cAs untuk kalian." Mereka membuat perjanjian itu pada satu malam, yaitu tanggal sebelas atau tujuh belas Ramadan, lalu masing-masing dari mereka menuju negeri tempat sasarannya berada. Ibn Muljam pergi ke Kufah, menemui kawan-kawannya dari kaum Khawarij, dan secara rahasia memberitahukan kepada mereka apa yang hendak ia lakukan.

He (Abu Musa) spoke and removed cAli from office. Then cAmr spoke and confirmed Mucawiyah in office and pledged allegiance to him. People split up over this. cAli disagreed with his companions to such an extent that he began to bite his fingers saying, ‘I am disobeyed and Mucawiyah is obeyed?’ Three men of the Khawarij hastened to act: cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam al-Muradi, al-Burk ibn cAbdullah at-Tamimi and ‘Amr ibn Bukayr at-Tamimi. They gathered in Makkah and made a covenant with each other that they three would kill: cAli ibn Abi Talib, Mucawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and cAmr ibn al-cAs, and that they would give the slaves (of Allah) rest from them. Ibn Muljam said, ‘I will take cAli for you.’ Al-Burk said, ‘I will take Mucawiyah for you.’ cAmr ibn Bukayr said, ‘I will suffice you for cAmr ibn al-cAs.’ They made a covenant on that one night, either the eleventh or the seventeenth of Ramadan, and then each of them directed himself to the land in which his intended victim was. Ibn Muljam went to Kufa, met his companions of the Khawarij and told them secretly of what they intended to do.

Pada malam sebelum Jumat, tanggal tujuh belas Ramadhan tahun 40 H, 'Ali terbangun sebelum fajar. Ia berkata kepada putranya, al-Hasan, "Malam ini aku melihat Rasulullah ﷺ, dan aku berkata, 'Wahai Rasulullah, betapa besar kesusahan dan perselisihan yang aku terima dari umatmu?' Beliau berkata kepadaku, 'Mohonlah kepada Allah agar Dia membinasakan mereka.' Aku berkata, 'Ya Allah, berilah aku sebagai ganti mereka apa yang lebih baik bagiku daripada mereka, dan berilah mereka sebagai ganti aku apa yang lebih buruk bagi mereka daripada aku.'" Kemudian muadzin Ibnu adh-Dhabbah datang kepada 'Ali dan berkata, "Shalat." 'Ali keluar melalui pintu sambil berseru, "Wahai manusia, shalat, shalat!" Ibnu Muljam berdiri di hadapannya, menebasnya dengan pedang, dan pedang itu mengenai bagian atas dahinya hingga sampai ke otak. Orang-orang menyerbu Ibnu Muljam dari segala arah, lalu ia ditangkap dan diikat. 'Ali bertahan hidup hingga hari Jumat dan Sabtu, lalu wafat pada malam Ahad. Al-Hasan, al-Husain, dan 'Abdullah bin Ja'far memandikan jenazahnya, al-Hasan memimpin shalat jenazah atasnya, kemudian ia dimakamkan pada malam hari di rumah pemerintahan di Kufah. Setelah itu, anggota tubuh Ibnu Muljam dipotong, ia dimasukkan ke dalam keranjang dari buluh, lalu mereka membakarnya dengan api.

On the night preceding the Jumucah of the seventeenth of Ramadan of the year 40 AH, cAli woke up before dawn. He said to his son al-Hasan, ‘This night I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace, and I said, “Messenger of Allah, what distress and argumentation I have received from your ummah\” He said to me, “Supplicate Allah against them.” I said, “O Allah, give me in exchange for them what is better for me than they are, and give them in exchange for me what is worse for them than I am.’” Then the mu’adhdhin Ibn adh-Dhabbah came in to cAli and said, ‘The prayer.’ cAli went out the door crying out, ‘People, the prayer, the prayer!’ Ibn Muljam stood before him, struck him with the sword, and it hit the top of his forehead reaching the brain. People rushed upon him from every side, and he was held and bound. cAli lingered for the Jumufah and Saturday, and died the night before Sunday. Al-Hasan, al-Hussein and “Abdullah ibn Jacfar washed his body, al-Hasan led the prayer over him, then he was buried in the house of the Amirate in Kufa at night. Later they cut off the limbs of Ibn Muljam, he was put in a reed basket, and they burnt him in a fire.

Semua yang disebutkan di atas adalah perkataan Ibnu Sa'd. Ia meringkas semua peristiwa dan peperangan ini dengan sangat baik, dan ia tidak memperpanjangnya secara berlebihan sebagaimana yang dilakukan orang lain. Hal ini lebih sesuai dengan kesempatan ini. Beliau bersabda, semoga Allah memberinya shalawat dan keselamatan, "Apabila sahabat-sahabatku disebut, tahanlah diri kalian (dari membicarakannya)," dan beliau bersabda, "Cukuplah bagi sahabat-sahabatku (disebut) pembunuhan mereka." Dalam al-Mustadrak terdapat riwayat bahwa as-Suddi berkata: cAbdurrahman bin Muljam jatuh cinta dengan sangat kepada seorang wanita dari kalangan Khawarij bernama Qatam. Ia pun menikahinya dan memberinya mahar berupa tiga ribu dirham serta pembunuhan terhadap cAli. Al-Farazdaq berkata tentang hal itu:

All of the above are the words of Ibn Sacd. He summarised all of these events and battles excellently well, and he didn’t expand on them greatly as others did. This is more befitting to this occasion. He said, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ‘When my companions are mentioned, restrain yourselves (from speaking)’, and he said, ‘It is sufficient for my Companions (to mention) their killing.’ There is in al-Mustadrak that as-Suddi said: cAbd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam fell passionately in love with a woman of the Khawarij called Qatam, and he married her and gave her as a dowry three thousand dirhams and the killing of cAli. Al-Farazdaq said about that:

"Aku belum pernah melihat mahar yang dikirim oleh orang yang sangat dermawan, seperti mahar Qatam, berupa manusia (budak) dan hewan ternak:

‘I have not seen a dowry sent by a liberally generous one, Like the dowry of Qatam, of human beings (slaves) and beasts:

Tiga ribu, seorang budak, seorang pelayan wanita, dan pukulan 'Ali dengan pedang yang menembus.

Three thousand, a slave, a maidservant And the striking of cAli with the penetrating sword.

Tidak ada mahar yang lebih mulia daripada 'Ali, meskipun harganya sangat mahal, dan tidak ada pembunuhan yang tidak lebih ringan daripada pembunuhan oleh Ibnu Muljam. Abu Bakr bin 'Ayyash berkata: Kuburan 'Ali disembunyikan agar kaum Khawarij tidak menggali jasadnya. Sementara Syarik berkata: Putranya, al-Hasan, membawanya ke Madinah. Al-Mubarrad berkata dari Muhammad bin Habib: Orang pertama yang dipindahkan dari satu kuburan ke kuburan lain adalah 'Ali, semoga Allah meridainya.

There is no dowry dearer than cAli even if it were very expensive, And no assassination but that it is less than the assassination by Ibn Muljam.’ Abu Bakr ibn cAyyash said: The grave of cAli was concealed so that the Khawarij would not dig up his body; and Sharik said: His son al-Hasan carried him to Madinah. Al-Mubarrad said from Muhammad ibn Habib: The first to be transferred from one grave to another was cAli, may Allah be pleased with him.

Ibnu 'Asakir meriwayatkan bahwa Sa'id bin 'Abdul 'Aziz berkata: Ketika 'Ali bin Abi Thalib, semoga Allah meridhainya, terbunuh, mereka membawa jenazahnya untuk dimakamkan bersama Nabi ﷺ. Ketika mereka berjalan membawanya di malam hari, unta yang membawa jenazahnya tiba-tiba lari. Tidak ada seorang pun yang tahu ke mana perginya, dan mereka tidak mampu menyusulnya. Karena itu, penduduk Irak mengatakan, "Ia berada di awan." Sebagian lain mengatakan, "Unta itu sampai di negeri Thayyi', lalu mereka mengambilnya dan memakamkannya." Ketika 'Ali terbunuh, usianya enam puluh tiga tahun. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa usianya enam puluh empat, enam puluh lima, lima puluh tujuh, dan lima puluh delapan tahun. Ia memiliki sembilan belas budak perempuan.

Ibn cAsakir narrated that Sacid ibn cAbd al-cAziz said: When cAli ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, was killed, they carried him to bury him with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. While they were journeying with him at night, the camel on which he was bolted. No-one knew where it had gone, and they couldn’t overtake it. For that reason the people of Iraq say, ‘He is in the clouds.’ Others say, ‘The camel arrived in the lands of Tayy, where they took him and buried him.’ When cAli was killed he was sixty-three years old. It has been said that he was sixty-four, sixty-five, fifty-seven and fifty-eight. He had nineteen women slaves.