2.7 Beberapa Rincian dari Biografinya
2.7 Some Particulars Of His Biography
Ibnu Sa'd meriwayatkan bahwa al-Ahnaf bin Qais berkata: Kami sedang duduk di depan pintu 'Umar, lalu seorang budak perempuan lewat, dan mereka berkata, "Ini gundik Amirul Mukminin!" Ia berkata, "Dia bukan gundik Amirul Mukminin, dan dia tidak halal baginya. Dia termasuk harta Allah." Maka kami bertanya, "Lalu apa yang halal baginya dari harta Allah, Yang Maha Tinggi?" Ia menjawab, "Yang halal bagi 'Umar dari harta Allah hanyalah dua helai pakaian, pakaian untuk musim dingin dan pakaian untuk musim panas, yang dengannya ia dapat berhaji dan berumrah (yakni ihram), nafkah ia dan nafkah keluarganya, sebagai seorang lelaki dari Quraisy yang tidak termasuk yang paling kaya di antara mereka dan tidak pula yang paling miskin. Setelah itu, aku hanyalah seorang lelaki di antara kaum Muslimin." Khuzaimah bin Tsabit berkata, "Setiap kali 'Umar mengangkat seorang gubernur, ia menulis surat kepadanya dan memberinya syarat agar ia tidak menunggang birdzaun (kuda besar dan berat yang bukan dari Arab, berasal dari Asia Kecil atau Yunani), tidak memakan makanan lezat, tidak berpakaian mewah, dan tidak menutup pintunya dari orang-orang yang membutuhkan. Jika ia melanggar hal itu, maka boleh baginya untuk dihukum." Ikrimah bin Khalid dan yang lainnya berkata: Hafshah, 'Abdullah dan yang lainnya berbicara kepada 'Umar dan berkata, "Seandainya engkau memakan makanan yang baik, niscaya itu akan menguatkanmu dalam kebenaran." Ia bertanya, "Apakah kalian semua berpendapat demikian?" Mereka menjawab, "Ya." Ia berkata, "Aku telah mengetahui apa nasihat tulus kalian. Namun, aku telah meninggalkan dua sahabatku di sebuah jalan, dan jika aku meninggalkan jalan mereka, aku tidak akan menyusul mereka di rumah." Ia (Ikrimah) berkata: Suatu tahun rakyat tertimpa musibah, dan pada tahun itu ia tidak makan mentega cair maupun lemak.
Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Ahnaf ibn Qays said: We were sitting at "Umar’s door and a slave girl passed by, and they said, ‘The concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin! He said, ‘She is not the concubine of the Amir al-Mu’minin, and she is not permitted to him. She is of the property of Allah.’ So we said, ‘Then what is permitted to him of the property of Allah, exalted is He?’ He said, ‘There is only permitted to cUmar of the property of Allah two garments, a garment for the winter and a garment for the summer, that with which I can perform the Hajj and the cUmrah (i.e. an ihram), my sustenance and the sustenance of my family, as a man of Quraysh who is not the wealthiest of them nor the poorest, then I am, after that, a man among the Muslims.’ Khuzaymah ibn Thabit said, ‘Whenever cUmar appointed a governor, he wrote to him and made a condition on him that he should not ride a birdhaun (a large heavy non-Arabian horse from Asia Minor or Greece), nor eat delicacies, nor dress in finery, nor lock his door against the needy. If he did that, it would be permitted to punish him.’ Tkrimah ibn Khalid and others said: Hafsah, "Abdullah and others spoke to "Umar and said, ‘If only you were to eat wholesome food it would strengthen you upon the truth.’ He asked, Are you all of this view?’ They said, ‘Yes.’ He said, ‘I have learnt what your sincere advice is. However, I have left my two companions on a highway, and if I abandon their highway I will not reach them in the house.’ He (Tkrimah) said: An affliction befell the people one year, and that year he did not eat clarified butter nor fat.
Ibnu Mulaykah berkata: 'Utbah bin Farqad berbicara kepada 'Umar tentang makanannya, dan ia berkata, 'Celakalah engkau! Apakah aku akan memakan makanan-makanan lezat yang baik dalam kehidupan duniaku dan berusaha menikmati diri dengannya?' Al-Hasan berkata: 'Umar masuk menemui putranya 'Asim ketika ia sedang makan daging, dan ia berkata, 'Apa ini?' Ia menjawab, 'Kami sedang ingin memakannya.' Ia berkata, 'Setiap kali engkau menginginkan sesuatu, apakah engkau memakannya? Sudah cukup bagi seseorang disebut boros dan berlebih-lebihan jika ia memakan segala sesuatu yang ia inginkan.' Aslam berkata: 'Umar berkata, 'Terlintas dalam hatiku keinginan akan ikan segar.' Ia (Aslam) berkata: Yarfa' menunggangi untanya dan menempuh perjalanan empat mil ke sana dan empat mil kembali, lalu membeli sekeranjang ikan dan membawanya pulang. Kemudian ia pergi ke untanya, mencucinya, lalu menghadap 'Umar.
Ibn Mulaykah said: cUtbah ibn Farqad spoke to cUmar about his food and he said, ‘Mercy on you! Should I eat up my wholesome sweet things in my worldly life and seek to enjoy myself with them?’ Al-Hasan said: cUmar entered in upon his son cAsim when he was eating meat and he said, ‘What is this?’ He said, ‘We had a craving for it.’ He said, ‘Every time you crave something, do you eat it? It is sufficient wasteful extravagance for a man that he eats everything for which he has an appetite.’ Aslam said: cUmar said, ‘There occurred to my heart a desire for fresh fish.’ He (Aslam) said: Yarfa’ mounted his camel and rode four miles there, four miles back, buying a basketful and bringing it back. Then he went to his camel, washed it, and went to cUmar.
Dia berkata, ‘Mari kita pergi, dan aku akan melihat untanya.’ Dia berkata, ‘Apakah kamu lupa mencuci keringat di bawah telinganya ini? Apakah kamu telah menyiksa seekor hewan demi selera makan Umar? Tidak! Demi Allah! Umar tidak akan mencicipi keranjangmu.’ Qatadah berkata: Umar biasa berpakaian, ketika ia menjadi khalifah, dengan kain wol yang sebagiannya ditambal dengan kulit, dan ia biasa berkeliling di pasar-pasar dengan cambuk di bahunya, yang dengannya ia meluruskan orang-orang. Ia biasa melewati potongan-potongan kain compang-camping dan pecahan-pecahan biji kurma yang tanpa sengaja ia temukan, lalu ia melemparkannya ke dalam rumah-rumah orang untuk mereka gunakan.
He said, ‘Let us go and I will look at the camel.’ He said, ‘Did you forget to wash this sweat beneath its ears? Have you tormented an animal for the appetite of cUmar? No! by Allah! cUmar will not taste of your basket.’ Qatadah said: cUmar used to dress, while he was khalifah, with a garment of wool patched in parts with leather, and he would go around in the markets with a whip over his shoulder with which he would correct people. He would pass bits of rags and pieces of date-stones, which he would stumble on unexpectedly, and he would throw them into people’s houses for them to use.
Anas berkata: Aku melihat di antara kedua bahu Umar, empat tambalan pada bajunya. Abu Utsman an-Nahdi berkata: Aku melihat Umar mengenakan kain sarung yang ditambal dengan kulit. Abdullah bin Amir bin Rabi'ah berkata: Aku berhaji bersama Umar dan dia tidak mendirikan kemah dari bulu kambing maupun dari wol. Dia biasa melemparkan bagian atas kain ihramnya dan tikar kulitnya ke atas semak, lalu berteduh di bawahnya. Abdullah bin Isa berkata: Ada dua guratan gelap di wajah Umar akibat tangisnya. Al-Hasan berkata: Umar biasa melewati sebuah ayat dalam wirid hariannya (bagian yang ia sisihkan untuk dibaca), lalu ia akan jatuh pingsan hingga siuman setelah beberapa hari. Anas berkata: Aku masuk ke sebuah kebun berdinding dan mendengar Umar berkata, sementara ada dinding di antara kami: "Umar bin al-Khattab, Amirul Mukminin. Bagus! Bagus! Demi Allah, engkau harus takut kepada Allah, wahai Ibnul Khattab, atau Allah akan menyiksamu." Abdullah bin Amir bin Rabi'ah berkata: Aku melihat Umar mengambil sebatang jerami dari tanah dan berkata: "Aku berharap aku adalah jerami ini. Aku berharap aku bukan apa-apa. Aku berharap ibuku tidak melahirkanku." Abdullah bin Umar bin Hafs berkata: Umar memikul kantong air di atas lehernya. Seseorang menegurnya tentang hal itu, dan dia berkata: "Diriku telah memenuhi aku dengan kesombongan, dan aku ingin merendahkannya." Muhammad bin Sirin berkata: Seorang ipar Umar datang menemuinya dan meminta darinya sesuatu dari baitul mal, tetapi Umar menolaknya dan berkata: "Apakah kamu ingin aku menghadap Allah sebagai raja yang berkhianat?" Kemudian ia memberinya dari hartanya sendiri sebanyak sepuluh ribu dirham. An-Nakha'i berkata: Umar biasa berdagang ketika ia menjabat sebagai khalifah. Anas berkata: Perut Umar berbunyi karena memakan minyak zaitun pada tahun kekeringan — ia telah mengharamkan atas dirinya mentega cair — lalu ia mengetuk perutnya dengan jarinya dan berkata: "Tidak ada yang lain bagi kami, hingga rakyat memiliki sarana penghidupan." Sufyan bin Uyainah berkata: Umar bin al-Khattab berkata: "Orang yang paling aku sukai adalah orang yang menunjukkan kekuranganku kepadaku." Aslam berkata: Aku melihat Umar bin al-Khattab memegang telinga kuda, sementara tangannya yang lain memegang telinganya sendiri, lalu ia melompat naik ke punggung kuda. Ibnu Umar berkata: Aku tidak pernah melihat Umar marah, lalu disebut nama Allah di hadapannya, atau ia dibuat takut, atau seseorang membacakan ayat dari Al-Qur'an di hadapannya, kecuali ia berhenti dari apa yang hendak ia lakukan. Bilal berkata kepada Aslam, "Bagaimana pendapatmu tentang Umar?" Ia menjawab, "Dia adalah orang terbaik, kecuali bahwa jika ia marah, itu adalah perkara yang besar." Bilal berkata, "Jika aku bersamanya ketika ia marah, aku akan membacakan Al-Qur'an kepadanya sampai amarahnya reda." Al-Ahwas bin Hakim meriwayatkan dari ayahnya: Umar pernah dihidangkan daging yang dimasak dengan mentega cair, dan ia menolak memakan keduanya. Ia berkata, "Keduanya adalah bumbu." Semua riwayat di atas berasal dari Ibnu Sa'd.
Anas said: I saw between cUmar’s shoulder-blades, four patches in his shirt. Abu cUthman an-Nahdi said: I saw cUmar wearing a waistwrapper patched with leather. cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah said: I performed the Hajj with cUmar and he did not pitch a tent of goat’s hair nor of wool. He used to throw the upper part of his ihram and his leather mat over a bush and seek shelter underneath it. cAbdullah ibn cIsa said: There were two dark furrows in cUmar’s face from his weeping. Al-Hasan said: cUmar used to pass by an ayah in his wird (daily portion set aside to recite) and he would fall down (in a faint) until he revived after some days. Anas said: I entered a walled garden and heard cUmar saying, while there was a wall between us, <cUmar ibn al-Khattab, Amir al-Muminin. Well done! Well done! By Allah, you will fear Allah, Ibn al-Khattab or Allah will punish you.’ cAbdullah ibn cAmir ibn Rabicah said: I saw ' Umar take up a straw from the ground and say, ‘I wish I was this straw. I wish I was nothing. I wish that my mother had not given birth to me.’ cAbdullah ibn cUmar ibn Hafs said: cUmar carried a skin full of water upon his neck. Someone spoke to him about that and he said, ‘My self was filling me with conceit and I wished to humble it.’ Muhammad ibn Sirin said: An in-faw of cUmar’s came to see him and asked him to give him something from the bait al-mal and cUmar refused him and said, ‘Do you want me to meet Allah as a treacherous King?’ Then he gave him from his own property ten thousand dirhams. An-Nakhaci said: cUmar used to trade while he was khalifah. Anas said: cUmar’s stomach rumbled from eating olive oil the year of the drought - he had forbidden himself clarified butter — and he tapped on his stomach with his finger and said, ‘There is nothing else for us, until the people have the means of living.’ Sufyan ibn cUyaynah said: cUmar ibn al- Khattab said, ‘The person I like most is the one who points out to me my defects.’ Aslam said: I saw cUmar ibn al-Khattab taking hold of the ear of the horse, taking hold of his own ear with the other hand, and leaping up on the back of the horse. Ibn cUmar said: I never saw cUmar become angry, and then Allah was mentioned in his presence or he was made to fear, or a person would recite an ayah from the Qur’an in his presence, but that he stopped short of what he meant to do. Bilal said to Aslam, ‘How do you find "Umar?’ He said, ‘The best of people, except that when he becomes angry it is a mighty matter.’ Bilal said, ‘If I was with him when he became angry, I would recite Qur’an to him until his anger went.’ AI-Ahwas ibn Hakim said, narrating from his father: cUmar was brought meat dressed with clarified butter and he refused to eat the two of them. He said, ‘Both of them are seasonings.’ All of the foregoing traditions are from Ibn Sacd.
Ibnu Sa'd meriwayatkan bahwa al-Hasan berkata: Umar berkata, "Itu adalah perkara yang mudah, dengan cara itu aku meluruskan suatu kaum, yaitu dengan menggantikan seorang amir dengan amir yang lain!"
Ibn Sacd narrated that al-Hasan said: cUmar said, ‘It is an easy thing by which I put right a people, that I exchange them an amir in place of an amir!'