10.2 Kuongeza Mali
10.2 Increasing Property
Ongezeko la mali linahusiana na mbinu na njia zinazotumika kuizalisha. Hata hivyo, ongezeko la umiliki wa mali hiyo linahusiana na namna ambavyo mtu anaongeza umiliki huo. Mfumo wa kiuchumi hauna uhusiano wowote na ongezeko la mali; bali mfumo unahusika na ongezeko la umiliki. Uislamu haukuingilia ongezeko la mali, bali uliacha mwanadamu aongeze mali kwa namna na njia ambazo Yeye anaziona zinafaa kwa kufanya hivyo. Lakini Uislamu unaingilia ongezeko la umiliki wa mali na umeeleza kanuni zake. Ongezeko la umiliki limewekewa mipaka aliyoitoa Mwenye Kutunga Sheria (Ash-Shaari'), ambayo haiwezi kuvukwa. Mwenye Kutunga Sheria ameweka miongozo ya jumla ya kubainisha namna ambavyo umiliki unaweza kuongezeka, na aliwaacha wanazuoni (Mujtahidina) wachambue maelezo ya miongozo hii kutokana nayo, kwa kuzingatia ufahamu wao wa matukio. Hata hivyo, Mwenye Kutunga Sheria amekataza baadhi ya namna. Hivyo ameeleza miamala na mikataba ambayo kwayo umiliki unaweza kuongezeka, na ile ambayo kwayo mtu anazuiwa kuongeza umiliki.
The increase of property is related to the styles and means used to produce it. However, increasing ownership of this property is related to the manner by which the person increases this ownership. The economic system has nothing to do with the increase of property; rather the system is involved with the increase of ownership. Islam did not interfere with the increase of property, and it left man to increase property by the styles and means, which He considers suitable for doing so. Islam does however interfere with the increase of ownership of property and has explained its rules. The increase of ownership is restricted by the limits given by the Lawgiver, which may not be transgressed. The Lawgiver has placed general guidelines to determine the manner by which ownership may be increased, and He (pbuh) left the scholars (Mujtahideen) to deduce the details of these guidelines from them based on their understanding of the incidents. However, the Lawgiver did prevent certain manners. Thus He explained the transactions and contracts with which ownership may be increased and those with which the person is prevented from increasing the ownership.
Baada ya kuchunguza, mtu hupata kwamba mali katika maisha haya ya dunia imepunguzwa katika mambo matatu, nayo ni: ardhi, mali inayotokana na kubadilishana vitu, na mali inayotokana na kubadilisha vitu kutoka umbo moja hadi jingine. Mambo ambayo mtu hushughulika nayo ili kupata mali au kuiongeza ni kilimo, biashara na viwanda. Kwa njia hii, namna ambavyo mtu huongeza umiliki wake wa mali lazima iwe ni mada ya majadiliano katika mfumo wa kiuchumi. Kilimo (ukulima), biashara na viwanda ni mitindo na njia zinazotumika kuzalisha mali, na kanuni zinazohusiana nazo zinaonyesha namna ambavyo mtu huongeza umiliki wake wa mali.
Upon examination, one finds the properties in this worldly life to be limited to three things which are: land, property which results from the exchange of things, and property which results from transforming things from one form to another. Things which man deals with to obtain property or to increase it are agriculture, trading, and industry. In this way, the manners by which the person increases his ownership of property must be a subject of discussion in the economic system. Agriculture (farming), trading and industry are styles and means used to produce property and the rules related to them show the manner by which the person increases his ownership of property.
Shari'a ilieleza kanuni za kilimo kwa kufafanua kanuni za ardhi na yote yanayohusiana nayo. Pia ilieleza kanuni za biashara kwa kufafanua kanuni za mauzo, kampuni na mambo yanayohusiana nayo. Vilevile ilieleza kanuni za viwanda kwa kufafanua kanuni za mfanyakazi na utengenezaji. Kuhusu bidhaa za viwanda, zimejumuishwa katika biashara. Hivyo, ongezeko la umiliki limewekewa mipaka na kanuni za Shari'a, ambazo ni kanuni za ardhi na mambo yanayohusiana nayo, mauzo, kampuni na mambo yanayohusiana nayo, pamoja na kanuni za mfanyakazi na utengenezaji.
Shar’a explained the rules of farming by manifesting the rules of land and that which is related to it. It also explained the rules of trading by manifesting the rules of selling and companies and related matters. It also explained the rules of industry by manifesting the rules of the labourer and manufacturing. With regard to the products of industry, they are included in trading. Increase of ownership is thus restricted by the rules of the Shar’a, which are the rules of lands and related matters, selling and companies and matters related to them and also the rules of the labourer and manufacturing.