Inaruhusiwa kuajiriwa kufanya kila aina ya kazi halali (Halal). Mifano ni kuajiriwa kwa ajili ya biashara, kilimo, viwanda (utengenezaji), utumishi na uwakilishi. Katika mambo ya kimahakama, mtu anaweza kuajiriwa kufikisha jibu la mdai au mshtakiwa, kukusanya ushahidi na kuupeleka kwa hakimu, kudai haki au kupatanisha migogoro baina ya watu. Pia mtu anaweza kuajiriwa kuchimba visima, kujenga, kuendesha magari na ndege, kuchapisha vitabu, kunakili Mushaf, na kubeba abiria, miongoni mwa kazi nyingine halali.

It is permissible to be contracted to undertake every lawful (Halal) form of work. Examples are hiring for the purpose of trading, farming, industry (manufacturing), serving and deputation. In judicial matters one may be hired to convey the response of a claimant or defendant, collect the evidence and deliver it to the judge, claim rights or settle disputes among people. Also one can be hired for drilling wells, building, driving cars and aeroplanes, printing books, copying the Mushaf, and carrying passengers, among other lawful works.

Kuajiri kunaweza kuwa kwa kazi maalum, au kwa kufanya kazi ya maelezo maalum. Ikiwa kuajiri kumefungwa kwa kazi fulani kwa mfanyakazi fulani, kwa mfano ikiwa Khalid amemwajiri Mohammed ashone nguo fulani au aendeshe gari fulani, basi Mohammed ndiye apaswaye kufanya kazi hiyo, na hairuhusiwi kabisa kumwidhinisha mtu mwingine kufanya kazi hiyo kwa niaba yake. Ikiwa Mohammed atagonjwa au asiweze kufanya kazi hiyo, hakuna mtu mwingine anayeruhusiwa kuifanya badala yake, kwa sababu mfanyakazi alikwisha kuteuliwa. Ikiwa nguo hiyo maalum iliharibika au gari lililotajwa liliharibika, Mohammed hatalazimika kufanya kazi kwenye chochote kingine isipokuwa hivyo viwili, kwa sababu aina ya kazi ilikwisha bainishwa.

Hiring could be for a specific job, or for doing work of a specific description. If hiring is contracted for a particular job for a certain employee, for example if Khalid hired Mohammed to sew a particular dress or to drive a particular car, then Mohammed should do the work and He is not allowed at all to authorise another person to do the job on his behalf. If Mohammed became sick or was incapable of doing the work, no other person is allowed to do it instead of Him because the employee had been designated. If the particular dress was destroyed or the specified car had broken down, Mohammed would not be obliged to work on other than those two, because the type of work had been defined.

Hata hivyo, ikiwa kuajiriwa kulifungwa juu ya kitu kinachoelezwa kama wajibu wa mtu, au aina fulani ya mfanyakazi, au kazi fulani, hukumu ni tofauti. Katika hali hizi, mfanyakazi anaweza kufanya kazi hiyo, na anaruhusiwa kumwakilisha mtu mwingine kufanya kazi hiyo kwa niaba yake. Ikiwa anaugua au hawezi kufanya kazi hiyo, analazimika kumwakilisha mtu mwingine kufanya kazi hiyo badala yake. Pia anawajibika kuendesha gari lolote au kushona nguo yoyote itakayotolewa na mwajiri, mradi tu mkataba unaeleza kazi kama hiyo. Hii ni kwa sababu ufafanuzi haukuwa kwa kazi yenyewe, bali kwa aina yake, hivyo kazi yoyote juu ya chochote ni ya lazima mradi ni ya aina ile ile aliyobainisha mkataba. Katika hali hii, ufafanuzi wake utakuwa kwa maelezo na si kwa kuitaja kwa jina mahususi, ikimwachia mfanyakazi uchaguzi wa kutekeleza chochote cha aina iliyokubaliwa.

However, if hiring was contracted over something which is described in one’s responsibility, or a described type of employee, or a certain job, the rule is different. In these cases, the employee can do the work and He is allowed to delegate a person to do the job on his behalf. If He becomes sick or is unable to do the work, He is bound to delegate a person to do the job instead of him. He is also under duty to drive any car or sew any dress provided by the employer as long the contract describes such work. This is because the definition was not for the work itself, but is for its type, so any work on anything is binding as long as it is of the same type as the contract specified. In this case its definition would be by description and not by naming it specifically, leaving the choice for the employee to perform anything of the contracted type.

Kufafanua aina ya kazi kunajumuisha kuelezea mfanyakazi atakayefanya kazi hiyo ili kuonyesha asili ya juhudi yake, kama vile mhandisi. Maelezo yake pia yanajumuisha kazi yenyewe, ambayo lazima itekelezwe. Hii inaeleza asili ya juhudi iliyotumika ndani yake, kama katika mfano wa kuchimba kisima. Kufafanua kazi kwa maelezo kama hayo kunafanana na kuifafanua kwa kuitaja kwa jina. Kwa hiyo, inakubalika kufafanua kazi kwa kuielezea au kwa kuitaja kwa jina mahsusi. Inatosha kuwa ni wajibu wa mtu, hata kama haionekani, kama kwamba ipo mbele yake na inaonekana. Kwa hiyo, kama ilivyo ruhusa kumwajiri mhandisi aliyetajwa kwa jina, aliyebainishwa mahsusi, ni ruhusa pia kumwajiri mhandisi wa aina fulani. Vilevile, inajuzu kumwajiri mshonaji ashone shati maalum, na pia inaruhusiwa kumwajiri mtu ashone shati la aina fulani.

Defining the type of work includes describing the worker who will do the job so as to demonstrate the nature of his effort, such as an engineer. Its description also includes the work, which has to be performed. This explains the nature of the effort spent in it, such as in the example of drilling a well. Defining the work by such description is similar to defining it by naming it. It is, therefore, acceptable to define the work by describing it or to define it by specifically naming it. It is enough to be due in one’s responsibility, though unseen, as if it is present and tangible. So, just as it is allowed to hire a named engineer, specifically defined, it is allowed to hire an engineer of a certain description. Similarly it is permissible to hire a tailor to sew a specific shirt and it is also allowed to hire a person to sew a shirt of a certain description.

Ikiwa mtu amekubali kufanya kazi fulani, anaruhusiwa kuikabidhi kwa mtu mwingine kwa ujira wa chini zaidi, na hivyo kupata faida ya tofauti hiyo. Hii ni kwa sababu anaruhusiwa kuwaajiri wengine kufanya kazi hiyo kwa ujira wowote. Shughuli ambazo wafanyabiashara, kama washonaji na maseremala, hufanya katika kuwaajiri wafanyakazi wanaowafanyia kazi, pamoja na kile ambacho wakandarasi hufanya katika kuwaajiri watu kutekeleza kazi ambayo wao wenyewe wamekabidhiwa kisheria, zote zinaruhusiwa, bila kujali wanachowalipa wafanyakazi wao. Hii bado ni kuajiri, iwe ni kwa ajili ya kutekeleza kazi maalum au kwa muda fulani. Wafanyakazi wote wa aina hii ni aina ya kazi binafsi, ambayo ni halali katika Shari'a.

If a person accepted to do some work, He is allowed to give it to another person with a lesser wage and thus profit by the difference. This is because He is allowed to hire others to do the work for any wage.What business people, like tailors and carpenters, do in terms of hiring workers to work for them, and what contractors do in terms of hiring people to do work they themselves have been contracted to perform, are all allowed, regardless of what they pay their employees. This is still hiring whether for performing specific works or for a certain period. All such workers are a type of private labour, which is lawful in Shar’a.

Kwa mtu kuwaajiri wafanyakazi kwa sharti kwamba achukue sehemu ya ujira wao, au ajiweke mwenyewe kuwa msimamizi juu yao badala ya sehemu ya ujira wao, hairuhusiwi. Hii ni kwa sababu angekuwa amejinyakulia sehemu ya ujira uliowekwa kwa ajili yao. Abu Dawud alisimulia kutoka kwa Abu Sa'id al-Khudri kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Jihadharini na al-ihtisab." Tukasema: "Ee Mjumbe wa Allah, al-ihtisab ni nini?" Akasema: "Ni jambo lililokubaliwa baina ya watu, lakini sehemu yake inapunguzwa." Katika riwaya nyingine kutoka kwa Ata, Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Ni mtu kuwa na mamlaka juu ya kundi la watu kisha akachukua sehemu ya mgao wao." Kwa hiyo, ikiwa mkandarasi alifanya makubaliano na mtu ya kumletea wafanyakazi mia moja, kila mmoja kwa dinari moja kwa siku, kisha akawapa kila mmoja chini ya dinari moja, hili halikubaliki. Kiasi alichokubaliana nacho kinachukuliwa kuwa ujira uliowekwa kwa kila mmoja wao. Kama angekata kutoka humo, angekuwa amechukua haki zao. Lakini ikiwa alikubaliana kumletea wafanyakazi mia moja bila kutaja ujira wao, basi mtu huyo anaruhusiwa kuwapa chini ya kiasi kilichokubaliwa, kwa kuwa hatakuwa amepunguza ujira wao uliowekwa.

For a person to hire workers on condition that He takes a part of their wages, or appoints himself as a supervisor over them in return for a part of their wages, is not allowed. This is because He would have then usurped a part of the wages assigned to them. Abu Dawud narrated from Abu S’aid al-Khudri that the Prophet (pbuh) (pbuh) said: “Beware of the apportionment. “We said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, what is the apportionment?’ He said: “A thing agreed among people, but a part is reduced of it.’” In another narration from Ataa, the Prophet (pbuh) (pbuh) said: “That a person is in control over a group of people so He takes from their shares.” So if a contractor made an agreement with a person so as to bring Him one hundred workers each for one dinar a day, and He gave each of them less than one dinar, this would not be allowed. The amount which He contracted for, is considered a defined wage for every one of them. If He deducted from it He would have taken from their rights. If however, He was contracted to bring one hundred workers without mentioning their wages, then the person is allowed to give them less than the contracted amount because He would have not reduced their assigned wages.

Ni sharti pia kwamba aina ya kazi ibainishwe kwa namna ambayo inajulikana, ili ukodishaji ufanyike juu ya kitu kinachojulikana. Hii ni kwa sababu kukodisha kwa kazi isiyojulikana ni batili. Kwa hiyo, mtu akimwambia mfanyakazi kwamba amekodiwa kubeba masanduku fulani ya bidhaa kwenda Misri kwa dinari kumi, basi ukodishaji huo ni halali. Pia ni halali akisema amekodiwa kuyabeba kwa dinari moja kwa kila tani, au akisema amekodiwa kuyabeba, tani moja kwa dinari moja, na kitu chochote zaidi ya hapo kitahesabiwa. Hili litakuwa halali mradi amesema maneno yanayoonyesha kwamba anapaswa kuyabeba yote. Lakini akisema ayabebe, tani moja kwa dinari moja, na kile kitakachozidi kitahesabiwa kulingana na hilo, yaani kile kitakachobebwa zaidi katika yale yaliyobaki, huu si ukodishaji halali, kwa sababu baadhi ya kitu kilichokubaliwa hakijulikani. Hata hivyo, akiomba kila tani ibebwe kwa dinari moja, hili ni halali, kama vile alivyokodishwa kumchotea maji kila mita kwa senti moja, jambo ambalo linaruhusiwa. Kwa hiyo ni sharti kwamba ukodishaji uhusu kitu kinachojulikana. Ikiwa hata hivyo kuna kutojua, ukodishaji unakuwa batili.

It is also a condition to define the type of work in such a manner that it becomes known, so that hiring is concluded over a known thing. This is because hiring for unknown work is invalid. So if a person told a worker that He had been hired to carry some particular boxes of goods to Egypt for ten dinars, then the hiring is valid (lawful). It is valid also if He said He had been hired to carry them for one dinar per ton, or if He had been hired to carry them, one ton for one dinar, and anything over that would be calculated. This will be valid as long as He used words that indicated that He should carry them all. But if He said to carry them, one ton for one dinar, and whatever is extra is to be calculated accordingly, meaning whatever extra was carried of the remaining ones, this is not valid, because some of the contracted matter is unknown. However, if He asked Him to carry every ton for one dinar, this is valid, just as if He had hired Him to draw for Him water, every metre for one pence, which is allowed. So it is a condition that hiring be about a known thing. If however ignorance is involved, the hiring becomes invalid.