8.1 Kile ambacho Dola hutoa katika Mali zake kwa Raia
8.1 That which the State gives of its Properties to the Citizens
Njia nyingine ya umiliki wa mali ni ile mali ambayo Dola hutoa kutoka mali ya Bait ul-Mal kwa raia ili kukidhi mahitaji yao au kuwanufaisha jamii kwa umiliki wao. Kuhusu kukidhi mahitaji yao, Dola huwapa mali ambazo kwazo wanalima ardhi au kulipa madeni yao. ’Umar bin Al-Khattab alitoa mali kutoka Bait ul-Mal kwa wakulima huko Iraq, ambayo kwayo aliwasaidia kupanda katika ardhi hii na kukidhi mahitaji yao bila kulipwa marejesho kutoka kwao. Shar’a ilimpa mdaiwa haki katika mali ya Zakat, ambayo hutolewa kwake ili kulipa deni lake endapo alishindwa kulilipa. Allah (SWT) amesema:
Another means of property ownership is that property which the State gives from the Bait ul-Mal properties to the citizens in order to meet their needs or to benefit the community by their ownership. With regard to the meeting of their needs, the State grants them properties with which they cultivate lands or repay their debts. ’Umar bin Al-Khattab gave properties from the Bait ul-Mal to the farmers in Iraq, by which He helped them to plant on this land and to meet their needs without being reimbursed from them. Shar’a made for the debtors a right in the Zakat property, from which they are given to repay their debts if they were unable to do so. Allah (swt) said:
"na wadeni." [At-Tawba: 60],
“and the debtors.” [At-Tauba: 60],
Kuhusu kunufaisha umma kupitia mali ya mtu binafsi, hili hutokea pale Dola inapowapa raia wake sehemu ya mali zake zisizotumika, kama vile Dola kuwapa ardhi isiyo na mmiliki. Kama alivyofanya Mtume ﷺ alipompa Abu Bakr na ’Umar sehemu ya ardhi alipohama kwenda Madina. Pia Mtume ﷺ alimpa Az-Zubair eneo pana la ardhi iliyokufa ya al-Naqee’a, kiasi cha farasi wake kuweza kukimbia ndani yake, na pia alimpa ardhi yenye miti na mitende. Vivyo hivyo, Makhalifa waongofu baada yake waliwapa Waislamu ardhi. Ardhi ambayo Dola inampa mtu huwa mali yake kupitia utoaji huo. Kwani umma unahitaji kunufaika na mali hii, kumwezesha mtu binafsi kuitumia mali hii, na kutumia juhudi zake za kiakili na kimwili kwa manufaa ya umma kupitia umiliki wake. Neno la utoaji (Iqta’a) linalotumika hapa ni la kilugha na la kisheria, na halina uhusiano wowote na mfumo unaojulikana wa kimwinyi (Iqta’a) ambao Uislamu haukuwahi kuukubali.
With regards to benefiting the community from the individual property, this occurs when the State grants to its citizens from its unused properties, such as the State giving land, which has no owner. As the Prophet (pbuh) did when He gave Abu Bakr and ’Umar some land when He (pbuh) emigrated to Madinah. He (pbuh) also gave Az-Zubair a wide area of dead land of al-Naqee’a, as much as his horse could run in, and He (pbuh) also gave Him land which had trees and palms. Similarly the rightly guided Khulafaa after Him gave lands to the Muslims. This land which the State gives to the person becomes his property through this granting. For the community is in need of the benefit of this property, of facilitating the individual to utilise this property, and of employing his mental and physical efforts for the benefit of the community by means of its ownership. This term of granting (Iqta’a) used here is lingistic and jurist one, and it has no relation with the known feudal (Iqta’a) system which Islam never acknowledged.
Kile ambacho Serikali inagawanya miongoni mwa mashujaa kutoka kwenye ngawira, na kile ambacho Imamu anawaruhusu kumiliki katika nyara za vita, pia ni mifano ya yale ambayo Serikali inawapa watu binafsi ili wayamiliki.
What the State distributes amongst the warriors from the booties, and what the Imam allows them to hold of the war spoils are also examples of what the State grants to the individuals for them to own.