Haki ya umiliki binafsi ni haki ya kisheria ya mtu binafsi anayekuwa na haki ya kumiliki mali zinazohamishika na zisizohamishika. Haki hii inalindwa na kuamuliwa na sheria na mila. Haki ya umiliki, mbali na kuwa maslahi yenye thamani ya fedha (ya kifedha) yanayoamuliwa na Shari'a, inaonyesha kwamba mtu binafsi ana udhibiti juu ya kile anachomiliki. Anaweza kukitumia au kukitoa kwa njia ile ile ambayo ana udhibiti juu ya vitendo vyake vya hiari. Haki ya umiliki hivyo imeamuliwa ndani ya mipaka ya amri na makatazo ya Allah (SWT).

The right of individual ownership is a legal right of the individual who has the right to possess movable and immovable assets. This right is protected and determined by legislation and culturing. The right of ownership, besides being an interest of monetary (financial) value determined by Shar’a, indicates that the individual has control over what He possesses. He may dispose of it in the same way that He has control over his optional actions. The right of ownership is thus determined within the limits of the commands and prohibitions of Allah (swt).

Uamuzi wa umiliki unadhihirika katika njia halali za kumiliki ambazo kwazo haki ya umiliki huamuliwa, na katika hali ambazo adhabu inaweza au isiweze kutumika. Mifano ya hilo ni ufafanuzi wa wizi, ufafanuzi wa unyang'anyi, na ufafanuzi wa kunyakua mali kinyume cha sheria. Uamuzi huu pia unadhihirika katika haki ya kutumia au kuondoa umiliki, ambapo baadhi ya aina za matumizi huruhusiwa na nyingine huzuiwa, pamoja na ufafanuzi wa aina hizi na kudhihirika kwa matukio yake. Uislamu unapoamua umiliki, hauamui kwa kiasi, bali kwa namna yake, kama inavyoonekana katika mambo yafuatayo:

The determination of ownership is evident in the legal means of possession by which the right of ownership is decided, and in the cases to which punishments may or may not be applicable. Examples of this are the definition of theft, the definition of robbery and the definition of illegal seizure. This determination is also evident in the right of disposal of the ownership, where some cases of disposal are allowed, and some other cases are prohibited, and in the definition of these cases and the manifestation of their incidents. When Islam determines ownership it does not determine it by quantity but rather by its manner as shown in the following matters:

1. Ilibainisha umiliki kwa kuzingatia njia za kumiliki na kuwekeza mali, badala ya kuzingatia kiasi cha mali inayomilikiwa.

1. It determined ownership in respect of the means of possession and investing of the property, rather than in the amount of the property owned.

2. Ilibainisha namna ya kuondoa (kutupa) kitu hicho.

2. It determined the manner of disposal.

3. Ukweli kwamba hati ya ardhi ya Kharaji inamilikiwa na Dola, si na watu binafsi.

3. The fact that the Kharaji land title is owned by the State, not the individuals.

4. Ukweli kwamba mali ya mtu binafsi inakuwa mali ya umma kwa nguvu katika baadhi ya hali.

4. The fact that individual property forcibly becomes a public property in certain cases.

5. Dola hutoa kiasi kinachoonekana kuwa cha lazima kwa wale ambao njia zao za umiliki haziwatoshelezi kukidhi mahitaji yao.

5. The State grants amounts deemed necessary to those whose means of ownership are insufficient to cater for their needs.

Ni jambo lisiloepukika kwamba, ili kuhakikisha haki halali za umiliki wa mali ya mtu binafsi, lazima kuwepo na mamlaka iliyobainishwa juu ya kile anachomiliki. Sheria hufanya kulinda haki ya umiliki ya mtu binafsi kuwa wajibu wa Serikali. Inahakikisha kuheshimiwa kwa umiliki, ulinzi wake, na kutokuwepo kwa uvamizi dhidi yake. Sheria pia huweka adhabu zinazotumika kwa wale wanaokiuka haki hii, iwe kwa wizi, unyang'anyi, au kwa njia nyingine yoyote. Katika malezi, mkazo huwekwa katika kudhibiti tamaa za watu ili wasitamani kile ambacho hawana haki ya kumiliki, na kile kinachomilikiwa na wengine. Kwa hiyo mali pekee ya halali (Halal) ni ile inayoangukia ndani ya maana ya umiliki. Na mali isiyo halali (Haram) haichukuliwi kuwa umiliki, wala haiangukii ndani ya maana ya umiliki.

It is inevitable that in order to ensure legal rights of ownership of individual property, a defined authority for Him over what He owns should exist. Legislation makes the securing of the individuals right of ownership a duty upon the State. It ensures the respect of ownership, its protection and non-aggression against it. Legislation incorporates deterrents in the form of punishments, which are enforced upon those who infringe on this right, whether by stealing, robbery, or in any other manner. During culturing, emphasis is placed to curtail the desires of people from longing for that which they have no right to own, and that which is owned by others. So the only legal (Halal) property is that which falls within the meaning of ownership. And the illegal (Haram) property is not considered ownership, nor does it fall within the meaning of ownership.