Biashara ya nje ni uhusiano wa Dola na mataifa, watu na mataifa mengine kwa mtazamo wa kibiashara. Kwa maneno mengine, ni usimamizi wa mambo ya kibiashara ya Ummah kwa mtazamo wa nje. Sera hii inapaswa kujengwa juu ya misingi maalum, na inapaswa kuizingatia. Mitazamo ya mataifa kuhusu biashara ya nje hutofautiana kulingana na mitazamo mbalimbali wanayoshikilia kuhusu maisha, na kila taifa kwa hivyo litaamua uhusiano wake na mataifa ya kigeni kulingana na hayo. Mtazamo wa taifa kuhusu biashara ya nje pia utatofautiana kulingana na mtazamo wake kuhusu maslahi yake ya kiuchumi, yanayolenga kupata faida ya kiuchumi.

Foreign trade is the relationship of the State with other states, peoples and nations from a commercial angle. In other words, it is the management of the Ummah’s commercial affairs from a foreign angle. This policy should be based on specific fundamentals, and it should adhere to. The nations’ viewpoints about foreign trade vary according to the various viewpoints they hold about life, and each nation would therefore determine her relationships with foreign nations accordingly. A nation’s viewpoint about foreign trade would also vary according to her viewpoint about her own economic interests, aimed at achieving economic gain.

Tunaona basi kwamba, kwa Wasoshalisti, uhusiano wa biashara ya nje umejengwa juu ya mtazamo wao wa kisoshalisti kuhusu kuiendeleza dunia. Kwani, ingawa wanaona faida za kiuchumi, wao huziainisha bidhaa kulingana na nchi wanazofanya nazo biashara. Kwa mfano, wangejaribu kuiuzia Syria vifaa vya kilimo, mbolea, dawa, vifaa vya viwandani kwa ajili ya kutengeneza bidhaa za matumizi kama jibini na nguo, pamoja na vifaa vya kulimia na vinginevyo. Kwa mtazamo wao, hili lingesaidia kuelekea maendeleo ya ubepari. Iwapo wangeagiza bidhaa zozote, wangeagiza tu zile zinazoboresha uzalishaji na zile wanazozihitaji, ingawa desturi hii kwa sasa inapungua. Hili kwa kweli linapingana na sera za nchi za kibepari, kama Uingereza kwa mfano, ambayo daima hutafuta faida ya kimali, ikiweka dhana ya manufaa ya haraka kiini cha sera yake ya biashara ya nje. Ingeziuzia bidhaa watu na mataifa yote mradi tu inapata faida ya kiuchumi. Kuhusu sera ya Marekani ya kuzuia biashara na Urusi na China kwa aina fulani tu za bidhaa na kupiga marufuku kabisa aina nyingine, hili halihusiani na mtazamo huo, bali na sera yake ya vita. Hii ni kwa sababu inazichukulia nchi hizi mbili kuwa mataifa yanayoweza kuwa ya uadui, ingawa si kwamba ziko vitani nayo kwa hakika. Mbali na hili, sera ya biashara ya Marekani imejengwa juu ya manufaa ya haraka.

We note therefore, that to the Socialists, the foreign trade relation is based on their Socialist viewpoint about developing the world. For, although they observe economic gains, they classify the commodities according to the countries they deal with. They would attempt to sell to Syria for instance, farming equipment, fertiliser, medicines, industrial equipment for manufacturing of consumable goods, such as cheese and clothing, as well as ploughing equipment and the like. This, in their view, would help the progress towards capitalism. If they imported any commodities, they would only import that which improves the production, and that which they need, although this practice is at present, diminishing. This in fact is in contrast to the policies of the capitalist countries, such as Britain for instance, who always looks for material gain, placing the concept of expediency at the heart of her foreign trade policy. She would sell commodities to all peoples and nations as long as it achieves economic gain. As for the American policy of restricting trading with Russia and China to specific types of commodities and of a total ban on other types, this is not related to the viewpoint, rather to her war policy. This is because she considers these two countries potentially belligerent states, even though they are not effectively at war with her. Apart from this, the American trade policy is based on expediency.

Hata hivyo, wanauchumi wa Magharibi wamekuwa na mitazamo tofauti kuhusu biashara ya nje, na matokeo yake, madhehebu mbalimbali ya mawazo yameibuka, baadhi yake ni haya yafuatayo: (angalia makala inayofuata)

However, western economists have held different viewpoints about foreign trade and as a result, various schools of thought have emerged, some of these are the following: (check next article)