Umiliki wa mtu binafsi ni kanuni ya kimungu inayopimwa kwa mali au kwa manufaa, na kwa hiyo humwezesha mmiliki kutumia mali hiyo na kupata malipo kwa ajili yake. Hii inaweza kuwa katika mfano wa umiliki wa mtu wa mkate mmoja au nyumba. Kupitia umiliki wake wa mkate, anaweza kuula au kuuza. Vivyo hivyo, kupitia umiliki wake wa nyumba, anaweza kuishi ndani yake au kuiuza. Katika mifano yote miwili, mkate na nyumba ni mali. Kanuni ya kimungu inayohusu mali hizo ni ruhusa ya Mwenye Kutoa Sheria kwa binadamu kuzitumia kwa kuzila, kunufaika nazo au kuzibadilishana. Ruhusa ya kutumia inamaanisha kwamba mmiliki anaweza kula mkate na kuishi katika nyumba, pamoja na kuweza kuziuza. Kuhusu mkate, kanuni ya kimungu inapimwa kwa mali yenyewe, ambayo ni ruhusa ya kuula. Kuhusu nyumba, kanuni ya kimungu inapimwa kwa manufaa, ambayo ni ruhusa ya kuishi ndani yake. Hivyo umiliki unafafanuliwa kuwa ruhusa ya Mwenye Kutoa Sheria ya kutumia mali. Kwa msingi huo, umiliki haupatikani isipokuwa pale Mwenye Kutoa Sheria anapouruhusu na kuruhusu njia zake. Haki ya kumiliki mali haitokani na mali yenyewe, wala kutokana na asili yake kwa kuwa na manufaa au madhara. Badala yake, inatokana na ruhusa ya Mwenye Kutoa Sheria, na kuruhusu kwake njia inayoifanya mali imilikiwe kihalali. Kwa hilo, Mwenye Kutoa Sheria anaruhusu umiliki wa baadhi ya mali na kuukataza wa nyingine. Pia anaruhusu baadhi ya mikataba na kukataza nyingine. Hivyo, Mwenye Kutoa Sheria amewakataza Waislamu kumiliki divai na nguruwe, na amekataza mali iliyopatikana kwa riba na kamari kumilikiwa na raia yeyote wa Dola ya Kiislamu. Ameruhusu kuuza, na hivyo kulifanya kuwa halali, na amekataza riba, na hivyo kuifanya kuwa haramu. Ameruhusu ushirika wa ‘Anan (ushirikiano wa mwili na fedha) na amekataza vyama vya ushirika, kampuni za hisa na bima.

Individual ownership is a divine rule estimated in terms of asset or benefit, which accordingly enables the owner to utilise the asset and to receive compensation for it. This could be in the form of a person’s ownership of, for example, a loaf of bread or a house. He is able through his ownership of the loaf, to eat it or to sell it. Similarly, through his ownership of the house, He is able to live in it or sell it. In both examples, the loaf of bread and the house are assets. The divine rule concerning them is the Law-Giver’s permission for man to utilise them by consuming them, benefiting from them or exchanging them. The permission of utilisation entails that the owner is able to eat the loaf and live in the house, as well as being able to sell them. With regard to the loaf, the divine rule is estimated by the asset, which is the permission to consume it. With regard to the house, the divine rule is estimated by the benefit, which is the permission to live in it. Ownership is thus defined as the Lawgiver’s permission for utilising the asset. Accordingly, ownership is not established except when the Lawgiver allows it and allows its means. The right of owning the asset does not result from the asset itself, or from its nature by being either beneficial or harmful. Rather it results from the permission of the Lawgiver, and from His allowing of the means that permits an asset to be legally owned. By this, the Lawgiver permits the ownership of some assets and prohibits the ownership of others. He also permits some contracts and prohibits others. Thus, the Lawgiver prohibited the ownership of wine and pigs by Muslims, and prohibited the ownership of property acquired through usury and gambling by any citizens of the Islamic State. He permitted selling, thus making it Halal, and prohibited usury thus making it Haram. He permitted the company of ‘Anan (partnership by body & finance) and prohibited co-operatives, joint stock companies and insurance.

Umiliki halali una masharti yake, na matumizi yake yana vikwazo. Umiliki haupaswi kuingilia maslahi ya jamii au maslahi ya mtu binafsi aliye sehemu ya jamii na anayeishi katika jamii fulani. Matumizi ya mali iliyomilikiwa hupatikana tu kupitia Ash-Shaari', ambaye humpa mtu binafsi mali hiyo kwa kufuata njia alizoziweka za kimungu. Umiliki ni kitendo cha Ash-Shaari' cha kumkabidhi mtu mmoja katika jamii kitu fulani, ambacho Yeye asingekuwa na haki ya kukimiliki kama si hivyo.

Legal ownership has conditions and its disposal has constraints. Ownership should not interfere with the interests of the community or the interests of the individual who is part of a community and living in a particular society. Utilisation of the owned asset only comes about through the Lawgiver, Who grants it to the individual by following the divine means. Ownership is the Lawgiver’s assignment to an individual in the community of a particular thing, which He would not otherwise have the right to own.

Hata hivyo, umiliki wa mali ni umiliki wa mali yenyewe pamoja na manufaa yake. Lengo halisi la umiliki ni kutumia mali hiyo kwa njia iliyoagizwa na Shari'a.

However the ownership of an asset is ownership of the asset itself and of its benefit. The real aim of the ownership is to utilise the asset in a manner enjoined by the Shar’a.

Kwa kuzingatia ufafanuzi huu wa umiliki binafsi, inaeleweka kwamba kuna njia halali za kumiliki. Pia inaeleweka kwamba kuna njia fulani za kuondoa umiliki huu, na namna fulani ambayo vitu vinavyomilikiwa vinaweza kutumiwa.

In light of this definition of individual ownership, it can be understood that there are legal means of ownership. It can also be understood that there are certain methods for the disposal of this ownership and a certain manner in which owned things may be utilised.

Matukio yanayochukuliwa kuwa uvamizi dhidi ya haki ya umiliki wa mtu binafsi yanaweza hivyo kueleweka. Hivyo, maana halisi ya umiliki ambayo Ash-Shaari' ameifafanua kama juhudi ya kupata mali pamoja na matumizi yake, inaeleweka kama ufafanuzi halisi wa umiliki. Kwa maneno mengine, ufafanuzi halisi wa umiliki unaonyesha maana halisi ya umiliki.

Incidents that are considered to be an aggression against the right of individual ownership may therefore be understood. Thus the true meaning of possession which the Lawgiver defined as the striving for a possession as well as its utilisation is understood as the true definition of ownership. In other words, the true definition of ownership indicates the true meaning of ownership.