19 Hifadhi (Hima) kwa Maslahi ya Umma - Mfumo wa Kiuchumi wa Uislamu | Quran Course

19 Hifadhi (Hima) kwa Maslahi ya Umma - Mfumo wa Kiuchumi wa Uislamu | Quran Course

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19 Hifadhi (Hima) kwa Maslahi ya Umma

19 Seclusion (Hima) in the Public Interests

by Taqiuddin an-Nabhani2 min readViewed 89 times

Kuna haki kwa watu wote ya kunufaika na huduma za umma, kwa madhumuni ambayo yamewekwa kwayo. Haziwezi kutumiwa isipokuwa kwa madhumuni ambayo zimewekwa kwayo. Hivyo, haijuzu kutumia barabara kwa ajili ya mapumziko (kuegesha kwa ajili ya kupumzika), wala kuegesha kwa ajili ya biashara, wala chochote ambacho barabara haikuwepo kwa ajili yake. Hii ni kwa sababu barabara imekuwepo kwa ajili ya kupitia juu yake; isipokuwa iwe inatumiwa kwa namna ambayo haizuii kupita, na matumizi haya ya pembeni yanakadiriwa kuwa ni yale yasiyosababisha madhara wala ugumu kwa wapita njia. Mito nayo haipaswi kutumiwa kwa jambo lisilo lile ambalo imekuwepo kwa ajili yake. Hivyo, ikiwa mto upo kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji, kama ilivyo kwa mfano mto mdogo, basi usitumiwe kwa usafirishaji wa majini (kusafirisha meli), ilhali ikiwa upo kwa ajili ya mambo yote mawili, kama vile Mto Nile na Mto Tigris, unaweza kutumiwa kwa yote mawili.

There is a right for all the people to benefit from the public utilities, for the purpose for which they are designated. They should not be used except for the purpose for which they are designated. Thus, it is not allowed to use a road for the purpose of a recess (parking for a break), nor parking to trade, nor anything that the road did not exist for. This is because the road exists for the purpose of travelling upon it; unless it were to be used in such a way that does not interfere with travelling; and this marginal use is evaluated as that which does not cause harm or difficulty for passers by. Rivers also should not be used for other than the matter, which they exist for. So if a river exists for irrigation, as would be the case for example with a small river, then it should not be used for navigation (shipping), while if it exists for both matters, like the Nile and Tigris, it may be used for both.

“Hakuna hima (kuzuiwa kwa malisho) isipokuwa kwa Allah na Mjumbe wake,” imesimuliwa na Abu Dawud kupitia Ass’ab ibn Jathama. Asili ya hima kwa Waarabu ni kwamba kiongozi wao, alipopiga kambi mahali penye rutuba, alikuwa akimwachia mbwa abweke juu ya sehemu ya juu iliyoinuka, na mahali sauti ya mbwa ilipofika pande zote, eneo hilo lilikuwa linalindwa kwa ajili yake, na hakuna mtu aliyeruhusiwa kupeleka mifugo yake kulisha ndani yake, huku yeye mwenyewe akiendelea kulisha mifugo yake pamoja na watu wengine katika maeneo mengine. Kwa hiyo hima ni mahali palipolindwa, na ni tofauti na mahali pa mubah (pasipozuiwa). Hivyo, Uislamu ulikataza watu kujitengea kwa matumizi yao binafsi chochote katika mali ya umma, kwa kuwazuia wengine. Kwa hiyo maana ya Hadithi ni kwamba hakuna mtu anayeruhusiwa kulinda (kwa matumizi yake) chochote katika vitu hivyo, ambavyo ni mali ya Waislamu wote, isipokuwa Allah na Mjumbe wake, kwa kuwa hao pekee wana haki ya kulinda chochote katika vitu hivyo wanavyoona kinafaa. Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alitenda kwa mujibu wa hili, kwa hiyo alilinda baadhi ya maeneo. Imesimuliwa kutoka kwa Ibn ’Umar, “kwamba Nabii ﷺ alilinda (ardhi ya) Naqee’a kwa ajili ya farasi wa Waislamu,” imesimuliwa na Abu Ubayd katika kitabu Al-amwal (mali), yaani Nabii ﷺ alilinda mahali paitwapo an-Naqee’a, yaani ardhi iliyolowana maji kabisa na hivyo kuwa yenye rutuba; ilikuwa umbali wa farsakh 20 (kipimo cha urefu) kutoka Al-Madina. Hivyo watu walikatazwa kuishi katika ardhi hii isiyolimwa, ili malisho yaweze kukua, na mifugo maalum iliruhusiwa kulisha huku wengine wakikatazwa.

“There is no seclusion (Hima) except for Allah and His Messenger,” narrated by Abu Dawud through Ass’ab ibn Jathama. The origin of seclusion (Hima) to the Arabs was that their chief, when he camped in a fertile place, would let a dog bark at the top of a high place, and wherever the voice of the dog reached on all sides, that area would be protected for him, and no one would be allowed to send his cattle (flock) to graze inside it, while he was still able to graze his flock with other people in other places. So the sanctuary (Hima) is the protected place, and it is different from the allowed (Mubah) place. Thus, Islam prevented people from secluding any of the public things for their own use to the exclusion of the others. Accordingly, the meaning of the Hadith is that no one is allowed to protect (for one’s use) any of those things, which belong to all Muslims, except Allah and His Messenger, for only they have the right to protect any of these things they deem appropriate. The Messenger of Allah acted in accordance with this, so he protected some places. It is narrated from Ibn ’Umar, “that the Prophet protected the (land of) Naqee’a for the horses of the Muslims,” narrated by Abu Ubayd in the book of Al-amwal (properties) i.e. the Prophet protected a place called an-Naqee’a i.e. a land which was thoroughly soaked with water and was therefore fertile, it was 20 farsakh (a measure of length) from Al-Madina. So people were prohibited from inhabiting this dead (uncultivated) land, thus the pastures could grow, and special flocks were allowed to graze whilst others were prohibited.