Allah (SWT) amefanya mali kuwa njia ya kutimiza maslahi za binadamu katika dunia hii, na Yeye (SWT) ameruhusu biashara kuwa njia ya kupata maslahi hizi. Ni kweli kusema kwamba kile ambacho kila mtu anakitaka hakipatikani katika kila mahali, na kwamba kuchukua kitu kwa nguvu na kwa kuwashinda wengine ni ufisadi. Hivyo, inapaswa kuwepo mfumo utakaomwezesha kila mtu kupata kile anachokihitaji bila kutumia nguvu wala mabavu. Biashara ni mfumo huo, na zipo kanuni za kuuza na kununua. Allah (SWT) anasema,

Allah (swt) made the property a means to establish the interests of human beings in this Dunya (worldly life) and He (swt) allowed trading as a way to gain these interests (Masalih). It is true to say that what everybody wants is not available in every location and that taking something by force and overpowering is corrupt. Thus, there should be a system that enables everybody to take that which He needs without resorting to force and strength. Trading is that system, and there are rules of selling. Allah (swt) says,

“Enyi mlioamini! Msiitumie mali yenu miongoni mwenu kwa upuuzi, isipokuwa iwe ni biashara kwa ridhaa ya pande zote mbili.” [An-Nisa: 29]. Biashara ni ya aina mbili; ile iliyohalalishwa (Halal) ambayo kwa lugha ya Shari’a huitwa kuuza (Bai’a), na ile iliyoharamishwa (Haram) ambayo huitwa riba (Riba). Kila moja ya hizi ni biashara. Allah ametujulisha kuhusu makafiri kwamba walikataa kwa akili zao tofauti iliyopo kati ya biashara na riba. Allah (SWT) anasema:

“O you who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it may be a trade by mutual consent.” [An-Nisa: 29]. Trading is of two types; that which is allowed (Halal) and is called selling (Bai’a) in Shar’a and that which is forbidden (Haram) and is called usury (Riba). Each of these is trading. Allah has informed us about the disbelievers that they rejected rationally the (existence of a) difference between trading and usury. Allah (swt) says:

“Hilo ni kwa sababu wao husema: Biashara ni kama riba tu.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] Kisha Yeye (SWT) akatofautisha baina yao kupitia Halali na Haramu kwa kusema:

“That is because they say: Selling is just like usury.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] He (swt) then differentiated between them through Halal and Haram by saying:

“Ambapo Allah amehalalisha biashara ya kuuza na kuuzia, na ameharamisha riba.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] Tumelielewa kutokana na hili kwamba kila mojawapo ya haya ni biashara, na ile iliyoruhusiwa na Shari'a ni kuuza. Mchakato wa kuuza unakamilishwa na pande mbili. Mmoja wao hutoa pendekezo (Ijab) na mwingine hukubali (Qabool). Haya huonyeshwa kwa neno “nimeuza” na “nimenunua” au maneno yoyote au kitendo chochote chenye maana hizi. Mmiliki wa bidhaa ana haki ya kufanya uuzaji na kumteua mtu kuwa wakala au mjumbe wa kutekeleza uuzaji kwa niaba yake. Pia anaruhusiwa kumwajiri mtu atakayefanya uuzaji kwa niaba yake, kwa sharti kwamba ujira wake umefafanuliwa. Ikiwa atamwajiri mtu kwa sehemu ya faida, atakuwa mshirika kimya, na kanuni ya mshirika badala ya mwajiriwa itamhusu. Pia anaruhusiwa kununua mali mwenyewe au kupitia wakala wake, mwakilishi wake, au kumkodisha mtu atakayenunua kwa ajili yake. Kwa muhtasari, biashara ni halali. Ni njia ya kuongeza umiliki, na inaonekana katika sheria za kuuza na ushirika (ushirikiano wa kibiashara). Biashara imetajwa katika Qur’ani na Hadith. Allah (SWT) amesema:

“Whereas Allah permitted selling and prohibited usury.” [Al-Baqarah: 275] We understood from this that each of them is trading, and the one which is permitted by Shar’a is selling. The selling process is concluded by two parties. One of them gives the offer (Ijab) and the other accepts (Qabool). These are expressed with the word “I sold” and “I bought” or any words or action which hold these meanings. The owner of the commodity has the right to carry out the selling and to deputise somebody as an agent or as a Messenger to execute the selling on his behalf. He is allowed also to employ a person to perform the selling on his behalf, on condition that his wage is defined. If He employed someone for part of the profit He would be a silent partner, and the rule of the partner rather than the employee will be applied upon him. He is also allowed to buy the property himself or through his agent, his representative or to hire a person who will buy for him. In summary, trading is allowed. It is a form of increasing the ownership, and it is evident in the laws of selling and company (partnership). Trading came in the Qur’an and the Hadith. Allah (swt) said:

"Isipokuwa ikiwa ni biashara halisi mnayohamishiana baina yenu mkono kwa mkono. Katika hali hiyo si dhambi kwenu ikiwa hamtaiandika."

“Save only in the case when it is actual trading which you transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if you write it not.” [Al-Baqarah: 282],

Rifa'a amesimulia kwamba alitoka pamoja na Mtume wa Allah ﷺ kuelekea mahali pa kuswalia, akaona watu wakifanya biashara. Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akasema, "Enyi wafanyabiashara!" Wakamjibu Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, wakanyoosha shingo zao na macho yao kumwelekea. Akasema ﷺ, "Wafanyabiashara watafufuliwa Siku ya Hukumu kama fujjar (waovu), isipokuwa wale waliokuwa wacha Mungu na waaminifu." Al-Tirmidhi ameripoti kwamba Abu Sa'id amesimulia kwamba Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: "Mfanyabiashara mwaminifu na mwenye kuaminika atafufuliwa pamoja na manabii, waadilifu na mashahidi." Biashara ni ya aina mbili: biashara ya ndani na biashara ya nje. Biashara ya ndani ni kuuza na kununua baina ya watu kwa bidhaa, iwe ni bidhaa za uzalishaji wao wenyewe, za kilimo au za viwanda, au bidhaa za watu wengine ambazo zinazunguka katika nchi yao. Biashara ya ndani inaruhusiwa bila vikwazo, isipokuwa kwa kanuni zinazohusiana na uuzaji. Kuhusu bidhaa, aina zake, na usafirishaji wake ndani ya nchi kutoka mahali hadi mahali, ni jukumu la kila mfanyabiashara kufanya biashara ndani ya kanuni za Shari'a. Dola haina jukumu katika biashara ya ndani isipokuwa kwa usimamizi tu. Kuhusu biashara ya nje, ni ununuzi wa bidhaa kutoka nje ya nchi, iwe bidhaa hizo ni za kilimo au za viwanda. Aina hii ya biashara iko chini ya usimamizi wa moja kwa moja wa Dola, kwa hiyo Dola inasimamia moja kwa moja uingizaji na usafirishaji wa bidhaa hizi na inawasimamia wafanyabiashara wa kivita na wa amani (wale waliofungwa na mikataba).

Rifa’a narrated that He went out with the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to the prayer place and He saw the people trading. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, “O traders!” They responded to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and raised their necks and eyes towards him. He (pbuh) said, “Traders will be resurrected on the Day of Judgement as fujjar (wrongdoers) except those who were righteous and honest.” Al-Tirmidhi reported that Abu Sa’id narrated that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “The honest trustworthy merchant will be resurrected with the prophets, righteous and the martyrs.” Trading is of two types, domestic and foreign. Domestic trading is the selling and buying which occurs among the people over commodities, whether they are of their own products, agricultural or industrial, or of other peoples products, where they are circulated in their own country. Domestic trading is allowed without constraints, except by those rules connected with selling. With regard to the commodities, their types, and their transfer inside the country from place to place, it is left to every merchant to trade within the rules of Shar’a. The State has nothing to do with the domestic trading except through supervision only. Regarding foreign trade, it is the purchase of commodities from abroad, whether such commodities were agricultural or industrial. This type of trading is subject to the direct supervision of the State, so it directly supervises the import and export of these commodities and supervises the belligerent and peaceful (those bound by treaties) merchants.