16 Mali ya Umma (Al-Milkiyyah Al-Ammah) - Mfumo wa Kiuchumi wa Uislamu | Quran Course

16 Mali ya Umma (Al-Milkiyyah Al-Ammah) - Mfumo wa Kiuchumi wa Uislamu | Quran Course

Ama kuhusu kiasi kisichohesabika ambacho hakiwezi kuisha kwa kawaida, ni mali ya umma na hakipaswi kumilikiwa na mtu binafsi kwa sababu ya yale aliyoyasimulia At-Tirmidhi kutoka kwa Abyadh bin Hammal kwamba alimwendea Mtume ﷺ na kumwomba amkabidhi ardhi yenye chumvi, naye akamkabidhi. Alipoondoka, mtu mmoja aliyekuwepo kwa Mtume ﷺ alisema: “Je, unajua ulichomkabidhi? Umempa maji yasiyohesabika (Al-‘udd).” Kisha akamchukulia.” Alilinganisha (katika Hadithi hii) na maji yasiyohesabika (Al-‘Udd) kwa sababu hayaishi. Kwa hiyo Hadithi hii inaonyesha kwamba Mtume ﷺ alimpa Abyadh bin Hammal mlima wenye chumvi, maana yake ni kwamba inaruhusiwa kukabidhi mgodi wa chumvi. Hata hivyo, alipogundua kuwa ulikuwa miongoni mwa migodi ya kudumu au ya kuendelea isiyoisha, alibatilisha kukabidhi kwake na kuurudisha, hivyo akakataza kumilikiwa na watu binafsi kwa kuwa ni mali ya umma. Kinachokusudiwa hapa si chumvi, bali ni mgodi wa chumvi. Ushahidi wa hili ni kwamba alipojua kuwa haukuwa ukiisha, alikataza umilikaji wake binafsi, licha ya kwamba alijua ni chumvi na kwamba alikuwa amemkabidhi awali. Kwa hiyo katazo lake lilitokana na kutoisha kwake. Abu Ubayd alisema: “Kuhusu kumkabidhi kwake (yaani Mtume ﷺ) Abyadh bin Hammal chumvi (iliyopatikana) huko Ma’reb, kisha kumchukulia, alifanya hivyo akizingatia kuwa ni ardhi iliyokufa (isiyotumika) ambayo Abyadh angeihuisha na kuilima.”

As for the uncountable quantity which cannot be normally depleted, it is a public property and should not be possessed individually due to what At-Tirmidhi narrated from Abyadh ibn Hammal that he came to the Prophet and asked him to grant him a salt laden land, and he granted it to him. And when he left, one person in attendance with the Prophet said, “Do you know what you granted him? You granted him the uncountable water (Al-‘udd)”. He then took it away from him.” He compared it (in this Hadith) with the uncountable (Al-‘Udd) water because it does not deplete. So this Hadith indicates that the Prophet granted the salty mountain to Abyadh ibn Hammal, which means that it is allowed to grant a salt mine. However, when he realised that it was of the permanent or continuous mines which are nondepletable, he reversed his grant and took it back thereby prohibiting its ownership by individuals as it is a public property. What is meant here is not the salt, but rather the salt mine. The evidence for this is that when he knew it was non-depletable he prohibited its private ownership, despite the fact that he knew it was salt and that he had initially granted it. So its prohibition was due to its being non-depletable. Abu Ubayd said, “With regards to his (i.e. the Prophet) granting to Abyadh ibn Hammal of the salt (found) in Ma’reb, then taking it away from him, he did it considering it as a dead (unused) land which Abyadh was going to revive and cultivate.