Mawlas
Mawlas
39. 一个“mawla”(麦瓦拉,即被释奴或盟友)可以说“我是某某家族的人”吗?
39. Can a mawla say, "I am from so-and-so"?
74. 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Habib 说:"'Abdullah ibn 'Umar 问我:'你属于哪个部族?'我回答说:'来自塔米姆部落的泰姆支系。'他问:'是他们本族的人,还是他们的世袭被释奴(mawla)?'我说:'是他们的世袭被释奴。'他说:'那你为什么不说"是他们的世袭被释奴"呢?'"
74. 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn Habib said, "'Abdullah ibn 'Umar asked me, 'Which clan are you from?' I replied, 'From Taym of Tamim.' He asked, 'One of themselves or one of their mawlas?' 'One of their mawlas,' I replied. He said, 'So why did you not say, 'One of their mawlas'?"
40. 一个群体的мawla(mawlā,意为保护者、盟友或释奴主人),即是其中的一员。 Wait, I made a typo: the Arabic term should not be in Cyrillic. Corrected: 40. 一个群体的 mawlā(意为保护者、盟友或被释奴的主人)即是其中的一员。
40. The mawla of a people is one of them
75. 拉法尔·本·拉菲尔传述:先知ﷺ对欧麦尔说:"你去把你的人(即迁士)为我召集来。"他便去召集了。他们到达先知ﷺ的门前时,欧麦尔来到先知ﷺ面前说:"我已为您召集了我的人。"安萨尔听到此事后说:"关于古赖什人的启示降下了。"人们前来观看,想听听将对迁士说些什么。先知ﷺ出来,站在他们中间,说:"你们中间有不属于你们的人吗?"他们回答说:"有,我们中间有与我们订立盟约的人,还有我们的侄子和我们的被释奴。"先知ﷺ说:"我们的盟友是我们中的一员。我们的侄子是我们中的一员。我们的被释奴是我们中的一员。你们这些听众啊:你们中间我们的朋友,是敬畏安拉的人。你们若是其中之一,那就很好;若不是这样,那就当心。人们将在复活日带着自己的行为而来,你们却将背负重担而来,并被弃绝。"接着他高声说:"人们啊!"他举起双手,放在古赖什人的头上。"人们啊!古赖什人是可信赖之人。凡欺压他们的人(传述者中有一人认为他说的是'非难他们'),安拉都会颠覆他。"他连续说了三遍。
75. Rifa'a ibn Rafi' reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to 'Umar, "Gather your people [the Muhajirun] for me." He did so. When they reached the door of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Umar came to him and said, "I have gathered my people for you." The Ansar heard that and said, "Revelation has been revealed about Quraysh." People came to see and hear what would be said to them [the Muhajirun]. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came out and stood in the midst of them. He said, "Are there those among you who are not of you?" They replied, "Yes, there are those among us with whom we have made treaties as well as our nephews and our mawlas." The Prophet said, "Our ally is one of us. Our nephew is one of us. Our mawla is one of us." You who are listening: our friends among you are those who have taqwa of Allah. If you are one of them, then that is good. If that is not the case, then look out. People will bring their actions on the Day of Rising and you will come with burdens and you will be shunned." Then he called out, "O people!" He raised his hands and put them on the heads of Quraysh. "O people! Quraysh are the people of trustworthiness. If anyone who oppresses them (and one of the transmitters thought that he said, 'faults them'), Allah will overturn him." He repeated that three times.