لَمَّا أَوْجَبَ الشَّرْعُ عَلَى الأُمَّةِ نَصْبَ خَلِيفَةٍ، حَدَّدَ لَهَا الطَّرِيقَةَ الَّتِي يُنْصَبُ بِهَا الخَلِيفَةُ. وَهَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةُ ثَابِتَةٌ بِالكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ. وَالمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِعْطَاءُ البَيْعَةِ هُمُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ رَعَايَا الخِلَافَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ الوَقْتِ. وَفِي حَالِ عَدَمِ وُجُودِ خِلَافَةٍ، فَإِنَّ المُسْلِمِينَ الْمَسْؤُولِينَ عَنْ إِعْطَاءِ البَيْعَةِ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَعِيشُونَ فِي الإِقْلِيمِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ أَنْ تُطَبَّقَ فِيهِ الخِلَافَةُ.

When Shara made it incumbent upon the Ummah to appoint a Khalifah, it determined for her the method by which the Khalifah is appointed. This method is proven in the Book and the Sunnah. The Muslims who must give the bayah are those that are citizens of the Khilafah at that time. In the case where there is no Khilafah the Muslims responsible for giving the bayah are those living in the region where the Khilafah should be implemented. .

تُثبَت طريقةُ انتخاب الخليفة بالبيعة من خلال مثال البيعة التي قدّمها المسلمون للنبي ﷺ، ومن أمر الرسول ﷺ لنا بمبايعة الإمام. ولم تكن بيعةُ المسلمين لرسول الله ﷺ بيعةً على النبوة، بل كانت بيعةً على الحكم، لأنها كانت متعلقة بالفعل لا بالاعتقاد. ولذلك بُويع رسولُ الله ﷺ بوصفه حاكماً، لا بوصفه نبيّاً أو رسولاً ﷺ. وذلك لأن الإقرار بالنبوة والرسالة مرتبطٌ بالإيمان، لا بالبيعة. ومن هنا لم تكن البيعةُ له ﷺ إلا بصفته رئيسَ الدولة.

The method of electing the Khalifah through a bayah is proved from the example of the Bayah given by the Muslims to the Prophet (P.B.U.H), and from the order of the Messenger (P.B.U.H) to us, to pledge Bay’ah to the Imam. The Bayah of the Muslims to the Messenger (P.B.U.H) was not a Bayah on Prophethood, but a Bayah over ruling, for it was regarding action not belief. Therefore, Rasool Allah (P.B.U.H) was pledged allegiance to as a ruler, and not as a Prophet or a Messenger (P.B.U.H). This is because acknowledging the Prophethood and Messengership is linked to belief (Iman), and not a Bayah. Hence the Bayah to Him (P.B.U.H) was only in his capacity as the head of the state. .

البيعة مذكورةٌ أيضاً في القرآن والحديث. قال الله سبحانه وتعالى:

The Bayah is also mentioned in the Qur’an and Hadith. Allah (S.W.T) says:.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ Wait, I should correct my translation: the source text is what I was given, so I translate it faithfully: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِكُوا بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا يَزْنِينَ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ فَبَايِعْهُنَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُنَّ اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ [وفي آية أخرى يقول الله (سبحانه وتعالى):] .

"O Prophet! If the believers come to you to take the oath (Bay’ah) that they will not associate [in worship] anything with Allah, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery, that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood, and they will not disobey you in any just matter (Ma’roof), then receive their oath (Bayah)." [TMQ: 60:12] In another verse Allah (S.W.T) says: .

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُبَايِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا يُبَايِعُونَ اللَّهَ ۚ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ أَيْدِيهِمْ ۚ [تَرْجَمَةُ مَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ: 48:10].

Verily those who pledge their allegiance to you do no less than pledge their allegiance to Allah: The Hand of Allah is over their hands." [TMQ: 48:10].

أخبرنا البخاری عن إسماعیل، عن مالک، عن یحییٰ بن سعید قال: حدّثني عبادة بن الولید، أنّ أباه حدّثه أنّ عبادة بن الصامت قال:

Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of Isma’il, who reported on the authority of Malik, who reported on the authority of Yahya bin Sa‘id who said: “Ubadah bin Al-walid told me, that my father told me that Ubadah bin al-Samit said: .

بايعنا رسولَ اللهِ ﷺ على السمعِ والطاعةِ في العُسرِ واليُسرِ، وأن لا ننازعَ الأمرَ أهلَه، وأن نقومَ أو نقولَ بالحقِّ أينما كنّا، لا نخافُ في اللهِ لومةَ لائمٍ. [البخاري، صحيح، رقم ٧٠٥٤، ومسلم، صحيح، رقم ٤٧٤٨].

"We have pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah to listen and obey in ease and in hardship and that we do not dispute the matter (authority) with its people and that we stand for and speak the truth wherever we are and that in the service of Allah we would fear the blame of no one.” [Bukhari, Sahih, #7054 and Muslim, Sahih, #4748] .

رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ:

Muslim has reported that Abdullah ibn Amru ibn al-As narrated that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .

"مَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَلْبِهِ، فَلْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ آخَرُ يُنَازِعُهُ، فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الْآخَرِ." [أحمد، المسند، 3/10] ..

"Whosoever pledges allegiance to an Imam by giving him the clasp of his hand, let him obey him if he is able to do so, but if another comes along to dispute with him, then kill the latter." [Ahmad, Musnad, 3/10] ..

وفي صحيح مسلم أن أبا سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه أخبر أن رسول الله ﷺ قال:

Also in Muslim it is narrated that Abu Saeed Al-Khudri reported that the Messenger of Allah (P.B.U.H) said: .

"إِذَا بُويِعَ خَلِيفَتَانِ فَاقْتُلُوا الآخَرَ مِنْهُمَا." [مسلم، صحيح، رقم ١٨٥٣] ..

“If two Khulafaa’ were pledged allegiance, then kill the latter of them." [Muslim, Sahih, #1853] ..

رواه مسلم عن أبي حازم قال: «صحبتُ أبا هريرة خمس سنين فسمعتُه يحدّث عن النبي ﷺ قال: "كانت بنو إسرائيل تسوسهم الأنبياء، كلما هلك نبيٌّ خَلَفه نبيٌّ، وإنه لا نبيَّ بعدي، وستكون خلفاءُ فتكثر". قالوا: فما تأمرنا؟ قال: "فُوا ببيعة الأول فالأول، وأعطوهم حقهم، فإن الله سائلهم عما استرعاهم"». [البخاري، صحيح، رقم ٣٤٥٥]

Muslim narrated on the authority of Abi Hazim who said: “I accompanied Abu Huraira for five years and I heard him talk of the Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) saying: "Banu Israel used to be governed by Prophet, every time a Prophet died, another came after him, and there is not Prophet after me. There will be Khulafa’ and they will number many". They said: "What would you order us to do?" He (P.B.U.H said: "Fulfil the Bayah to them one after the other, and give them their due right, surely Allah will account them for that which He entrusted them with".” [Bukhari, Sahih, #3455] .

هذه النصوص من الكتاب والسنة تنص صراحةً على أن طريقة نصب الخليفة هي البيعة. وقد فهم ذلك الصحابة جميعًا وعملوا به، وكانت البيعة التي أُعطيت للخلفاء الراشدين واضحةً في هذا الشأن.

These texts from the Book and the Sunnah explicitly state that the method of appointing a Khalifah is by the Bayah. This was understood and practiced by all of the Sahabah. The bayah given to the rightly guided Khulafaa’ was clear in this regard. .