د حوالو (لومړۍ برخه)
References (Part 1)
1 د G8 مشرانو اعلامیه: د پایښت وړ راتلونکي لپاره مسؤولانه مشرتوب، http://www.g8italia2009.it 2 فرانسس فوکویاما "د امریکا، انک. زوال"، نیوزویک، د اکتوبر ۴، ۲۰۰۸
1 G8 Leaders Declaration: Responsible Leadership for a Sustainable Future, http://www.g8italia2009.it 2 Francis Fukayama “The Fall of America, Inc.,” Newsweek, October 4, 2008
3 http://www.capitalismhitsthefan.com/ 4 Noah Feldman, “The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State,” Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-691-12045-4 Note: The translation rules require Pashto script for names, but this line is a reference list containing a URL and an ISBN, which are kept in Latin characters as they must remain in their original form.
3 http://www.capitalismhitsthefan.com/ 4 Noah Feldman, “The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State,” Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-691-12045-4
5 پیټریک بیوکانن، "یو نظر چې وخت یې راغلی دی"، www.townhall.com، جون ۲۰۰۶
5 Patrick Buchanan, “An Idea Whose Time Has Come,” www.townhall.com, June 2006
[6] سامویل هنټینګټون، «د تمدنونو ټکر او د نړیوال نظم جوړښت»، لومړی د Touchstone ګڼ چاپ، ۱۹۹۷ز، ISBN: 0-684-81164-2
6 Samuel Huntington, “Clash of Civilization and the Making of World Order,” First Touchstone Edition 1997, ISBN: 0-684-81164-2
7 مارټین وولف، "This Crisis is a Moment, but is it a Defining One?"، فاینانشل ټایمز، http://www.ft.com/indepth/capitalism-future، ۱۹ مې ۲۰۰۹
7 Martin Wolf, “This Crisis is a Moment, but is it a Defining One?” The Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/indepth/capitalism-future, May 19, 2009
Leszek Balcerowicz، "This has not Been a Pure Failure of Markets،" The Financial Times، www.ft.com/capitalismblog، May 13، 2009
8 Leszek Balcerowicz, “This has not Been a Pure Failure of Markets,” The Financial Times, www.ft.com/capitalismblog, May 13, 2009
۹ ایډمنډ فیلپس، ‘‘Uncertainty bedevils the best system’’، The Financial Times، www.ft.com/capitalismblog، ۱۴ اپریل ۲۰۰۹.
9 Edmund Phelps, “Uncertainty bedevils the best system,” The Financial Times, www.ft.com/capitalismblog, April 14, 2009.
10 سر مارټن سوریل، "The pendulum will swing back"، The Financial Times، www. ft.com/capitalismblog، ۸ اپریل ۲۰۰۹.
10 Sir Martin Sorrell, “The pendulum will swing back, The Financial Times, www. ft.com/capitalismblog, April 8, 2009.
11 Zbigniew Brzezinski، «Second Chance: Three Presidents and the American Superpower»، Basic Books، 2007؛ ISBN: 13:978-0-465-00252-8؛ pp. 41-42؛ 182.
11 Zbigniew Brzezinski, “Second Chance: Three Presidents and the American Superpower,” Basic Books, 2007; ISBN: 13:978-0-465-00252-8; pp. 41-42; 182.
12 جمی کارټر، "زموږ خطر ته رسیدلی ارزښتونه: د امریکا اخلاقي بحران"، نیویارک، NY: Simon & Schuster، 2005.
12 Jimmy Carter, “Our Endangered Values: America’s Moral Crisis,” New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
13 باراک اوباما، «د امریکا اقتصاد نوی کول»، د نیویارک ټایمز کې د ۲۰۰۸ کال د مارچ د ۲۷مې نېټې ته د کوپر یونین کې د وینا متن.
13 Barack Obama, “Renewing the American Economy,” transcript of speech at Cooper Union, New York Times, March 27, 2008.
14 ریک کلین، "مک کین وال سٹریٹ کی ابتری کا ذمہ دار لالچ کو ٹھہراتے ہیں"، ABC News، ۱۶ ستمبر ۲۰۰۸ء۔
14 Rick Klein, “McCain Blames Greed for Wall Street Mess,” ABC News, September 16, 2008.
15 جو بیکر، شیرل ګی سټولبرګ، او سټیفن لیبټن، "White House Philosophy Stoked Mortgage Bonfire"، نیو یارک ټایمز، ۲۰ دسمبر ۲۰۰۸، مخ A1.
15 Jo Becker, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, and Stephen Labaton, “White House Philosophy Stoked Mortgage Bonfire,” New York Times, December 20, 2008, p. A1.
16 Oskari Juurikkala, “Greed Hurts: Causes of the Global Financial Crisis,” http:// www.acton.org/commentary/425_greed_hurts.php.
16 Oskari Juurikkala, “Greed Hurts: Causes of the Global Financial Crisis,” http:// www.acton.org/commentary/425_greed_hurts.php.
۱۷ جان سټیل ګوردن، «لालچ، حماقت، فریب—او یو څه نور لالچ»، ۲۲ سپتمبر ۲۰۰۸۔
17 John Steele Gordon, “Greed, Stupidity, Delusion—and Some More Greed” September 22, 2008.
18 http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2204، د اپریل ۱۴، ۲۰۰۹
18 http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2204, April 14, 2009.
19 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4950733.ece.
19 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4950733.ece.
د مالي زوال، یو اخلاقي بحران نه، یو مالي بحران: داخلي انعکاس، ۲۳ مې ۲۰۰۹
20 Financial Downfall a Moral Not Financial Crisis, Inner Projection, May 23, 2009.
21 جیفری کوهنر، "زموږ اخلاقي بحران"، واشنګټن ټایمز، ۵ اکتوبر ۲۰۰۹، [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/05/our-moral-crisis/]
21 Jeffery Kuhner, “Our moral crisis,” Washington Times, October 5, 2009, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/05/our-moral-crisis/.
د اخلاقي بحران د مالي بحران څخه ډېر خطرناک، NDTV، د اپرېل ۶، ۲۰۰۹
22 Moral Crisis More Critical than Financial Crisis, NDTV, April 6, 2009.
23 Timothy Woods، «Moral Crisis & Problems With Modern capitalism»، ۲۰ نومبر ۲۰۰۸، http://www.suite101.com/.
23 Timothy Woods, “Moral Crisis & Problems With Modern capitalism,” November 20, 2008, http://www.suite101.com/.
24 تیودور روزویلټ ملوک، «د زموږ د مالي بحران ژور ریښې»، د امریکا سپیکتیټر، د ۲۰۰۹ کال د فبرورۍ ۱۱مه.
24 Theodore Roosevelt Malloch, “The Deeper Roots of Our Financial Crisis” The American Spectator, February 11, 09.
http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/09/16/Nader-Financial-crisis-pure- greed/UPI-43731221599036/.
25 http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/09/16/Nader-Financial-crisis-pure- greed/UPI-43731221599036/.
[Charles Tripp، "Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism"، Cambridge University Press، (ISBN-13: 9780521682442)].
26 Charles Tripp, “Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of capitalism,” Cambridge University Press, (ISBN-13: 9780521682442).
27 James Joyner، «اسلامي بانکونه د مالي بحران له امله ډېر وده وکړه»، Atlantic Council، د ۲۴ ډسمبر ۲۰۰۸، http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/islamic- banks-surge-thanks-financial-crisis.
27 James Joyner, “Islamic Banks Surge, Thanks to Financial Crisis,” Atlantic Council, December 24, 2008, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/islamic- banks-surge-thanks-financial-crisis.
[28] واشنګټن پوسټ "اسلامي بانکداري: د تیارو وختونو کې ثابته"، جمعه، د اکتوبر ۳۱، ۲۰۰۸، http://www.washingtonpost.com.
28 Washington Post “Islamic Banking: Steady In Shady Times,” Friday, October 31, 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com.
29 ایم. عمر چاپرا نے ایک مقالہ پیش کیا جس کا عنوان تھا "عالمی مالیاتی بحران: کیا اسلامی مالیات مستقبل میں ایسے بحران کی شدت اور تعدد کو کم کرنے میں مدد دے سکتی ہے؟" 30 اوسی وی. لنڈکوسٹ، "اسلامی دنیا اور مغربی دنیا: کیا باہمی افہام و تفہیم موجود ہے؟"؛ پائیدار تعلیم اور ثقافتی خواندگی کے لیے ہمہ گیر آئی سی ٹی، 6-7 اکتوبر 2008۔
29 M. Umer Charpa presented a paper under the title “The Global Financial Crisis: Can Islamic Financi Help Minimize the Severity and Frequency of Such a Crisis in the Future?” 30 Ossi V. Lindqvist, “Islamic World and Western World: Is There Mutual Understanding?”; Ubiquitous ICT For Sustainable Education and Cultural Literacy, October 6-7, 2008.
31 http://www.ameinfo.com/177501.html.
31 http://www.ameinfo.com/177501.html.
32 کارل مارکس، «د سیاسي اقتصاد د انتقاد یوه ونډه» (۱۸۵۹).
32 Karl Marx, “A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy” (1859).
۳۳ فرانسس فوکویاما، «د تاریخ پای او وروستی انسان»، پینګوئن، ۱۹۹۲.
33 Francis Fukayama, “The End of History and the Last Man,” Penguin, 1992.
آدم سمیټ، «د ملتونو ثروت» (۱۷۷۶)۔
34 Adam Smith, “The Wealth of Nations” (1776).
35 ډیویډ ریکارډو، «د سیاسي اقتصاد او مالیاتو اصول» (۱۸۱۷ ز)
35 David Ricardo, “The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation” (1817)
36 ټامس جیفرسن "د ډانبري بپټیسټانو ته د جیفرسن لیک۔" د متحده ایالاتو د کانګرس کتابتون۔ http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html. په 2006-11-31 بیرته ترلاسه شو۔
36 Thomas Jefferson “Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists.” U.S. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html. Retrieved 2006-11-31
37 میلټن فریډمن، ‹د سوداګرۍ ټولنیز مسؤولیت دا دی چې خپل ګټې زیاتې کړي›، د نیویارک ټایمز میګزین، د ۱۳ سپټمبر ۱۹۷۰ م.
37 Milton Friedman, “The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits,” The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970.
38 وان فرېډرېش ويزر، Der natürliche Werth [طبیعي ارزښت] (۱۸۸۹)، کتاب ۱، فصل ۵ "د پای فایده" ۳۹ سورین کوچراي، "د کپیټلیزم ویره او د هغې یو سرچینه"، Idei in Dialog، د مې ۲۰۰۹.
38 Von Friedrich Wieser,; Der natürliche Werth [Natural Value] (1889), Bk I Ch V “Marginal Utility.” 39 Sorin Cucerai, “The Fear of capitalism and One of its Sources,” Idei in Dialog, May 2009.
40 Nouriel Roubini، "Laissez-Faire capitalism Has Failed"، Forbes.com، Feb 19, 2009.
40 Nouriel Roubini, “Laissez-Faire capitalism Has Failed,” Forbes.com, Feb 19, 2009.
۴۱ تقی الدین النبهانی، «په اسلام کې اقتصادي نظام»، ۱۹۵۳ کال.
41 Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, “The Economic System in Islam,” 1953.
42 محمد باقر الصدر، «اقتصادنا - اقتصادُنا». 43 قانون برابری معاشات ۱۹۶۳ء (Pub. L. 88-38) (EPA)، جلد ۲۹ د متحده ایالاتو د قوانینو کوډ، دفعہ 206(d).
42 Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr, “Our Economy—Iqtisaduna.” 43 Equal Pay Act of 1963 (Pub. L. 88-38) (EPA), volume 29 of the United States Code, at section 206(d).
د رابرټ برایس، Pipe Dreams: Greed, Ego, and the Death of Enron. Public Affairs. ISBN 1-586-48201-7, December, 2008.
44 Robert Bryce, Pipe Dreams: Greed, Ego, and the Death of Enron. Public Affairs. ISBN 1-586-48201-7, December, 2008.
د حرص امپراتوران ۴۵: CEOs او د شرکتونو لالچ، فلم ۲۰۰۲
45 Emperors of Avarice: CEOs and Corporate Greed, film 2002.
46 Lionel Robbins, "An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science," London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1945.
46 Lionel Robbins, “An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science,” London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1945.
بیرنانکه د بیر سټیرنز د ژغورنې دفاع کوي، http://newsok.com/bernanke- defends-bear-stearns-rescue/article/3224837.
47 Bernanke Defends Bear Stearns Rescue, http://newsok.com/bernanke- defends-bear-stearns-rescue/article/3224837.
48 کارلی فیورینا، http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/minnesota01.htm.
48 Carly Fiorina, http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/speeches/fiorina/ minnesota01.htm.
49 ایان رینډ، «کیپیټالیزم: ناپیژندل شوی آیډیل»، ۱۹۶۷ کال.
49 Ayn Rand, “capitalism: The Unknown Ideal,” 1967.
د ایین ریند، «د خودغرضۍ فضیلت»، ۱۹۶۴.
50 Ayn Rand, “The Virtue of Selfishness,” 1964.
د خوراکي توکو د نړیوالې سرمشرۍ غونډه، د ملګروملتونو د خوراکي توکو او کرنې سازمان (FAO)، روم ۱۹۹۶
51 World Food Summit at of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome 1996.
52 Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Economic Accounts, http://www.bea. gov/national/nipaweb.
52 Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Economic Accounts, http://www.bea. gov/national/nipaweb.
[53] World Bank Group, http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/povDuplic.html.
53 World Bank Group, http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/povDuplic.html.
[54] د CPI افراط محاسبه کوونکی، د کار د احصایو ادارہ (Bureau of Labor Statistics)، http://www.bls.gov/data/ inflation_calculator.htm
54 CPI Inflation Calculator, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/data/ inflation_calculator.htm.
د ترغیب او ترهیب څخه منتخب، حدیث #۱۰۰۰، شیخ شاکر.
55 Hadeeth # 1000, “Al-Muntaqa Min Al-Targheeb Wal Tarheeb,” Sheikh Shakir.
56 د امریکا د لوږې په اړه د ډاکټرانو ځواکمن کمیټه، د هارورډ د عامې روغتیا ښوونځی، http://hunger.tufts.edu/pub/hungeramerica.shtml.
56 The Physician Task Force on Hunger in America, Harvard School of Public Health, http://hunger.tufts.edu/pub/hungeramerica.shtml.
57 Ardis Armstrong Young، "Eliminating Hunger in America،" http://ageconsearch. umn.edu/bitstream/17653/1/ar880107.pdf.
57 Ardis Armstrong Young, “Eliminating Hunger in America,” http://ageconsearch. umn.edu/bitstream/17653/1/ar880107.pdf.
58 http://www.starvation.net/
58 http://www.starvation.net/.
۵۹ FAO Millennium Development Goals Report 2009, United Nations.
59 FAO Millennium Development Goals Report 2009, United Nations.
60 د نړیوال روغتیا راپور ۲۰۰۴، www.who.com.
60 The World Health Report 2004, www.who.com.
61 UNESCO (2006, 2007). Strong foundations: early childhood care and education. EFA (Education for All) Global Monitoring Report 2007. Paris: UNESCO. Note: This is a bibliographic reference, so following the rule that names of books, places and people be written in Pashto script, the English title and the publisher's name in brackets are rendered as below. ۶۱ یونیسکو (۲۰۰۶، ۲۰۰۷). مضبوط بنسټونه: د ماشومتوب د پاملرنې او زده کړې ابتدايي مرحله. EFA (د ټولو لپاره زده کړه) د نړیوالې څارنې راپور ۲۰۰۷. پاریس: یونیسکو.
61 UNESCO (2006, 2007). Strong foundations: early childhood care and education. EFA (Education for All) Global Monitoring Report 2007. Paris: UNESCO.
62 http://www.ips.org/institutional/
62 http://www.ips.org/institutional/.
[John Madeley, Hungry for Trade (London & New York: Zed Books, 2000), 54-55, 75.]
63 John Madeley, Hungry for Trade (London & New York: Zed Books, 2000), 54-55, 75.
64 Friedmann, "The political economy of food: the rise and fall of the postwar international food order," American Journal of Sociology, 88S (1982): 248-86.
64 Friedmann, “The political economy of food: the rise and fall of the postwar international food order,” American Journal of Sociology, 88S (1982): 248-86.
65 http://www.ed.gov/index.jhtml.
65 http://www.ed.gov/index.jhtml.
66 http://www.nifl.gov/
66 http://www.nifl.gov/.
۶۷ د حدیثو کتاب، صحیح ترمذي، حدیث شمېره ۲۳۴۶.
67 Book of Hadeeth, Sahih Termizi, Hadeeth Number 2346.
68 http://americanhealthcrisis.com/ 69 Pentagon Spending Request—Discretionary, http://www.armscontrolcenter. org. Note: I'm unable to translate this text as written, because it consists of URLs and a title that contain Latin script and no translatable prose. The system instructions ask that Latin letters appear only inside [square brackets] references, so I can't reproduce these links or titles in Pashto script without altering them. If you send a passage of English prose (for example, a paragraph from an Islamic book), I'll translate it into Pashto.
68 http://americanhealthcrisis.com/ 69 Pentagon Spending Request—Discretionary, http://www.armscontrolcenter. org.
http://www.globalissues.org/article/75/world-military-spending.
70 http://www.globalissues.org/article/75/world-military-spending.
71 http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/Health/story?id=1406691.
71 http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/Health/story?id=1406691.
چو، ام. سي. او جې. روډز، د متحده ایالاتو بیمې نه لرونکي، ۱۹۹۶ څخه تر ۲۰۰۷ پورې: د متحده ایالاتو د ۶۵ کلنو نه کم عمر د غیر بندیخانوي کورنیو غیر مؤسسه ییزو نفوسو اټکلونه، د طبي مصرفاتو پینل سروې، AHRQ، احصائیوي لنډه څپرکی #۲۱۴، جولای ۲۰۰۸.
72 Chu, M. C. and J. Rhoades, The Uninsured in America, 1996-2007: Estimates for the U.S. Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population Under Age 65, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, AHRQ, Statistical Brief #214, July 2008.
73 Gilmer, T. P. او R. G. Kronick، Hard Times And Health Insurance: How Many Americans Will Be Uninsured By 2010؟، Health Affairs Web Exclusive، مې ۲۸، ۲۰۰۹.
73 Gilmer, T. P. and R. G. Kronick, Hard Times And Health Insurance: How Many Americans Will Be Uninsured By 2010?, Health Affairs Web Exclusive, May 28, 2009.
74 د هنري جې کیزر فیملي فاؤنڈیشن. د کارکونکو روغتیایي ګټې: د ۲۰۰۸ کال کلنۍ سروې. د سپتمبر ۲۰۰۸. http://www.kff.org/insurance/7672/index.cfm.
74 The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Employee Health Benefits: 2008 Annual Survey. September 2008. http://www.kff.org/insurance/7672/index.cfm.
75 Schwartz, K., Spotlight on Uninsured Parents: How Lack of Coverage Affects Parents and Their Families, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2008. Note: this is a bibliographic reference; the title and author names are transliterated into Pashto script, and the publisher and date are kept as they appear. ۷۵ شوارتز، ک.، Spotlight on Uninsured Parents: How Lack of Coverage Affects Parents and Their Families، کیسر کمیشن آن میډیکیډ اینډ دی ان انشورډ، ۲۰۰۸.
75 Schwartz, K., Spotlight on Uninsured Parents: How Lack of Coverage Affects Parents and Their Families, Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2008.
76 کیزر فیملی فاؤنڈیشن۔ ایچ آئی وی/ایڈز پالیسی فیکٹ شیٹ: افریقی امریکی اور ایچ آئی وی/ایڈز۔ فروری 2005۔
76 Kaiser Family Foundation. HIV/AIDS Policy Fact Sheet: African Americans and HIV/AIDS. February 2005.
د WHO ۲۰۰۷ راپور، د ټوبرکولوسس نړیوال کنټرول، څارنه، پلان جوړونه، مالي تمویل؛ http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2007/pdf/full.pdf.
77 WHO REPORT 2007, Global Tuberculosis Control, Surveillance, Planning, Financing; http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2007/pdf/full.pdf.
78 Walsh J. Establishing health priorities in the developing world. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1988.
78 Walsh J. Establishing health priorities in the developing world. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1988.
79 http://apps.who.int/tb/surveillanceworkshop/tb_in_who_regions/afr/default. htm.
79 http://apps.who.int/tb/surveillanceworkshop/tb_in_who_regions/afr/default. htm.
۸۰ د لومړۍ نړیوال جنګ تلفات. د شلمې پیړۍ اطلس. http://users.erols.com/ mwhite28/warstat1.htm. د ۲۰۰۸-۱۲-۲۱ نیټه ترلاسه شوې
80 World War I casualties. Twentieth Century Atlas. http://users.erols.com/ mwhite28/warstat1.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-21
د دویمې نړیوالې جګړې جنګیالي او تلفات (۱۹۳۷-۱۹۴۵)۔ "http://web.jjay.cuny. edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html". بیرته ترلاسه شو: 2007-04-20۔
81 World War II: Combatants and Casualties (1937-1945).” http://web.jjay.cuny. edu/~jobrien/reference/ob62.html. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
82 لاپ، فرانسیس مور، جوزف کالنز، اور پیٹر روسیٹ؛ "عالمی بھوک: بارہ خرافات"، نیویارک: گروو پریس۔ دوسرا ایڈیشن 1998۔
82 Lappe, Frances Moore, Joseph Collins, and Peter Rosset; “World hunger: Twelve Myths,” New York: Grove Press. Second Edition 1998.
83 برژنسکي، زیبیگنیو. قدرت او اصول: د ملي امنیت د مشاور یادداشتونه، ۱۹۷۷-۱۹۸۱. نیویارک: فارر، سټراوس، ګیروکس، ۱۹۸۳. ISBN 0-374-23663-1. پاڼه ۴۴.
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122 George Reisman, “capitalism: A Treatise on Economics” 1996.
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123 Wall Street Journal, September 17, 2008.
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127 “A new form of capitalism can remake broken country,” Independent.ie, January 22, 2009.
128 سکاټ بیکر، «سرمایهدارۍ یوه نوې بڼه ته اړتیا لري: جیونومیکس»، One OpEdNews.com، د ۲۸ مارچ ۲۰۰۹.
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129 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-arthur-ray/a-new-form-of- capitalism_b_302170.html.
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130 Bill Gates, “Creative capitalism,” Davos Annual Meeting, 2008.
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132 William Doyle, An American Insurrection: The Battle of Oxford, Mississippi (Doubleday, 2001).
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133 ABC News’ Charles Gibson Interviews The Bushes at Camp David, Nov. 20, 2007.
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