Vali — bu Xalifa tomonidan Xilofat davlatining bir Viloyati (vilayati) ustidan hokim va amir etib tayinlagan shaxsdir.

The Waali (governor) is the person whom the Khaleefah appoints as ruler and Ameer over a Wilayah (province) of the Khilafah State.

Islomiy Davlat boshqaradigan hududlar viloyatlarga bo‘linadi, va har bir viloyat Viloyat (Wilayah) deb ataladi. Viloyatlar o‘z navbatida tumanlarga bo‘linadi, va har bir tuman I’mala deb ataladi. Viloyat ustiga tayinlangan shaxs Waali yoki Amir deb ataladi, I’mala ustiga tayinlangan shaxs esa ‘Amil yoki Hakim (hukmdor) deb ataladi.

The territories that the Islamic State rules over would be divided into provinces and each province would be known as Wilayah. The Wilayah would in turn be divided into districts and each district would be known as I’mala. The person appointed over the Wilayah would be known as the Waali, or an Ameer, and the person appointed over the I’mala would be known as the ‘Amil or the Hakim (ruler).

Shunday qilib, Voliy hokimdir, chunki Vilayat hokimiyat yuritish degani. "Al-Muhit" lug'atida u imorat (rahbarlik) va vakolat sifatida ta'riflangan. Uning tayinlanishi halifa yoki uning nomidan vakolat berilgan shaxs tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. Demak, halifa faqat voliyni tayinlashi mumkin. Vilayat yoki imorat, ya'ni vulah yoki amirlar lavozimining asli Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ning amallariga borib taqaladi. Tasdiqlanganki, u zot ﷺ mamlakatlarga vulohlarni tayinlagan va ularga o'z viloyatlari ustidan hukm yuritish huquqini bergan. U zot ﷺ Mu'oz ibn Jabalni Al-Janadga, Ziyod ibn Labidni Hadramavtga, Abu Muso Al-Ash'ariyni esa Zabid va Adanga tayinlagan.

The Waali is therefore a ruler, for the Wilayah means the ruling. In the dictionary A-lMuhit, it has been defined as being the Imarah (leadership) and the authority. It requires an appointment by the Khaleefah or by whoever is delegated to do so on his behalf. Therefore, the Khaleefah can only appoint the Waali. The origin of the post of Wilayah or the Imarah i.e. the Wulah or the Ameers goes back to the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). It has been confirmed that He (pbuh) appointed Wulah over the countries and that He gave them the right to rule over their provinces. He (pbuh) appointed Mu’az Ibnu Jabal over Al-Janad, Zyad Ibnu Labeed over Hadhramawt and Abu Moussa Al-Ash’ari over Zabeed and Aden.

Vali — xalifaning o‘rinbosari bo‘lib, uning nomidan xalifa vakolat bergan ishlarni bajaradi. Shar’iy hukmga ko‘ra, valilikning (viloyatning) aniq chegarasi yo‘q; shuning uchun xalifa o‘z nomidan biror hukm masalasida ish yuritish uchun tayinlagan har qanday shaxs, tayinlashda xalifa foydalangan shartlarga muvofiq ushbu masalada Vali hisoblanadi. Biroq davlatlar ustidan valilik geografik jihatdan belgilangan bo‘ladi, chunki Allah Elchisi ﷺ Vali tayinlagan hududni aniq belgilar edi, ya’ni amirga imorat (hokimiyat) topshirgan joyini.

The Waali is the deputy of the Khaleefah; He performs what the Khaleefah authorises Him to do on his behalf. According to Shar’a, the Wilayah has no specific limit, thus any body appointed by the Khaleefah to act on his behalf over any matter of ruling would be a Waali in that matter in accordance with the terms the Khaleefah used in his appointment. However, the Wilayah over countries is geographically specified, because the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to specify the area over which He appointed the Waali, i.e. where He invests the Ameer with the Imarah.

Wilayatning ikki turi bor: umumiy va xos. Umumiy Wilayat hokimiyatga oid barcha masalalarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Biror kishini shu Wilayatga tayinlash, Xalifa davlat yoki viloyat Imoratini Valiyga topshirishini anglatadi; ya’ni Vali o‘sha yerdagi barcha odamlar ustidan, barcha oddiy ishlarni nazorat qilish uchun Wilayat huquqiga ega bo‘ladi. Shunday qilib, uning zimmasida umumiy nazorat mas’uliyati turadi. Xos Imorat esa, Amirning faqat qo‘shinni boshqarish, fuqarolarni idora qilish, hududlarni himoya qilish yoki o‘sha mamlakat yoki viloyatdagi ayollar va bolalarni himoya qilish bilan cheklanishini bildiradi. Uning sud ishlariga yoki Xiroj va Sadaqa yig‘ishiga aloqasi yo‘q. Rasululloh ﷺ umumiy mas’uliyatli Vulotni (Wilayah ‘Aammah) tayinlagan, masalan, ‘Amr ibn Hazmni Yamanga Vali qilib tayinlaganlarida. Shuningdek, xos vazifali Vulotni (Wilayah Khassa) ham tayinlagan, masalan, Ali ibn Abu Tolibni Yamandagi sud ishlariga mas’ul qilib tayinlaganlarida. Xulafoi Rosidin Rasulullohning ﷺ izidan bordilar. ‘Umar ibn al-Xattob Mu‘aviya ibn Abu Sufyonni Shomga umumiy Vali qilib tayinladi, Ali ibn Abu Tolib esa ‘Abdulloh ibn Abbosni Basrага cheklangan vakolatlar (Wilayah Khassa) bilan tayinladi: u mablag‘lardan tashqari barcha ishlarni boshqarardi, mablag‘lar esa Ziyodga topshirilgan edi. Qadimgi davrlarda ikki turdagi Wilayat mavjud edi: Salot Wilayati va Xiroj Wilayati. Shu sababli tarix kitoblarida amirlarning Wilayatiga nisbatan ikki atama uchraydi: birinchisi Salot ustidagi Imorat, ikkinchisi Salot va Xiroj ustidagi Imorat. Boshqacha aytganda, Amir Salot va Xiroj ustiga, yoki faqat Salot ustiga, yoki faqat Xiroj ustiga tayinlanishi mumkin edi. Wilayat yoki Imorat kontekstidagi “Salot” so‘zi faqat odamlarga namozda imomlik qilishni emas, balki mablag‘larni yig‘ishdan tashqari barcha ishlarini boshqarishni anglatadi. Chunki “Salot” so‘zi mablag‘ yig‘ishdan tashqari hokimlikni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Shunday ekan, agar Vali Salot va Xaroj ishlarini birgalikda olib borganida, uning Vilayati umumiy (Vilayah ‘Aammah) bo‘lar edi. Agar uning Vilayati faqat Salot yoki Xaroj bilan cheklangan bo‘lganida, u xususiy (Vilayah Khaassah) bo‘lar edi. Har ikki holatda ham bu Xalifaning o‘z tadbirlariga havola qilinadi, chunki U Vilayatni faqat Xaroj bilan, yoki sud ishlari bilan cheklashga, yoki Vilayatni Xaroj, sud va qo‘shin bilan bog‘liq bo‘lmagan boshqa ishlar bilan cheklashga haqlidir. U viloyat yoki Vilayatni boshqarish uchun eng to‘g‘ri deb hisoblagan ishni qilishi mumkin. Buning sababi shuki, Shar’ at Vali uchun aniq vazifalarni belgilamagan va U barcha hukmronlik vazifalarini bajarishga majbur emas. Biroq, Shar’at Valining yoki Amirning vazifalari hukmronlik va hokimiyat bo‘lishini belgilagan, hamda U Xalifaning o‘rinbosari bo‘lib, ma’lum bir hudud ustidan Amir bo‘lishi kerakligini belgilagan. Bularning barchasi Allah Rasulining ﷺ amallaridan kelib chiqadi. Shu bilan birga, Shar’at Xalifaga Valini o‘z ixtiyoriga ko‘ra umumiy (Vilayah ‘Aammah) yoki xususiy (Vilayah Khaassah) Vilayatga tayinlash huquqini beradi, va bularning barchasi Allah Rasulining ﷺ amallarida aks etgan.

There are two types of Wilayah: general and specific. The general one includes all the ruling matters within the Wilayah. Appointing someone to that Wilayah would mean that the Khaleefah delegates to the Waali the Imarah of a country or a province, as a Wilayah over all its people for supervising all the normal functions. Thus He would have a general responsibility of supervision. As for the specific Imarah, this means that the Ameer would be restricted to running the armed forces, governing the citizens, protecting the territories, or defending the women and children in that country or province. He does not have a say in the judiciary or the collecting of Kharaj and Sadaqah. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Wulah with general responsibilities (Wilayah ‘Aammah), such as when He appoimted ‘Amru ibn Hazm over Yemen. He also appointed Wulah with specific functions (Wilayah Khassa), such as when He appointed Ali bin Abi Talib over the judiciary in Yemen. The Khulafaa’ followed in the Messenger of Allah’s (pbuh) footsteps. ‘Umar Ibnul-Khattab appointed Mu’aiwya bin Abi Sufyan as general Waali over Ash-Sham, while Ali bin Abi Talib appointed ‘Abdullah bin Abbas over Basra with restrictive powers (Wilayah Khassa) to run all the affairs except for the funds, which was assigned to Ziad There used to be two types of Wilayah in the early times; the Wilayah of Salah and the Wilayah of Kharaj. Therefore we find that history books use two terms in their reference to the Wilayah of Ameers: The first is the Imarah over the Salah and the other the Imarah over the Salah and the Kharaj. In other words the Ameer could either be appointed over both the Salah and the Kharaj, or over the Salah only or over the Kharaj only. The word Salah, in the context of the Wilayah or the Imarah, does not mean only leading the people in their prayer, but it means governing all their affairs except the funds. This is because the word Salah is used to mean ruling except for the levy of funds. Therefore, if the Waali had combined both the Salah and the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be general (Wilayah ‘Aammah). If his Wilayah had been restricted to the Salah or the Kharaj, his Wilayah would then be specific (Wilayah Khaassah). Either way, this would be left to the Khaleefah’s own arrangements, as He reserves the right to restrict the Wilayah to the Kharaj, or to the judiciary, or He could confine the Wilayah to other than the Kharaj, the judiciary and the army. He could do what He deems best for the running of the province or the Wilayah. This is because Shar’a has not determined for the Waali certain duties, and it is not obliged that He should perform all the duties of ruling. It has, however, determined that the Waali’s or the Ameer’s duties be ruling and authority, and that He is the deputy of the Khaleefah, and He should be an Ameer over a specific area. All this is derived from the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). However Shar’a entitles the Khaleefah to appoint a Waali as either a general Wilayah (‘Aammah) or a specific one (Khaassah) according to his own discretion, and all this is reflected in the actions of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).

Ibn Hishom "Siyrat"ida zikr qilinishicha, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Farva bin Musaykni Murad, Zubayr va Mizhaj qabilalari ustiga hokim etib tayinlagan. U Xolid bin Sa'id bin Al-'Osni Sadaqa ustiga Oʻzi bilan birga Voliy sifatida yuborgan. Shuningdek, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Ziyod bin Labid Al-Ansoriyni Hadramavt va uning sadaqasi ustiga voliy sifatida yuborgani zikr qilingan. Bundan tashqari, u Najronga Ali bin Abu Tolibni ularning sadaqasi va jizyasini yigʻish uchun yuborgan. Al-Hokim rivoyat qilganidek, uni Yamanga qozi sifatida ham yuborgan. "Al-Istiyob" kitobida zikr qilinishicha, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Muoz bin Jabalni Al-Janadga odamlarga Qur'on va Islom hukmlarini oʻrgatish hamda ular oʻrtasida hukm qilish uchun yuborgan. Shuningdek, unga Yamandagi 'omillardan sadaqa yigʻish vakolatini bergan. Ibn Hishom "Siyrat"ida yana xabar berilishicha, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Uhud gʻazotiga chiqqanida Madinada namozga ibn Ummu Maktumni imom etib tayinlagan.

It was mentioned in the Seerah of ibn Hisham that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed Farwa bin Musayk over the tribes of Murad, Zubair and Mizhaj. He sent Khalid bin Sa’eed bin Al-’Ass with Him as Waali over the Sadaqah. It also mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Ziad bin Labeed Al-Ansari as a Waali over Hadhramawt and its Sadaqah. He also sent ‘Ali bin Abi Talib to Najran to collect their Sadaqah and their jizyah. He also sent him, as a judge over Yemen, as reported by Al- Haakim. In the book of Isti’aab it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) sent Mu’az bin Jabal to Al-Janad to teach the people about the Qur’an, the laws of Islam and to judge between them. He authorised Him as well to collect the Sadaqah from the ‘Aamileen in Yemen. The Seerah of ibn Hisham also reports that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) appointed ibn Umm Maktum over the Salah in Al-Madinah when He went out for Uhud.