Qoziy al-Mazolim — davlat tomonidan har qanday shaxsga, u davlat fuqarosi bo'lsinmi yoki uning hokimiyati ostida yashayotgan kishi bo'lsinmi, nisbatan sodir etilgan har qanday zulmni (mazlamani) bartaraf etish uchun tayinlangan qozidir; bu zulmni Xalifa yoki uning xizmatidagilar — hukmdorlar bo'lsinlar yoki davlat xizmatchilari bo'lsinlar — sodir etgan bo'lishidan qat'i nazar.

The Qadhi Al-Mazaalim is a judge appointed to remove every Mazlema (unjust act) perpetrated by the State against any person, whether this person was a citizen of the State or a person living under its authority, and whether the Khaleefah or those working under Him perpetrated this Mazlema, be they rulers or civil servants.

Mazaalim sudyasining ta'rifi. Mazaalim sudyasining kelib chiqishi Allohning Elchisi ﷺ ga nisbat berilgan rivoyatlarga borib taqaladi, unda u hukmdorning raiyatni boshqarish jarayonida sodir etgan zulm ishlarini "mazlima" deb ta'riflagan. Anas rivoyat qildi:

This is the definition of the judge of Mazaalim. The origin of the judiciary of Mazaalim is derived from reports referred to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), where He described the unjust acts perpetrated by the ruler while ruling over the subjects as being a Mazlema. Anas reported:

"Payg'ambar ﷺ zamonida narxlar oshib ketdi, shunda ular unga dedilar: “Ey Allohning Elchisi, nega narx belgilab qo'ymaysiz?” U zot dedilar: “Albatta, Alloh – Qabzu qiluvchi, Bastu qiluvchi, Rizq beruvchi va Narx belgilovchidir. Men Allohga shunday holda yetishishni umid qilaman: Uning huzurida hech kim meni jonga yoki molga nisbatan zulm qilganlikda ayblamasin”." [Narrated by Ahmad]

“Prices soared during the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) so they said to him; ‘O Messenger of Allah why don’t you introduce pricing?’ He said; ‘Verily Allah is the Recipient, the Extender of wealth, the Provider, and the Pricer, and I hope that I will meet Allah (swt) without having anyone accusing me of having perpetrated a Mazlema against Him be it in blood or in money.’” [Narrated by Ahmad]

U bu narxlarni belgilashni zulm deb hukm qildi, chunki agar u buni qilganda, ya'ni narxlarni joriy etganda, unga berilmagan huquqqa ega bo'lmagan holda ish tutgan bo'lar edi. U ﷺ shuningdek, davlatning odamlar uchun tashkil etadigan, jamoat huquqlariga ta'sir qiluvchi masalalarni, masalan, umumiy suv bilan ekin maydonlarini navbat bilan sug'orishni ham mazolim (zulm) jumlasiga kiritdi. Allohning Elchisi ﷺ Avvom o'g'li Zubayr bilan Ansordan bir kishi o'rtasida sug'orish borasida yuzaga kelgan nizoni ko'rib chiqdi. U ﷺ bu ishni bevosita o'zi ko'rdi va Zubayrga dedi: "Ey Zubayr, avval sen sug'or, so'ngra suvni qo'shnsingga qo'yib yubor." Shunday ekan, davlat yoki hokimning o'zi tomonidan, yoxud davlat tashkilotlari yoki buyruqlari natijasida har qanday shaxsga nisbatan sodir etilgan har qanday zulm mazolim sanaladi, bu ikki hadisdan anglashiladi. Bunday masala Xalifaga ko'rib chiqish uchun topshiriladi yoki Xalifa o'z nomidan bunday ishlarni ko'rishi uchun mazolim qozisi etib tayinlagan shaxsga topshiriladi.

He (pbuh), therefore judged pricing as being a Mazlema, for if He had done it, i.e. introduced pricing, He would have acted without a due right given to him. He (pbuh) also made the issues that affect the public rights that the State organises for the people as part of the Mazaalim, such as the irrigation of farming lands by common water in turn. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) looked into the dispute over irrigation that took place between Az-Zubayr Ibnul-’Awwam and a man of the Ansar. He (pbuh) witnessed it personally and said to Az-Zubayr; “You irrigate first O Zubayr and then let the water go to you neighbour.” Therefore, any Mazlema that occurs against any person, whether perpetrated by the ruler, or as a result of the State’s organisations or orders, would be considered as a Mazlema, as gathered from the two Ahadith. The matter would be referred to the Khaleefah to deal with or to whomever the Khaleefah appoints as Qadhi al-Mazaalim to deal with such matters on his behalf.