9.4 Harbiy va Islomda armiyani tarbiyalash
9.4 Culturing the army in military and Islam
Armiya uchun harbiy ta'limning eng yuqori darajasi mavjud bo'lishi shart. Armiyadagi intellektual daraja imkon qadar oshirilishi kerak. Bundan tashqari, armiyadagi har bir shaxs o'zini umumiy ko'rinishda bo'lsa ham Islom haqida xabardor qila oladigan islomiy madaniyatga ega bo'lishi kerak.
The highest level of military education has to be available to the army. The intellectual level in the army has to be raised as much as possible. In addition to that every individual in the army has to attain Islamic culture that enables Him to be aware about Islam even if in a general form.
Biroq, har bir qo'shin uchun harbiy ta'lim juda zarur bo'lib qoladi va ta'limsiz qo'shin urushni olib bora olmaydi, shuningdek, o'qitilmagan holda jangga kirisha olmaydi. Shuning uchun "Vojib bo'lmasa, farz ado etilmaydigan narsa o'zi ham vojibdir" degan qoida bo'yicha bu vojib bo'ladi. Islomiy madaniyatga kelsak, Islom farzlarini bajarish uchun zarur bo'lgan narsalarni o'rganish har bir musulmon uchun farzi ayn, undan ortiq islomiy ilmlarni egallash esa farzi kifoyadir. Buning dalili Al-Buxoriy va Muslim Muoviya roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilgan hadisdir: u dedi: "Men Nabiy ﷺ ning: 'Kimga Alloh yaxshilikni xohlasa, uni dinda faqih qilib qo'yadi...' deganlarini eshitdim." Bu hukm, dinni yoyish (da'vat) uchun mamlakatlarni fath etadigan qo'shinga ham, har bir musulmonga ham tegishlidir, garchi qo'shin uchun bu ko'proq ahamiyatga ega bo'lsa-da. Uning aqliy darajasini oshirishga kelsak, bu dinni va hayot ishlarini tushunish uchun zarur bo'lgan ogohlikning bir turidir. Ehtimol, Nabiy ﷺ ning so'zi...
However, military education becomes very necessary for every army and it is not possible for an army to carry out the war without it, nor can it engage in a battle unless it has been educated. Therefore, it becomes Wajib according to the principle: ‘That without which a duty can not be performed is itself a duty.’ As regards the Islamic culture, learning of what is necessary to perform the functions of Islam is a duty for every Muslim, while attaining further Islamic knowledge is Fard Kifaya. This is due to what Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated on the authority of Muawiyah when He said; “I heard the Prophet (pbuh) say; ‘The one for whom Allah wants good, He gives Him knowledge in the Deen...’” This applies to the army that conquers countries to convey the Da’wah, as it does for every Muslim, though for the army it is of more importance. Regarding raising its intellectual level, this is a kind of awareness which is necessary to understand the Deen and life’s affairs. Perhaps the saying of the Prophet (pbuh)
“Bilim yetkazilgan kishi, xabarni dastlab eshitgan kishidan ko‘proq anglashi mumkin”, degan gap rag‘batlantirishga ishorадир. Shuningdek, Qur’onda shunday deyilgan: {Tafakkur qiladigan qavm uchun}. [TMQ Yunus: 24]
“The one to whom the knowledge is conveyed may be of more awareness than the one who heard the message in the beginning”, is an indication of encouragement. Also the Qur’an says; “For people who contemplate” [TMQ Yunus: 24]
Va U (SWT) aytadi: “Ularning dillari (aqllari) bor, ular bilan tushunadilar.” [TMQ Al-A’raf: 179]
and He (swt) says “They have hearts (minds) by which they understand.” [TMQ Al-A’raf: 179]
Bularning barchasi fikrning maqomini ko‘rsatadi.
All these indicate the status of thought.
Har bir harbiy lagerda yuqori harbiy bilim va tajribaga ega, rejalar tuzish va janglarni boshqarishda mahoratli bo‘lgan xodimlar yetarli miqdorda bo‘lishi kerak. Odatda, bunday xodimlar armiya uchun imkon qadar eng ko‘p miqdorda ta’minlanishi zarur.
In every army camp there should be an ample number of staff that have high military knowledge and experience in drawing plans and in running the battles. It is generally necessary that these staff be provided for the army in the highest possible number.
Bu "bo'lmasa vojib ado bo'lmaydigan narsa o'zi ham vojibdir" degan qoidaga asoslanadi. Shunday ekan, harbiy ta'lim nazariy jihatdan o'rganish orqali va amaliy jihatdan doimiy mashg'ulot hamda amaliy qo'llash orqali o'zlashtirilmasa, u jangларда qatnashish va rejalar tuzish imkonini beradigan tajriba bermaydi. Demak, yuqori darajadagi harbiy ta'lim berish vojibdir. Doimiy o'qish va mashg'ulot ham vojibdir, toki qo'shin jihodga tayyorlanishda va har doim jangda qatnashishga tayyor bo'lishda davom etsin. Qo'shin ko'plab lagerlarda joylashgani va ularning har biri darhol jangga kirishga qodir bo'lishi kerakligi sababli, "Vojibni ado etish uchun zarur bo'lgan narsa o'zi ham vojibdir" qoidasiga ko'ra, har bir lagerda yetarli miqdorda xodimlar bo'lishi lozim. Shuningdek, qo'shin o'z vazifasini islom qo'shini sifatida bajara olishi uchun unda qurol-yarog', jihozlar, inshootlar va boshqa zarur narsalar mavjud bo'lishi kerak.
This is due to the principle ‘That without which a duty can not be performed is itself a duty.’ So where military education is not digested theoretically by learning, and practically by continuous training and practical application, then it will not produce experience which enables one to engage in battles and to draw up plans. Therefore providing high military education is a duty. Continuous study and training is also a duty so that the army continues to prepare for Jihad and also for engaging in battles at every moment. Since the army exists in many camps and every one of its camps has to be able to engage in battle immediately, there should be an ample number of staff in each camp according to the principle, ‘What is necessary to perform a duty is itself a duty.’ There must also be available to the army, weapons, equipment, facilities and other requirements, which enable it to carry out its duty in its capacity as an Islamic army.
Bu Allohning (SWT) quyidagi so'zi sababli:
This is due to the saying of Allah (swt):
Ularga qarshi, qo'lingizdan kelgancha kuch-quvvat va harbiy otliklarni tayyorlab qo'ying, shu bilan Allohning dushmanlarini va o'zingizning dushmanlaringizni, shuningdek siz bilmaydigan, lekin Alloh biladigan boshqalarni qo'rqitib qo'ying. [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
“Make ready, against them, your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to strike terror into (the hearts of) the enemies of Allah and your enemies, and others besides, whom you may not know, but whom Allah does know.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
Demak, jihodga tayyorgarlik ko‘rish farzdir va bu tayyorgarlik ochiq bo‘lishi kerak, shunda dushmanlarni hamda fuqarolar orasidagi munofiqlarni qo‘rqitish mumkin bo‘ladi. Uning (SWT) so‘zlari:
So the preparation for fighting is a duty and this preparation should be open so as to intimidate the enemies and the hypocrites from within the citizens. His (swt) saying,
“Dahshat solish” — bu tayyorgarlikning ‘illati (sababi)dir. Tayyorgarlik to‘liq bo‘lmaydi, agar bu hukm kelgan sabab, ya’ni dushmanlarni va munofiqlarni qo‘rqitish amalga oshmagan bo‘lsa. Shu sababdan, dushmanlarda vahima uyg‘otish uchun lashkar uchun barcha qurol-yarog‘ va jihozlarni tayyorlash farzi paydo bo‘ldi. Bu lashkar uchun yana bir sabab hamdir, chunki u o‘z vazifasini, ya’ni Islom xabarini yetkazish uchun jihodni ado etishga qodir bo‘lsin. Alloh (SWT) bizga tayyorgarlik haqida xitob qilgan. U tayyorgarlikning ‘illati ochiq dushmanlarni va ko‘rinmas dushmanlarni qo‘rqitish ekanini bayon qilgan. Alloh (SWT) aytadi: “Ular uchun qo‘lingizdan kelgancha kuch va jangovar otlardan tayyorlang, bilan Allohning dushmanlarini va o‘zingizning dushmanlaringizni, shuningdek siz bilmaydigan, lekin Alloh biladigan boshqalarni qo‘rqitasiz.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
“to strike terror” is the ‘Illah (reason) for preparation. The preparation will not be complete unless the reason for which this legislation came has been achieved, which is intimidating the enemies and the hypocrites. Hence came the duty of making available all the arms and equipment for the army in order that intimidation is produced. It is also all the more reason for the army, so that it is able to carry out its duty that is Jihad to convey the message of Islam. Allah (swt) addressed us about preparation. He stated that the reason (‘Illah) for preparation is intimidating the open enemies and enemies who are not apparent. Allah (swt) says; “Make ready, against them, your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to strike terror into (the hearts of) the enemies of Allah and your enemies, and others besides, whom you may not know, but whom Allah does know.” [TMQ Al-Anfal: 60]
Ayatning aniqligiga alohida e'tibor berish lozim, bunda Alloh (SWT) musulmonlarga jang qilish maqsadida emas, balki qo'rqitish maqsadida tayyorgarlik ko'rishni buyurgan, bu esa yanada chuqur ma'noga ega. Chunki dushmanning musulmonlar kuchi haqidagi xabardorligi uni ularga hujum qilishdan yoki ular bilan to'qnashishdan qaytaradi. Bu urushda g'alaba qozonish va zafarga erishish uchun qo'llanilishi mumkin bo'lgan eng buyuk usullardan biridir.
The utmost accuracy in the Ayah has to be noticed, where Allah (swt) did not order Muslims to make preparation for the purpose of fighting but for the purpose of intimidation, which is more profound. This is because knowledge of the enemy about the force of the Muslims deters it from attacking them or confronting them. This is one of the greatest styles that can be used to win a war and attain victory.