15.3 Gunohda itoatkorlik yo‘q - Islomdagi hukmlar tizimi | Quran Course

15.3 Gunohda itoatkorlik yo‘q - Islomdagi hukmlar tizimi | Quran Course

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15.3 Gunohda itoatkorlik yo‘q

15.3 No obedience in sin

by Abdul Qadeem Zalloom1 min readViewed 95 times

Hukmdorga itoat qilish majburiyatidan istisno qilingan masalalardan biri — u gunoh qilishni buyurganidir. Bu istisno matn bilan tasdiqlangan. Nofi’ Ibn ‘Umar rivoyatidan xabar berib, Allahning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan: “Musulmon kishi uchun — unga yoqsa ham, yoqmasa ham — tinglash va itoat qilish vojibdir, faqat gunohkor ish qilish buyurilgan bo‘lsa, bundan mustasno. Agar unga gunohkor ish qilish buyurilsa, musulmon na tinglashi va na itoat qilishi kerak.” [Muslim rivoyat qilgan] Bu yerda gap hukmdor musulmonga gunoh qilishni buyurgan holat haqida bormoqda. Bu hukmdorning o‘zi gunohkor bo‘lishi masalasiga taalluqli emas. Agar hukmdor sizdan oldin gunoh qilgan bo‘lsa-yu, sizga uni qilishni buyurmagan bo‘lsa, baribir unga itoat qilishingiz lozim. Muslim ‘Avf ibn Molik al-Ashja‘iy rivoyatidan xabar berib, shunday degan: “Men Allahning Elchisi ﷺ shunday deganlarini eshitganman: ...”

One matter that has been excluded from the obligation of obeying the ruler is when He orders a sin. This exclusion has been confirmed by text. Nafi’ reported on the authority of Ibnu ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said; “It is obligatory upon a Muslim that He should listen and obey whether He likes it or not, except when He is ordered to commit a sinful act. If He is ordered to do a sinful act, a Muslim should neither listen nor obey.” [Narrated by Muslim] The subject being addressed here is the case of a ruler ordering a Muslim to commit sin. It does not address the issue of a ruler being sinful. If the ruler committed the sin before you, without ordering you to commit it, you still have to obey him. Muslim reported on the authority of ‘Awf Ibnu Malik Al- Ashjai’, He said; “I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say:

“Sizning eng yaxshi imomlaringiz – siz ularni sevasiz va ular sizni sevadi, siz ular uchun duo qilasiz va ular siz uchun duo qiladi. Sizning eng yomon imomlaringiz esa – siz ulardan nafratlanasiz va ular sizdan nafratlanadi, siz ularni la’nat qilasiz va ular sizni la’nat qiladi.” Biz so‘radik: “Ey Allohning Elchisi, biz ularga qarshi urush e’lon qilmaymizmi?” U zot (ﷺ) dedilar: “Yo‘q, to ular orangizda namozni barpo etar ekanlar. Ogoh bo‘linglar! Kimning ustidan bir hokim tayinlangan bo‘lsa va u uning Allohga itoatsizlik qilganini ko‘rsa, u hokimning Allohga itoatsizlik qilgan ishidan nafratlansin, lekin itoatdan qo‘lini tortmasin.” Bu dalildir, ya’ni hokimning gunohkor amrini buyurish deganda, hokimning o‘zi gunoh qilishi emas, balki hokimning o‘zi buyurgan gunoh ishning o‘zi nazarda tutiladi. Agar hokimning gunoh qilayotgani ko‘rilsa, unga itoatsizlik qilish joiz emas. Lekin agar u birovga Allohga itoatsizlik qilishni buyursa, unda unga itoat qilinmaydi, chunki Yaratguvchiga itoatsizlik qilishda hech bir yaratilgan insonga itoat qilish yo‘q.

‘The best of your Imams are those whom you love and they love you, and whom you pray for and they pray for you, and the worst of your Imams are those whom you hate and they hate you and you curse them and they curse you.’We asked; ‘O Messenger of Allah, shall we not then declare war on them?’ He (pbuh) said; ‘No, as long as they establish prayer among you. Beware! Whoever has a Waali (ruler) appointed over Him and He saw Him commit an act of disobedience to Allah, He should hate the Waali’s act of disobedience to Allah, but should not withdraw his hand from obedience.’” This serves as an evidence that what is intended by ordering a sinful act is ordering of the act itself by the ruler rather than the ruler himself committing it. If the ruler is seen committing a sin, it would not be lawful to disobey him, but if He ordered somebody to disobey Allah, then He should not be obeyed for there is no obedience to any created person in an act of disobedience to the Creator.

Bu holat faqat hokimning gunohkor ishni buyurgan paytidagina itoatsizlik qilish joiz va vojib bo‘ladigan yagona holatdir. Buyurilgan ish haqiqatan ham gunoh ekanligi shubhasiz bilinishi kerak, masalan, uni foiz olishga buyurgan bo‘lsa. Agar uning buyrug‘i o‘zining fikricha joiz, lekin boshqalar nazarida harom deb hisoblanishi mumkin bo‘lgan ishni bajarish bo‘lsa, unga itoat qilinishi kerak va unga itoatsizlik qilish joiz emas. Bu gunoh qilishga buyruq deb hisoblanmaydi, balki joiz ishni qilishga buyruq hisoblanadi. Masalan, agar kishiga o‘z fikriga zid ravishda, hokim tomonidan rasmiy muomala uchun fotosurat olish buyurilsa, unga itoat qilinishi kerak. Chunki hokim Ibn Abbos rivoyat qilgan, suratga olishni man etuvchi hadisni qo‘lda chizish va eskiz yaratishga tegishli deb hisoblaydi, fotosuratga esa tegishli emas deb biladi. Demak, bu uning nazarida dalil yoki ehtimoliy dalildir. Shuning uchun rasmiy muomalalarda yoki hujjatlarda fotosuratdan foydalanish haqidagi uning buyrug‘i gunohga buyruq emas. Shunga ko‘ra unga itoat qilinishi kerak va unga itoatsizlik qilish harom bo‘ladi.

This is the only case when disobedience to the ruler is lawful and obligatory, namely when He orders a sinful act. It must be known without doubt that what has been ordered is truly a sin, such as if He orders one to take usury. If however, his order is to perform something that in his opinion is lawful but may be considered unlawful by others, He should be obeyed and it is not allowed to disobey him. This would not be considered an order to commit a sin, but an order to commit a lawful act. For instance, if one is ordered, against one’s own opinion, to have a photograph taken for an official transaction by the ruler, He should be obeyed. For the ruler deems that the Hadith of Ibnu ‘Abbas that prohibits photographing refers to the manual drawing and sketching, but does not apply to the photographic picture. Accordingly, this is evidence or probable evidence in his view. Therefore, his order to use a photographic picture in the official transactions or documents is not an order to commit a sin. He should therefore be obeyed and it would be unlawful to disobey him.