Hokimiyatning ummatga tegishli ekani haqidagi tamoyil shariat qoidasidan kelib chiqadi: xalifaning tayinlanishi ummatning huquqi bo‘lib, xalifa faqat bay’at olish orqali o‘z vazifasiga kirishadi va vakolatini amalga oshiradi. Bunga dalil ko‘plab hadislarda aniq bayon etilgan. Muslim ‘Ubodah ibn as-Somit (roziyallohu anhu)dan rivoyat qiladi: Payg‘ambar ﷺ aytdilar:

The principle that the authority belongs to the Ummah is taken from the Shari’ah rule that states that the appointment of the Khaleefah is the right of the Ummah and that the Khaleefah can only take up his post and exercises his authority by taking a Bay’ah. The evidence for this has been clearly demonstrated in many Ahadith. Muslim narrated from ‘Ubadah Ibn us-Samit, he (pbuh) said:

“Biz Allohning Rasuliga ﷺ eshitish va itoat etish, qiyinchilikda va osonlikda (bay’at) bergan edik.” Va Jarir ibn Abdulloh rivoyat qilib aytdi:

“We gave Bay’ah to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to hear and to obey in ease and hardship.” And from Jarir Ibn ‘Abdullah, who said:

«Men Allohning Elchisiga (sallallohu alayhi vasallam) itoat qilish, buyruqlariga bo‘ysunish va har bir musulmonga nasihat qilish uchun bay’at berdim». Abu Hurayra rivoyat qilishicha, Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan:

“I gave Bay’ah to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to listen and obey and give advice to every Muslim”. Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

Allohning (swt) Qiyomat kuni uch toifa odamga gapirmasligini, ularni poklamasligini va ularga og'riqli azob borligini aytgan uch kishi: yo'lda ortiqcha suvi bor, lekin uni yo'lovchiga man qiladigan kishi; faqat o'z dunyosi uchun imomga bay'at beradigan kishi – unga berganida vafo qiladi, aks holda vafo qilmaydi; va asr namozidan keyin mol sotmoqchi bo'lib, unga shuncha narx berilganini qasam ichadigan, xaridor esa unga ishonib olib, lekin unga o'sha narx berilmagan kishi. [Al-Bukhoriy va Muslim rivoyat qilgan] Shunday ekan, musulmonlar xalifaga bay'at beradilar, xalifa musulmonlarga bay'at bermaydi. Bay'at beruvchilar aynan ular bo'lib, ya'ni ular uni o'zlari ustidan hukmdor etib tayinlaydilar. Xulafoyi Roshidin ummatdan bay'at oldilar; ummat ularga bay'at bergandan keyingina ular xalifa bo'ldilar. Xalifaning hokimiyatni faqat shu bay'at orqali olishiga dalil esa itoat haqidagi hadislar va xilofatning birligi to'g'risidagi hadislarda aniq ko'rsatilgan. Muslim Abdulloh ibn Amr ibn al-Os'dan rivoyat qilgan: Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan:

“Three types of people which Allah (swt) will not speak to (on the Day of Judgement), nor will He praise them and they have severe punishment are: A man with surplus water on the road but he bans the traveller from it; a man who gives a Bay’ah to an Imam only for his own dunia, if he gave what he wanted him, he fulfilled to him otherwise he would not; and a man offered a commodity for sale after ‘asr, (i.e. from at the end of the day) so he swore that he was given so and so price for it, so he (the buyer) trusted him and took it, but he was not given (that price) for it.” [Narrated by Al-Bukahri and Muslim] Thus, the Muslims give the Bay’ah to the Khaleefah and not by the Khaleefah to the Muslims. They are the ones who give him the Bay’ah, i.e. they appoint him as a ruler over them. The Khulafaa’ Ar-Rashidoon took their Bay’ah from the Ummah; they only became Khulafaa’ once the Ummah gave the Bay’ah to them. As for the evidence that the Khaleefah only takes his authority by this Bay’ah, this is clear in the Ahadith concerning the obedience and the Ahadith regarding the unity of the Khilafah. Muslim narrated from ‘Abdullah Ibnu ‘Amru Ibn al-‘A‘as that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Kimki bir imomga bay’at bersa, unga qo‘lining kaftini va yuragining mevasini bersa, qodir bo‘lganicha unga itoat etsin. Agar boshqasi kelib uning bilan talashsa, o‘sha odamning bo‘yniga urish kerak.” Nofi’ aytdi: ‘Abdulloh ibn ‘Umar menga aytdi: men Allohning Rasuli ﷺ shunday deganlarini eshitdim:

“Whoever gave Bay’ah to an Imam giving him the clasp of his hand and the fruit of his heart shall obey him as long as he can. If another comes to dispute with him, you must strike the neck of that man.” Naf ’i said ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Umar told me: I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say:

"Kim itoatdan qo‘lini tortib olsa, u Qiyomat kuni Alloh (SWT) huzuriga hech qanday hujjatsiz duch keladi; va kim bay’at bo‘yniga yuklanmagan holda vafot etsa, u Johiliyat davrining o‘limi bilan o‘ladi." [Muslim rivoyat qilgan] Ibn Abbos xabar berdiki, Alloh elchisi ﷺ shunday degan:

“Whoever takes off his hand from an obedience, he will meet Allah (swt) on the Resurrection Day without having any proof to show for himself; and whoever dies while having no Bay’ah on his neck he dies the death of the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyah).” [Narrated by Muslim] Ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Kimki o‘z amirida o‘ziga yoqmaydigan biror narsani ko‘rsa, sabr qilsin, chunki kim Sulton (Islom hokimiyati)dan hatto bir qarich ham ajralib, shu holda vafot etsa, u johiliyat o‘limi bilan o‘lgan bo‘ladi.” [Muslim rivoyat qilgan] Abu Hurayra rivoyat qiladi: Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan edilar:

“If anyone sees in his Ameer something that displeases him let him remain patient, for behold! He who separates himself from the Sultan (authority of Islam) by even so much as a hand span and dies thereupon, he has died the death of Jahiliyyah.” [Narrated by Muslim] Abu Hurayrah reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said:

“Payg‘ambarlar Isroil o‘g‘illari ustidan hukm yuritar edilar. Qachonki bir payg‘ambar vafot etsa, uning o‘rniga boshqa payg‘ambar kelar edi, lekin mendan keyin hech qanday payg‘ambar bo‘lmaydi. Tez orada xalifalar bo‘ladilar va ularning soni ko‘p bo‘ladi.” Ular so‘radilar: “Unda bizga nima buyurasiz?” U zot ﷺ aytdilar: “Ularga birin-ketin bay’at bajo keltiringlar va ularga o‘z haqlarini beringlar, chunki Alloh albatta ularga O‘zi topshirgan narsalar haqida so‘raydi.” [Muslim rivoyat qilgan] Bu hadislar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, xalifa faqat shu bay’at orqali hokimiyatga ega bo‘ladi, chunki Alloh (SWT) uning itoat etilishini buyurgan.

“The prophets ruled over the children of Israel. Whenever a prophet died, another prophet succeeded him, but there will be no prophet after me. There will soon be Khulafaa’ and they will number many. They asked: What then do you order us? He (pbuh) said: Fulfil Bay’ah to them one after the other, and give them their dues, for verily Allah will ask them about what He entrusted them with.” [Narrated by Muslim] These Ahadith demonstrate that the Khaleefah only takes the authority by this Bay’ah, for Allah (swt) has commanded his obedience:

“Kimki imomga bay'at qilsa ... unga itaat qilsin.” Demak, u bay'at orqali xalifa etib tayinlanadi va u xalifa sifatida bay'at qilingani uchun uning itoati majburiy bo'ladi. Shunday qilib, u hokimiyatni o'ziga bay'at bergan Ummatdan oldi va Ummat o'zi bay'at bergan kishiga, ya'ni bo'ynida bay'at bo'lgan kishiga itoat qiladi. Bu hokimiyat Ummatga tegishli ekanini isbotlaydi. Garchi Allohning Rasuli ﷺ oxirgi payg'ambar bo'lsa-da, u odamlardan bay'at oldi, bu esa payg'ambarlikka emas, balki hokimiyat va boshqaruvga berilgan bay'atdir. U ﷺ bu bay'atni erkaklardan ham, ayollardan ham oldi, ammo bolalardan olmadi. Musulmonlar Allohning Kitobi va Uning Rasulining Sunnatiga muvofiq xalifani bay'at berish orqali tayinlaydilar va xalifa hokimiyatni faqat shu bay'at bilan egallaydi, bu esa hokimiyat Ummatga tegishli ekanini va u Ummat xohlagan kishiga uni berishini aniq ko'rsatadi.

“Whoever pledged allegiance to an Imam ... shall obey him.” So, he is appointed Khaleefah through the Bay’ah, and his obedience becomes compulsory because he is a pledged allegiance to as Khaleefah. Thus he took the authority from the Ummah which gave her Bay’ah and her obedience to the one whom she pledged to i.e. to the one who has a Bay’ah on her neck. This proves that the authority belongs to the Ummah. Despite the fact that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was the final Messenger, he took the pledge (Bay’ah) from the people, which is a Bay’ah on authority and ruling and not on Prophet hood. He (pbuh) took this Bay’ah from men as well as women, but not from children. The fact that it is the Muslims who appoint the Khaleefah by giving him the Bay’ah according to the Kitab (Book) of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and that the Khaleefah only assumes power by this Bay’ah, clearly indicates that the authority belongs to the Ummah who gives it to whoever she wishes.