Aqueles assuntos graves que ocorreram em seus dias foram: o envio do exército de Usamah; a luta contra os que apostataram (do Islã) e contra os que se recusaram a pagar o zakat; Musaylimah, o mentiroso; e a compilação do Alcorão.

Those weighty matters which happened in his days were the despatch of Usamah’s army; fighting against the people who reneged (on Islam) and against those who refused the zakat-, Musaylimah the I ,iar; and the collection of the Qur’an.

Al-Ismacili narrou que cUmar, que Allah esteja satisfeito com ele, disse: Quando o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ faleceu, apostataram aqueles dentre os árabes que apostataram, e disseram: "Nós rezaremos, mas não pagaremos o zakat!" Fui até Abu Bakr e disse: "Khalifah do Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ, seja conciliador com o povo e seja gentil e brando com eles, pois eles não passam de animais selvagens." Ele disse: "Eu esperava pelo seu auxílio, e você veio a mim retendo o seu auxílio."

Al-Ismacili narrated that cUmar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died there reneged whoever reneged of the Arabs and they said, ‘We will pray but we will not produce the zakat! I went to Abu Bakr and said, ‘Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah, be conciliatory with the people and be gentle and mild with them, for they are only on the level of wild animals.’ He said, ‘I hoped lor your help and you have come to me holding back your help.

Tirânico na Jahiliyyah e concessor de licença no Islã! Com o que você achava que eu deveria conciliá-los? Com versos compostos e magia forjada? Fora, fora! O Profeta ﷺ partiu e a revelação foi interrompida. Por Allah, eu os combaterei enquanto a espada permanecer em minha mão, mesmo que se recusem a me dar uma corda de camelo (para amarrar as patas).’ ʿUmar disse: Percebi que ele era mais penetrante no assunto do que eu, mais resoluto, e ele reuniu o povo em questões que pareciam pequenas e insignificantes para muitos, por causa do incômodo que lhes causavam, quando fui nomeado para comandá-los.

Tyrannical in Jahiliyyah and granting licence in Islam! With what did you think I should conciliate them? With composed verses and forged magic? Away, away! The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has gone and revelation is cut off. By Allah, I will fight them as long as the sword remains in my hand, even if they refuse me a hobbling rope (of a camel).’ cUmar said: I found him more penetrating on the matter than me, more resolute, and he collected the people together on matters which appeared little and unimportant to many because of their inconvenience to them when I was appointed in command over them.

Abu'l-Qasim al-Baghawi, Abu Bakr ash-Shafi'i, em seu Fawa'id, e Ibn 'Asakir relataram que 'A'isha, que Allah esteja satisfeito com ela, disse: Quando o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ faleceu, a hipocrisia ergueu a cabeça, os árabes apostataram e os Ansar se recolheram. Se aquilo que desceu sobre meu pai tivesse descido sobre as montanhas inabaláveis, tê-las-ia despedaçado. Não houve divergência entre eles em nenhum ponto sem que meu pai fosse rápido em encontrar a solução adequada e o juízo correto. Eles perguntaram: "Onde deve ser sepultado o Profeta ﷺ?" Não encontrávamos ninguém que tivesse conhecimento sobre isso. Então Abu Bakr disse: "Ouvi o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ dizer: 'Nenhum Profeta morre sem que seja sepultado sob o leito em que faleceu.'" Ela disse:

Abu’l-Qasim al-Baghawi, Abu Bakr ash-Shafici, in his Fawa’id, and Ibn cAsakir narrated that cA’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died then hypocrisy raised its head, the Arabs reneged and the Ansar secluded themselves. If that which descended on my father had come down on the immovable mountains it would have broken them. They did not disagreeon a point but that my father was prompt with its utility and its judgement. They said, ‘Where should the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, be buried?’ We could not find anyone with knowledge of that. Then Abu Bakr said, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “No Prophet dies but that he is buried beneath the bed upon which he died.’” She said:

Eles discordaram sobre a sua herança e não conseguiram encontrar ninguém com conhecimento sobre esse ponto, então Abu Bakr disse: "Ouvi o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ dizer: 'Nós, a comunidade dos Profetas, não somos herdados. O que deixamos é sadaqah.'" Alguns dos homens de conhecimento disseram: Esta foi a primeira divergência que ocorreu entre os Companheiros, que Allah esteja satisfeito com eles. Alguns disseram: "Vamos enterrá-lo em Makkah, a sua cidade na qual nasceu", e outros disseram: "Não, em sua mesquita", e outros disseram: "Não, em al-Baqi'", e outros disseram: "Em Bait al-Maqdis, o cemitério dos Profetas", até que Abu Bakr lhes transmitiu o conhecimento que possuía. Ibn Zunjawayh disse: Esta Sunnah foi uma que foi exclusivamente de as-Siddiq entre todos os Muhajirun e Ansar, e eles recorreram a ele por causa dela.

They disagreed about his inheritance and could find no-one with knowledge on that point, then Abu Bakr said, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying, “We, the company of the Prophets, we are not inherited from. What we leave is sadaqah”’ Some of the men of knowledge said: This was the first disagreement which happened among the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. Some said, ‘We will bury him in Makkah, his city in which he was born’, and others said, ‘No, in his mosque,’ and others said, ‘No, in al-Baqic’, and others said, ‘In al-Bait al-Maqdis, the burial ground of the Prophets’, until Abu Bakr told them of the knowledge that he had. Ibn Zunjawayh said: This Sunnah was one which was uniquely as-Siddiq’s among all of the Muhajirun and Ansar and they had recourse to him for it.

Al-Bayhaqi e Ibn ʿAsakir narraram que Abu Hurayrah, que Allah esteja satisfeito com ele, disse: "Por Aquele fora do Qual não há deus senão Ele, se Abu Bakr não tivesse sido designado como khalifah, Allah não teria sido adorado." Então ele repetiu isso uma segunda vez e depois uma terceira vez. Alguém lhe disse: "Como assim, Abu Hurayrah?" Ele respondeu: "O Mensageiro de Allah, que Allah o abençoe e lhe conceda paz ﷺ, enviou Usamah ibn Zaid, junto com setecentos homens, para a Síria. Quando chegaram a Dhu Khushub, o Profeta ﷺ faleceu, os árabes ao redor de Madinah renegaram o seu Islam, e os companheiros do Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ reuniram-se em torno de Abu Bakr e disseram: 'Fazei-os voltar. Vais enviá-los contra os bizantinos enquanto os árabes ao redor de Madinah renegaram?' Ele respondeu: 'Por Aquele fora do Qual não há deus senão Ele, mesmo que cães estivessem arrastando as esposas do Profeta ﷺ pelos pés, eu não faria retornar um exército que o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ enviou, nem desfaria um estandarte que ele amarrou!' Ele enviou Usamah, e cada tribo pela qual ele passava e que desejava renegar dizia (a si mesma): 'Se estes (o povo de Madinah) não tivessem poder, não teria saído de entre eles um exército como este; deixemo-los, então, até que encontrem os bizantinos.' Eles os encontraram, derrotaram-nos, mataram-nos e retornaram em segurança, de modo que as tribos permaneceram firmes no Islam." E ele narrou que ʿUrwah disse: O Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ começou a dizer em sua doença: "Despachem o exército de Usamah", de modo que ele partiu até chegar a al-Jurf (a três milhas de Madinah, na estrada para a Síria). Sua esposa, Fatimah bint Qais, enviou-lhe uma mensagem dizendo: "Não te apresses, porque o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ está gravemente afligido." Ele não prosseguiu até que o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ faleceu. Quando ele faleceu, retornou a Abu Bakr e disse: "O Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ enviou-me enquanto não estávamos neste estado seu. Temo que os árabes rejeitem (o seu Islã), e se rejeitarem, serão os primeiros a serem combatidos. Se não rejeitarem, seguirei adiante, pois comigo estão os chefes do povo e os melhores deles." Abu Bakr dirigiu-se ao povo e disse: "Por Allah, que aves de rapina me arrebatem é mais caro para mim do que eu dar precedência a algo sobre a ordem do Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ." Então ele o enviou.

Al-Bayhaqi and Ibn cAsakir narrated that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: ‘By the One Whom there is no god but Him, if Abu Bakr had not been appointed khalifah then Allah would not have been worshipped.’ Then he said it a second time and then he said it a third time. Someone said to him, ‘How so, Abu Hurayrah?’ So he said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, directed Usamah ibn Zaid, along with seven hundred men, to Syria. When they arrived at Dhu Khushub the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Arabs around Madinah reneged on their Islam and the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gathered around him and said, “Bring these back. Do you direct these against the Byzantines while the Arabs around Madinah have reneged?” He said, “By the One Whom there is no god but Him, even if dogs were dragging the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by their feet I would not return an army which the Messenger of Allah had sent out, nor undo a standard wliich he had tied!” He sent Usamah, and every tribe he would pass by which was wishing to renege would say (to themselves), “If these (the people of Madinah) did not have power, the like of these (the army) would not have come out from among them, so let us leave them alone until they meet the Byzantines.” They met them, defeated them, killed them and returned safely, so that they (the tribes) remained firm in Islam.’ And he narrated that cUrwah said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began to say in his illness, 'Despatch the army of Usamah,’ so that it travelled until it reached al-Jurf (three miles from Madinah on the road to Syria). His (Usamah’s) wife, Fatimah bint Qais, sent a message to him saying, 'Do not hasten, because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is heavily afflicted.’ He did not proceed until the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died. When he died, he returned to Abu Bakr and said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me while we were not in this state of yours. I fear that the Arabs will reject (their Islam), and if they reject, they are the first to be fought. If they do not reject, I will carry on, because with me are the chiefs of the people and the best of them.’ Abu Bakr addressed the people and said, ‘By Allah, that birds (of prey) were to snatch me away is more beloved to me than that I should give anything precedence over the command of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ Then he sent him.

Adh-Dhahabi disse: Quando a morte do Profeta ﷺ se tornou conhecida nas regiões, muitos grupos dos árabes apostataram do seu Islã e recusaram o zakat, então Abu Bakr as-Siddiq preparou-se para combatê-los. Umar e outros o aconselharam a evitar combatê-los, mas ele disse: "Por Allah, se recusarem a mim uma corda de amarrar camelos ou um cabrito novo que costumavam pagar ao Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ, eu os combaterei por causa dessa recusa." Umar disse: "Como você pode combater as pessoas quando o Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ disse: 'Fui ordenado a combater as pessoas até que digam: Não há deus senão Allah, e que Muhammad é o Mensageiro de Allah, e quem o disser, seus bens e seu sangue estão protegidos de mim, exceto pelo que for devido (punição por crimes)'?"

Adh-Dhahabi said: When the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became well known in the districts, many groups of the Arabs reneged on their Islam and refused the zakat so Abu Bakr as-Siddiq prepared to fight them. cUmar and others counselled him to avoid fighting them, so he said, ‘By Allah, if they refused me a hobbling cord or a young she-goat which they used to pay to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, I would fight them over its refusal.’ TJmar said, ‘How can you fight people when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “I have been ordered to fight people until they say: There is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and whoever said it, his property and his blood are safe from me except for its due (punishment for crimes)

…e a sua prestação de contas cabe a Allah.”? Abu Bakr disse: “Por Allah, combaterei quem fizer distinção entre a oração e a zakat, pois a zakat é o que é devido sobre a propriedade; e ele disse: ‘Exceto o seu direito devido’.” ʿUmar disse: “Por Allah, foi apenas que percebi que Allah havia expandido o peito de Abu Bakr para o combate, e soube que isso era o correto.” Os dois Shaykhs e outros narraram-no.

and his reckoning is up to Allah.”?’ Abu Bakr said, ‘By Allah, I will fight whoever makes a distinction between the prayer and the zakat, for the zakat is what is due on property, and he said, “Except for its due.’” cUmar said, ‘By Allah, it was only that I saw that Allah had expanded the breast of Abu Bakr to fighting and I knew that it was right.’ The two Shaykhs and others narrated it.

Urwah disse: Abu Bakr saiu com os Muhajirun e os Ansar até chegar a um pântano em frente a Najd, e os beduínos fugiram com suas famílias. As pessoas falaram com Abu Bakr e disseram: "Volte para Madinah, para as crianças e as mulheres, e coloque um homem no comando do exército", e insistiram até que ele retornou, colocando Khalid ibn al-Walid no comando. Ele disse a ele: "Se eles se submeterem ao Islam e pagarem a sadaqah (a zakat), então quem de vocês desejar voltar poderá voltar", e Abu Bakr retornou a Madinah.

cUrwah said: Abu Bakr went out with the Muhajirun and the Ansar until he reached a swamp opposite Najd and the nomadic Arabs fled with their families. The people spoke to Abu Bakr and said, ‘Go back to Madinah, to the children and women, and put a man in command of the army,’ and they persisted until he returned, putting Khalid ibn al-Walid in command. He said to him, ‘If they submit in Islam and pay the sadaqah (the zakai) then whoever of you wishes to return may return,’ and Abu Bakr went back to Madinah.

Ad-Daraqutni narrou que Ibn cUmar disse: Quando Abu Bakr partiu e estava montado em seu camelo, cAli ibn Abi Talib segurou suas rédeas e disse: "Aonde você vai, ó Khalifah do Mensageiro de Allah? Digo-te o que o Mensageiro de Allah, que Allah o abençoe e lhe conceda paz, te disse no Dia de Uhud: 'Embainha a tua espada e não nos causes aflição e preocupação por causa de tua pessoa', e retorna a Madinah, pois, por Allah, se formos afligidos por tua causa, nunca mais haverá ordem no Islam." ﷺ Handhalah ibn cAli al-Laythi disse que Abu Bakr enviou Khalid e ordenou-lhe que combatesse as pessoas por cinco questões, e que quem abandonasse uma delas deveria ser combatido da mesma forma que quem abandonasse todas as cinco: a shahadah de que não há deus senão Allah e que Muhammad é Seu servo e mensageiro ﷺ, o estabelecimento da oração, o pagamento do zakat, o jejum do Ramadã e a peregrinação à Casa. Khalid e os que estavam com ele partiram em Jumada al-Akhirah e combateram Banu Asad e Ghatafan. Mataram a quem mataram e capturaram a quem capturaram, e os demais retornaram ao Islam.

Ad-Daraqutni narrated that Ibn TJmar said: When Abu Bakr set out and was mounted on his camel, cAli ibn Abi Talib took hold of its reins and said, ‘Where are you going, Khalifah of the Messenger of Allah? I say to you that which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to you on the Day of Uhud, “Sheath your sword, and do not cause us grief and concern for your person,” and return to Madinah, for, by Allah, if we are caused to grieve because of you there will not be any order in Islam ever.’ Handhalah ibn cAli al-Laythi said that Abu Bakr sent Khalid and ordered him to fight people over five matters, and that whoever abandoned one of them, he was to fight him just as he was to fight whoever abandoned all five: the shahadah that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and messenger, the establishment of the prayer, the production of the zakat, the fast of Ramadan and the pilgrimage of the House. Khalid unci those with him went out in Jumada al-Akhirah and fought Banu Asad and Ghatafan. They killed whomever they killed and captured whomever they captured, and the rest returned to Islam.

Neste evento, Ukkashah ibn Mihsan e Thabit ibn Aqram foram martirizados.

In this event cUkkashah ibn Mihsan and Thabit ibn Aqram were martyred.

No Ramadã deste ano, Fátima, que Allah esteja satisfeito com ela, filha do Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ, faleceu, a Senhora (Sayyidah) das mulheres do mundo, e sua idade era de vinte e quatro anos. Adh-Dhahabi disse: O Mensageiro de Allah ﷺ não teve descendentes senão por meio dela, pois a descendência de sua filha Zaynab extinguiu-se, segundo relatou az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar.

In Ramadan of this year, Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died, the Mistress (.Sayyidah) of the world’s women, and her age was twenty-four years old. Adh-Dhahabi said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had no descendants but through her, because the issue of his daughter Zaynab became extinct, az-Zubayr ibn Bakkar said.

Umm Ayman morreu um mês antes dela. Em Shawwal, cAbdullah ibn Abi Bakr morreu. Depois disso, Khalid partiu com o seu exército para al-Yamamah, para combater Musaylimah, o Mentiroso, perto do fim do ano. Os dois exércitos se encontraram, o cerco durou alguns dias e, então, o Mentiroso foi morto, que Allah o amaldiçoe. Wahshi, aquele que matou Hamzah, o matou. Um grande número dos Companheiros foi martirizado ali: Abu Hudhayfah ibn cUtbah, Salim, o liberto de Abu Hudhayfah, Shujac ibn Wahb, Zaid ibn al-Khattab, cAbdullah ibn Sahl, Malik ibn cAmr, at-Tufayl ibn cAmr ad-Dawsi, Yazid ibn Qais, cAmir ibn al-Bukayr, cAbdullah ibn Makhramah, as-Sa'ib ibn cUthman ibn Madhcun, cAbbad ibn Bishr, Macan ibn cAdi, Thabit ibn Qais ibn Shamas, Abu Dujanah Simak ibn Harb e um grande número, totalizando setenta (dos Companheiros). Musaylimah, no dia de sua morte, tinha cento e cinquenta anos de idade, tendo nascido antes do nascimento de cAbdullah, pai do Profeta ﷺ.

Umm Ayman died a month before her. In Shawwal cAbdullah ibn Abi Bakr died. Then Khalid went with his army to al-Yamamah to light Musaylimah the Liar, towards the end of the year. The two hosts met, the siege lasted some days, and then the Liar was killed, may Allah curse him. Wahshi, the one who killed Hamzah, killed him. A great number of the Companions were martyred there: Abu Hudhayfah ibn cUtbah, Salim the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, Shujac ibn Wahb, Zaid ibn al-Khattab, cAbdullah ibn Sahl, Malik ibn cAmr, at-Tufayl ibn cAmr ad-Dawsi, Yazid ibn Qais, cAmir ibn al-Bukayr, cAbdullah ibn Makhramah, as-Sa’ib ibn cUthman ibn Madhcun, cAbbad ibn Bishr, Macan ibn cAdi, Thabit\ibn Qais ibn Shamas, Abu Dujanah Simak ibn Harb and a large number totalling seventy (of the Companions). Musaylimah, on the day of his death, was one hundred and fifty years old, his birth having been before the birth of cAbdullah, the father of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

No ano doze, as-Siddiq enviou al-cAla' ibn al-Hadrami ao Bahrein, onde haviam apostatado. Eles se encontraram em Jawatha, e os muçulmanos saíram vitoriosos. Enviou cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl a Omã, onde havia apostasia, e enviou al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayyah ao povo de Nujayr. Enviou Ziyad ibn Labid al-Ansari a um grupo dos que haviam apostatado. Naquele ano faleceu Abu'l-cAs ibn ar-Rabic, marido de Zaynab, filha do Profeta ﷺ, e também as-Sacb ibn Juthamah al-Laythi e Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi. Naquele ano, depois de terminar a luta contra os que haviam apostatado, as-Siddiq, que Allah esteja satisfeito com ele, enviou Khalid ibn al-Walid à terra de Basra, e ele atacou Ubullah, conquistou-a e tomou Mada'in Kisra, a que fica no Iraque, em parte por tratado e em parte pela força. Naquele ano Abu Bakr as-Siddiq realizou o Hajj e, ao regressar, enviou cAmr ibn al-cAs e o exército à Síria. A batalha de Ajnadayn ocorreu em Jumada al-Ula do décimo terceiro ano, e os muçulmanos saíram vitoriosos. Abu Bakr recebeu a boa notícia quando estava próximo da morte. cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl foi martirizado nela, e também Hisham ibn al-cAs, junto a um grupo de outros. Naquele ano houve a batalha de Marju's-Suffar, os idólatras foram derrotados e al-Fadl ibn al-cAbbas, entre outros, foi martirizado.

In the twelfth year, as-Siddiq sent al-cAla’ ibn al-Hadrami to Bahrain who had reneged. So they met at Jawatha and the Muslims were victorious. He sent cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl to Oman who had reneged, and he sent al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayyah to the people of Nujayr. He sent Ziyad ibn Labid al-Ansari to a group of those who had reneged. In that year Abu’l-cAs ibn ar-Rabic died, the husband of Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, also as-Sacb ibn Juthamah al-Laythi, and Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi. In that year, after finishing fighting the people who had reneged, as-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to the land of Basra and he raided Ubullah, captured it and took Mada’in Kisra, the one which is in Iraq, partly by treaty and partly by force. In that year Abu Bakr as-Siddiq undertook the Hajj, then returned and sent cAmr ibn al-cAs and the army to Syria; the battle of Ajnadayn happened in Jumada al-Ula of the thirteenth year, and the Muslims were victorious. Abu Bakr was given the good tidings when he was close to death. cIkrimah ibn Abi Jahl was martyred in it and Hisham ibn al-cAs among a group of others. In that year there was the battle of Marju’s-Suffar, the idolaters were defeated and al-Fadl ibn al-cAbbas, among others, was martyred.