当阿勒-马蒙去世后，艾哈迈德被带回巴格达，并被关押在那里。

When al-Maʾmūn died, Aḥmad was brought back to Baghdad and imprisoned there.

然后他受到了穆尔塔希姆的审讯。当时的首席法官是艾哈迈德·伊本·艾比·杜拉德，他曾说服哈里发对人们是否相信《古兰经》是受造的进行考验。353 69.1

Then he was tried by al-Muʿtaṣim. The chief judge at the time was Aḥmad ibn Abī Duʾād, who had persuaded the caliph to test people’s belief that the Qurʾan is created.353 69.1

Al-Marrūdhī said: 69. Translation: 穆尔鲁迪说：69。2

Al-Marrūdhī said: 69.2

当艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒被关进监狱时，狱卒来问他，关于暴君及为其效力之人的那段圣训是否可靠。艾哈迈德告诉他，那段圣训是可靠的。

When Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was put in prison, the jailer came and asked him whether the Hadith about tyrants and those who serve them was authentic.354 Aḥmad told him it was.

“我是那些侍奉他们的人之一吗？”狱卒问道。

“Am I one of those who serve them?” asked the jailer.

“那些服侍你们的人，是为你们剃发、洗衣、备餐、与你们做生意的人。而你们，则是暴君之一。”【艾哈迈德：】在 19 年的斋月（公元 834 年 9 月或 10 月），我被转移到伊斯哈格·伊本·易卜拉欣的住所。每天他们都会派来两个人——一人名叫艾哈迈德·伊本·拉巴赫，另一人是阿布·舒艾卜·哈贾姆——与我辩论。他们准备离开时，便会叫人取来脚镣，加在我身上已有的脚镣之上。最终我双腿上戴了四副脚镣。355 69.3

“Those who serve are the ones who cut your hair, wash your clothes, prepare your food, and do business with you. What you are is one of the tyrants.” [Aḥmad:] In Ramadan of ’19 [September or October 834] I was moved to Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm’s house. Every day they sent over two men—Aḥmad ibn Rabāḥ, one was called, and the other was Abū Shuʿayb al-Ḥajjām—to debate with me. When they were ready to leave they would call for a fetter and add it to the fetters that I already had on me. I ended up with four fetters on my legs.355 69.3

第三天，两人中的一位前来与我展开辩论。辩论中途，我问道："你们对神的知识有什么看法？"356

On the third day one of the two came and started debating with me. At one point I asked, “What do you say about God’s knowledge?”356

“真主的知识是被造的，”他回答道。

“God’s knowledge is created,” he replied.

“你是个异教徒！”在场的还有一个人，是伊斯哈格·本·易卜拉欣派来的。他听到我的话，便说：“你这是在跟信士的长官的使者说话！”“不管他是谁，”我回答道，“他仍然是个异教徒。”第四夜，他——即穆阿台绥姆——派人名叫布加的长者来接我，离开伊斯哈格处时，我被带去见伊斯哈格。他说：“以真主发誓，艾哈迈德，这关系到你的性命。他不会就这样一刀把你砍了了事，他已经发誓，如果你不照他说的做，他会把你打得不省人事，然后把你扔到一个你永远见不到太阳的地方。你看，真主不是说：«我确已把它制成阿拉伯文的《古兰经》»吗？他怎么可能不创造它而使它成为阿拉伯文的呢？”69.4

“You’re an unbeliever!” Present also was a man sent by Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm. When he heard me, he said, “You’re talking to the emissary of the Commander of the Faithful!” “Whoever he is,” I replied, “he’s still an unbeliever.” On the fourth night, he—that is, al-Muʿtaṣim—sent Bughā, called the Elder, to fetch me from Isḥāq’s. On the way out, I was taken to see Isḥāq, who said, “By God, Aḥmad, it’s your life we’re talking about here. He won’t behead you and be done with it: he’s sworn that if you don’t do as he asks he’ll flog you senseless and then throw you where you’ll never see the sun. Now look here: doesn’t God say «We have made it an Arabic Qurʾan?»357 How could He make it without creating it?” 69.4

我以另一节经文作答：«他使他们像被牲畜践踏过的秸秆。»然后我问他，“使他们”是否就是“创造他们”的意思。他答不上来，便一言不发。最后他说：“把他带走！”我们走到一个名叫果园门的地方，他们把我带了出来。然后他们牵来一头坐骑，把我放上去，连同脚镣一起。身边没有人扶着我，我好几次因为脚镣的重量差点摔倒。他们把我带进了穆尔台绥姆的宫殿里，把我关进一间屋子，锁上了门。我想清洁身体以便礼拜，但当时已是半夜，屋里也没有灯。然而我伸出手去，在旁边摸到了一壶水和一个盆。于是我洗了小净，然后礼拜。695

I answered with a different verse: «He made them like stubble cropped by cattle.»358 Then I asked him whether “made them” meant “created them.” He didn’t know how to answer me so he said nothing. Finally he said, “Take him away!” When we got to the place called the Orchard Gate, they took me out.359 Then they brought a riding animal and put me on it, fetters and all. There was no one with me to hold me up, and more than once I nearly fell over with the weight of the fetters. They took me inside—inside al-Muʿtaṣim’s palace, that is—put me in a room, and locked the door. I wanted to clean myself off for prayer, but it was the middle of the night and there was no lamp in the room. But when I stuck out my hand I found a pitcher of water and a basin nearby. So I did my ablutions and prayed. 69.5

第二天早上,我把裤子的抽绳抽了出来,用它把脚镣绑在一起,好把脚镣提起来,裤子因此在一侧垂了下来。

The next morning, I pulled the drawstring out of my trousers and used it to tie the fetters together so I could lift them, leaving my trousers hanging down on one side.

然后，穆尔塔绥姆的使者来了，抓住我的手臂，让我跟他一起走。

Then al-Muʿtaṣim’s messenger came, took me by the arm, and told me to come along.

我站在穆尔台绥姆面前,手里托着脚镣和绳索。他正坐在那里,身边有伊本·艾比·杜厄德和一群他的随从。69。6

So I appeared before al-Muʿtaṣim holding up my fetters with the cord. He was sitting there with Ibn Abī Duʾād and a crowd of his associates. 69.6

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad:] 艾哈迈德·伊本·哈larry… Correction, here is the proper translation: [易卜拉欣·伊本·穆罕默德:] 艾哈迈德·本·韩百勒被带到了哈里发面前。

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was brought before the caliph.

艾哈迈德·本·艾比·杜阿德和阿布·阿卜杜·拉赫曼(沙斐仪的弟子)也在场。艾哈迈德被安排坐在哈里发的面前。他们说了一些话来恐吓他,而且他们刚刚斩杀了两个人。伊本·罕百勒看到阿布·阿卜杜·拉赫曼后问道:"你是否知道沙斐仪关于擦拭鞋子的任何传述?"360 69.7

Aḥmad ibn Abī Duʾād and Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, the disciple of al-Shāfiʿī, were there too. Aḥmad was given a seat in front of the caliph. They had said things to frighten him, and they had just finished beheading two men. Upon seeing Abū ʿAbd al- Raḥmān, Ibn Ḥanbal asked, “Do you know any reports from al-Shāfiʿī on passing hands over one’s shoes?”360 69.7

“快看！”伊本·阿比·杜阿德叫道，“我们把他带到这里是要斩他的头，他却想讨论教法！”[布沙尼吉：]穆尔台绥姆在赖买丹月十八年从拜占庭前线返回巴格达。正是在那时，他审讯了艾哈迈德，并在公开的法庭上命人鞭打他。361 69.8

“Look at that!” exclaimed Ibn Abī Duʾād. “We bring him here to behead him, and he wants to discuss jurisprudence!” [Al-Būshanjī:] Al-Muʿtaṣim returned to Baghdad from the Byzantine front in Ramadan of ’18. It was then that he tried Aḥmad and had him flogged in open court.361 69.8

【艾哈迈德：】当我来到穆尔阿塔西姆面前时，他一直叫我走近些。

[Aḥmad:] When I came before al-Muʿtaṣim, he kept telling me to come closer.

当我走近他时,他让我坐下,我便坐了下来,脚上的镣铐使我步履沉重。

When I got up close to him he told me to sit, and I did, weighed down by the fetters.

过了一段时间,我问道:我可以说话吗?362 69.9

After a time I asked if I might speak.362 69.9

“去吧，”他说。

“Go ahead,” he said.

“先知ﷺ号召我们做什么？”我问道。

“What did the Prophet call on us to do?” I asked.

沉默片刻后,他回答道:“是作证万物非主,唯有真主。”“好吧,我也作证万物非主,唯有真主。”于是我接着说:“你的祖父伊本·阿拔斯传述,当格斯部落的代表团来见先知ﷺ时,他们向他询问信仰。先知ﷺ回答说:‘你们知道什么是信仰吗?’”“‘真主和祂的使者最清楚。’他们说。”

After a moment of silence, he replied: “To testify that there is no god but God.” “Well, I testify that there is no god but God.” Then I went on: “Your grandfather Ibn ʿAbbās reports that when the delegation from the tribe of Qays came to see the Prophet, they asked him about faith. He answered, ‘Do you know what faith is?’ “‘God and His Emissary know best,’ they said.

“‘这意味着作证：除真主外别无应受崇拜者，穆罕默德是祂的使者ﷺ。这意味着守拜、完纳天课，并交出你战利品的五分之一。’”363

“‘It means testifying that there is no god but God, and Muḥammad is His Emissary. It means holding the ritual prayer, paying the alms tax, and giving up onefifth of your spoils.’”363

“如果我的前任没有把你们留给我来处理，”阿尔-穆阿台绥木说，“我也不会这样对你们。”随后，他转向阿卜杜·拉赫曼·伊本·伊斯哈格，说：“我不是让你停止审讯吗？”“感谢真主！”我心里想，“穆斯林的苦难终于结束了！”69.10

“If my predecessor hadn’t left you for me to deal with,” said al-Muʿtaṣim, “I wouldn’t be doing this to you.” Then, turning to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq, he said, “Didn’t I ask you to stop the Inquisition?” “Thank God!” I thought to myself. “The Muslims’ suffering is over!” 69.10

然后他对他们说:"与他辩论吧!与他交谈!"接着又对阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼说:"与他交谈!""你对《古兰经》有什么看法?"阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼问道。

But then he said to them, “Debate with him. Talk to him!” and then again to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: “Talk to him!” “What do you say about the Qurʾan?” asked ʿAbd al-Raḥmān.

“你对真主的知识有什么看法？”我问道。他沉默了。 Note: I've rendered "God" as 真主 (the standard Chinese Muslim term for God), following the instruction to use the Chinese word for God rather than "Allah".

“What do you say about God’s knowledge?” I asked. He fell silent.

“但是真主不是说过：«真主是万物的创造者》吗？”

One of the others broke in. “But didn’t God say, «God is the creator of all things»?

“那么《古兰经》不也是一件事物吗？”我说：“真主还提到过一阵风，它会‘奉其主的命令摧毁一切’，但它只摧毁了真主所意欲摧毁的东西。”366

364 And isn’t the Qurʾan a thing?” “God also mentioned a wind,” I said, “that would «destroy everything at the behest of its Lord,»365 but it destroyed only what He wanted it to.”366

然后又有一人开口说："真主说：‘每当他们的主降下新的教诫给他们时……’367 既是新的，怎么可能不是被造的？"我回答说："真主也说：‘Ṣād。以含有教诫的《古兰经》起誓。’368 这里的教诫就是《古兰经》。另一节经文中没有‘the’（定冠词）。"他们中有人引用伊姆兰·本·侯赛因的圣训，说真主创造了教诫。我说："这是错误的。我有不止一个出处证明，他说：‘真主书写了教诫。’"接着他们又引用伊本·麦斯欧德的圣训来与我辩论："真主所创造的任何事物——包括乐园、火狱、诸天和大地——都没有比宝座节更伟大的。"我说："‘被创造’一词适用于乐园、火狱、诸天和大地，却不适用于《古兰经》。"他们中有人引用赫拔ब的圣训："你们这些人啊！无论你们如何努力接近真主，你们都找不到比他的话语更能让你们借以亲近他的了。"369

Then another one spoke up: “God says, «Whenever any new admonition comes to them from their Lord.»367 How can something be new without having been created?” I replied: “God also said, «Ṣād. By the Qurʾan, containing the admonition.»368 This admonition is the Qurʾan. In the other verse there’s no ‘the.’” One of them cited the Hadith of ʿImrān ibn Ḥuṣayn that God created the remembrance. “That’s wrong,” I said. “I have it on more than one source that he said, ‘God wrote the remembrance.’” Next they tried arguing with me using the Hadith of Ibn Masʿūd: “God has created nothing—not the Garden or the Fire or the heavens or the earth—greater than the Throne Verse.” I said: “The word ‘created’ applies to the Garden, the Fire, the heavens, and the earth, but not to the Qurʾan.” One of them cited the Hadith of Khabbāb: “You there! Try as you may to come nearer to God, you will find nothing dearer to Him by which to approach Him than His word.”369

“是的，”我说，“它确实是这么写的。”伊本·阿比·杜阿德瞪着我。

“Yes,” I said, “that’s what it says.” Ibn Abī Duʾād glared at me.

就这样,一个人说一番话,我便驳斥他。接着另一个人开口,我也驳斥他。每当他的某个手下理屈词穷时,伊本·阿比·杜阿德便插话道:“信士的长官!以真主发誓,此人是迷误者,是误导者,是异端的创新者!”69。11

And so it went. One of them would say something, and I would rebut him. Then another would speak and I would rebut him too. Whenever one of his men was stymied, Ibn Abī Duʾād would interrupt: “Commander of the Faithful! By God, he’s misguided, and misleading, and a heretical innovator!” 69.11

但穆尔塔辛仍然说：“跟他辩论！和他争辩！”于是他们中又有一人开口，我便加以反驳。接着另一人发言，我也加以反驳。当他们都无话可说时，他——即穆尔塔辛——说：“来吧，艾哈迈德！说话啊！”我回答道：“信士的长官，请给我一个我能够认同的依据——来自真主的经典，或者来自祂的使者的逊奈。”听到这话，伊本·阿比·杜阿德喊道：“什么！你只重复古兰经或者真主使者的逊奈里的内容？”我说：“你有你的解释，那是你的事，但这不足以把人关押起来，或者给人戴上枷锁。”[布沙尼：]我的一位同伴讲述道：伊本·阿比·杜阿德曾直面艾哈迈德，试图与他辩论，但艾哈迈德对他置之不理。最后穆尔塔辛问艾哈迈德，为何不回应伊本·阿比·杜阿德。69.12

But al-Muʿtaṣim kept saying, “Talk to him! Debate him!” So again one of them would say something, and I would rebut him. Then another would speak and I would rebut him too. When none of them had anything left to say, he—meaning al-Muʿtaṣim—said, “Come on, Aḥmad! Speak up!” “Commander of the Faithful,” I replied, “give me something I can agree to— something from the Book of God or the sunnah of His Emissary.” At that, Ibn Abī Duʾād exclaimed, “What! You only repeat what’s in the Qurʾan or the sunnah of His Emissary?” “You have an interpretation,” I said, “and that’s your affair, but it’s nothing to lock people up for, or put them in chains.” [Al-Būshanjī:] One of my associates reported that Ibn Abī Duʾād confronted Aḥmad and tried to engage him in debate but Aḥmad ignored him. Eventually al- Muʿtaṣim asked Aḥmad why he wouldn’t address Ibn Abī Duʾād. 69.12

“我只与有学识的人交谈，”艾哈迈德说。

“I speak only with men of learning,” said Aḥmad.

[艾哈迈德：] “信士们的长官，”伊本·艾卜·杜阿德说，“若见他向您投降，对我而言，其价值胜过十万第纳尔，再加十万第纳尔，”370 如此接连不断地说出一个又一个数字。69。13

[Aḥmad:] “Commander of the Faithful,” said Ibn Abī Duʾād, “seeing him capitulate to you would mean more to me than a hundred thousand dinars, and another hundred thousand dinars,”370 and so on, throwing out one number after another. 69.13

"如果他能说出我想听的话，"穆阿台绥姆说，"我发誓我会亲手为他解开镣铐。然后我会带领我的军队去找他，并跟在他身后行进。"接着他说："艾哈迈德，我希望你好，就像你是我的儿子哈伦一样。来吧，你现在能跟我说什么？"371

“If he tells me what I want to hear,” said al-Muʿtaṣim, “I swear I’ll unchain him with my own hands. Then I’ll lead my troops to him and march along behind him.” Then he said, “Aḥmad, I want what’s best for you, the same as if you were my son Hārūn. Come on, now: What can you tell me?”371

"给我一些出自真主之书的经文，"我说，"或者出自祂的使者的圣行。"随着议事拖延下去，穆阿台绥姆渐渐厌烦不安。"你们走吧！"他对学者们说。随后他命令阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·伊本·伊斯哈格和我留下，以便与我交谈。69.14

“Give me something from the Book of God,” I said, “or the sunnah of His Emissary.” As the session dragged on, al-Muʿtaṣim grew bored and restless. “Go!” he said to the scholars. Then he ordered ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq and me to stay behind so he could talk to me. 69.14

“来吧！”他说，“你为什么不放弃呢？”接着他又说：“我不认识你。你以前从没来过这里吗？”“我认识他，信士的长官，”ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq说，“三十年来，他一直在说穆斯林应当服从你，并应当跟随你参加圣战，与你一同朝觐。”“以真主起誓，”al-Muʿtaṣim说，“他是一位有学问的人，一位有见识的人！我倒很愿意身边有这样的人，去与其他宗教的人辩论。”然后，他转向我说：“你认识Ṣāliḥ al-Rashīdī吗？”“我听说过他，”我说。

“Come on!” he said. “Why don’t you give up?” Then he said, “I don’t recognize you. Have you never come here before?” “I know him, Commander of the Faithful,” said ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq. “For thirty years, he’s been saying that Muslims owe obedience to you and should follow you in the holy war and join you on the pilgrimage.” “By God,” said al-Muʿtaṣim, “he’s a man of learning—a man of understanding! I wouldn’t mind having someone like him with me to argue against people from other religions.” Then, turning to me, “Did you know Ṣāliḥ al-Rashīdī?” “I’ve heard of him,” I said.

“他是我的老师，当时就坐在那儿，”他说着，指向房间的一个角落，“我问他关于《古兰经》的问题，他却反驳我，所以我让人把他踩在脚下，拖了出去。因此，艾哈迈德啊：你找一样东西——任何一样——你可以同意的，我便亲手为你解开锁链。”我说：“请给我真主之书中的一段经文，或者祂的使者的圣行。”会议拖了很久。最后，穆尔塔西姆起身回到里面去，而我被送回了他们一直关押我的地方。69.15

“He was my tutor, and he was sitting right there,” he said, pointing to a corner of the room. “I asked him about the Qurʾan and he contradicted me, so I had him trampled and dragged out. So Aḥmad: find something—anything—you can agree to, and I’ll unchain you with my own hands.” “Give me something from the Book of God,” I said, “or the sunnah of His Emissary.” The session dragged on. Finally al-Muʿtaṣim rose and went back inside, and I was sent back to the place where they had been keeping me. 69.15

日没礼拜之后,伊本·艾比·杜阿德的两位同伴被派来,在那里过夜,并继续与我辩论。他们一直待到该开斋的时候。饭菜端上来后,他们劝我吃,我却不肯。之后,夜里某个时候,穆尔台希姆派人请来了伊本·艾比·杜阿德。

After sunset prayers, two of Ibn Abī Duʾād’s associates were sent in to spend the night there and continue debating with me. They stayed until it was time to break the fast.372 When the meal arrived they pressed me to eat but I wouldn’t. Then, at some point during the night, al-Muʿtaṣim sent over Ibn Abī Duʾād.

“先知的同伴”之类的称谓不在此句中，故按原文直译： “信士的长官想知道你有什么要说的。”我给了他我惯常的回答。

“The Commander of the Faithful wants to know if you have anything to say.” I gave him my usual answer.

“你知道吗，”他说，“你的名字原本在那七人之中——还有雅哈亚·本·玛因等人——但我把它划掉了。”373

“You know,” he said, “your name was one of the seven—Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn and the rest—but I rubbed it out.”373

这七人是：叶海亚·本·马因、艾布·海赛迈、艾哈迈德·达瓦拉基、盖瓦利里、萨都维赫，以及——据某些记载——哈拉夫·马赫祖米。374

The seven were Yāḥyā ibn Maʿīn, Abū Khaythamah, Aḥmad al-Dawraqī, al- Qawārīrī, Saʿduwayh, and—in some accounts—Khalaf al-Makhzūmī.374

伊本·阿比·杜阿德继续说道："看到他们把你抓起来，我很难过。"接着他又说："信士的长官发誓要狠狠地打你一顿，然后把你扔到一个永远见不到太阳的地方。但他也说，如果你屈服，他会亲自来给你解开锁链。"说完，他便离开了。

Ibn Abī Duʾād continued: “I was sorry to see them arrest you.” Then he said, “The Commander of the Faithful has sworn to give you a good long beating and then throw you somewhere where you’ll never see the sun. But he also says that if you capitulate he’ll come and unchain you himself.” Then he left.

次日早晨——我在那里的第二天——穆尔泰绥姆的使者来了，挽着我的手臂，把我带到他面前。穆尔泰绥姆再次下令让人与我辩论。他说："去和他谈！" 69.16

The next morning—on my second day there—al-Muʿtaṣim’s envoy came, took me by the arm, and brought me before him. Again al-Muʿtaṣim ordered them to debate me. “Talk to him!” he said. 69.16

于是辩论又开始了。他们中的一个人从这边发言,我就回应他;另一个人从那边发言,我也回应他。每当他们提到不在真主之书、真主使者的逊奈之中,或早期穆斯林的记载之中的内容时,我就说:“我不明白你们在说什么。”“信士的长官啊,”他们抗议道,“他若有论据来反驳我们,便坚持己见;而每当我们提出观点时,他却说不懂我们在说什么。”“继续与他辩论!”穆尔泰辛说道。

So the debate began again. One of them would speak from over here and I would answer him, and another from over there and I’d answer him too. Whenever they mentioned anything not in the Book of God or the sunnah of His Emissary, or in a report about the early Muslims, I would say, “I don’t know what you mean.” “Commander of the Faithful,” they would protest, “when he has an argument against us he stands his ground, but whenever we make a point he says he doesn’t know what we’re talking about.” “Keep debating him!” said al-Muʿtaṣim.

“你们所做的，”其中一人说，“不过是引用圣训，然后宣称自己懂得其含义。”69.17

“All I see you doing,” said one of them, “is citing Hadith and claiming to know what it means.” 69.17

“你怎么看，”我问他，“关于这节经文：{真主为你们的子女作此命令：男子得与两个女子相等的份额}？”375

“What do you say,” I asked him, “about the verse «Concerning your children, God enjoins you that a male shall receive a share equivalent to that of two females»?”375

“这只适用于信士，”他说。

“It applies only to believers,” he said.

我问他：“那杀人犯、奴隶或犹太人呢？”他沉默了。我采用这一策略只有一个原因：他们一直以《古兰经》的字面文本为依据展开争论，同时指责我无端引用圣训。376

I asked him: “What about murderers, slaves, or Jews?” He fell silent. I had resorted to that tactic for one reason: they had been arguing on the basis of the plain text of the Qurʾan while accusing me of citing Hadith for no good reason.376

他们一直辩论到将近中午。当al-Muʿtaṣim厌倦了，他便让所有人离开，只留下ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq，他仍继续与我争论。

They kept at it until nearly noon. When al-Muʿtaṣim had had enough, he sent everyone away except for ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq, who continued to argue with me.

最后，al-Muʿtaṣim 站起身，走回屋内，而我则被送回到他们此前关押我的地方。

Finally al-Muʿtaṣim rose and went back inside, and I was sent back to the place where they had been holding me.

[ʿAbd Allāh:] 法特ḥ·伊本·沙赫拉夫亲笔写信给我，说他听伊本·胡泰特（一位来自呼罗珊的学者，其全名他也写了出来）讲述：在艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒受鞭刑之前，他与其他一些受宗教裁判之害的人曾被关押在某处的一所房子里。69.18

[ʿAbd Allāh:] Al-Fatḥ ibn Shakhraf wrote to me in his own hand saying that he heard from Ibn Ḥuṭayṭ—a man of learning from Khurasan, whose name he gave in full —that before Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was flogged, he and some of his fellow victims of the Inquisition were kept in confinement in a house somewhere. 69.18

“夜幕降临了，”艾哈迈德说，“其他人都去睡了，但我无法停止思考自己会遭遇什么。这时我看见一个高个子男人小心地绕过熟睡的人，朝我走来。

“Night fell,” said Aḥmad, “and the others went to sleep, but I couldn’t stop thinking about what would happen to me. Then I saw a tall man picking his way around the sleepers toward me.

“‘你是艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒吗？’他问道。”

“‘Are you Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal?’ he asked.

“我没有说话，他又问了一次。我仍不回答，他第三次问道：”

“I said nothing and he asked again. When I didn’t answer, he asked a third time:

“你是艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒吗？”“是的。”“只管忍耐，”他说，“乐园就是你的了。”“后来，当我感到鞭子的灼痛时，我想起了他对我说的话。”[艾哈迈德：]我记得第三天夜里我心想，第二天一定会发生什么事。我请求分配给我的一个人给我找一根绳子。他找到了，我就用它把镣铐提起来。然后我把裤子的系带重新系好，把裤子提在腰上，以免万一发生什么事时身体暴露。69.19

‘Are you Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal?’ “‘Yes.’ “‘Only endure,’ he said, ‘and the Garden is yours.’ “Later, when I felt the burning of the whips, I remembered what he’d told me.” [Aḥmad:] I remember thinking to myself on the third night that something was bound to happen the next day. I asked one of the men who were assigned to me to find me a cord. He found one and I used it to pull up my chains. Then I put the drawstring back on my trousers to hold them up so I wouldn’t be exposed if something happened to me. 69.19

第三天早晨,377 穆尔泰辛再次派人召见我。我走进大厅,发现里面挤满了人。我慢慢走上前去,看到有人持剑,有人持鞭,等等——比前两天多得多。我走到他面前时,他让我坐下。"与他辩论,"他对其他人说,"跟他谈!"69.20

On the morning of the third day,377 al-Muʿtaṣim sent for me again. I entered the hall to find it packed with people. As I came slowly forward, I saw people with swords, people with whips, and so on—many more than on the first two days. When I reached him, he told me to sit down. “Debate him,” he told the others. “Talk to him!” 69.20

他们开始与我争辩。其中一人说话，我便回应他；接着另一人说话，我也回应他。不久，我开始占了上风。378 站在al-Muʿtaṣim附近的一名男子开始指向我。讨论持续了一段时间后，al-Muʿtaṣim让人把我带到一旁，以便他能单独与他们商议。

They began to argue with me. One would talk and I would answer him, and then another would talk and I’d answer him too. Soon I was winning.378 One of the men standing near al-Muʿtaṣim began pointing at me. After the session had gone on for a while, al-Muʿtaṣim had me led away to one side so he could confer with them alone.

然后他把他们送到一边，并叫人把我带了过来。

Then he sent them to the side and had me brought over.

“来吧，艾哈迈德！”他说，“你说出我想听的话，我就亲手给你解开锁链。”我照例给了他同样的回答，他咒骂了我，然后说：“把他拖走，剥光他！”我被拖走，并被剥光了衣服。379

“Come on, Aḥmad!” he said. “Tell me what I want to hear, and I’ll unchain you with my own hands.” When I gave him my usual answer, he cursed me, then said, “Drag him away and strip him!” I was dragged away and stripped.379

我此前曾得到一些先知的头发。伊斯哈格·本·易卜拉欣注意到我衬衫的袖子里打了一个结，便派人过来询问那是什么。我告诉他那是先知的一些头发。当他们开始撕扯我的衬衫时，穆尔泰辛命他们住手，他们便把衬衫从我身上脱下，没有撕破。我想他之所以有所顾忌，是因为衬衫里那撮打结的头发。69.21

Some time before, I had acquired some of the Prophet’s hair. Noticing that I had something knotted up in the sleeve of my shirt, Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm sent someone over to ask what it was. I told him it was some of the Prophet’s hair. When they started tearing my shirt off, al-Muʿtaṣim told them to stop and they pulled it off me without ripping it. I think he held back because of the hair that was knotted up inside. 69.21

坐在椅子上的al-Muʿtaṣim下令把木桩和鞭子拿来。他们搬出木桩，让我伸直双臂。我身后有人说："抓住象牙，往下拉。"但我没听懂，结果把两只手腕都扭伤了。380 69.22

Sitting down on a chair, al-Muʿtaṣim called for the posts and the whips. They brought out the posts and made me stretch out my arms. From behind me someone said, “Hold on to the tusks and pull,” but I didn’t understand, so I ended up spraining both my wrists.380 69.22

[Al-Būshanjī:] 据说，艾哈迈德被罢免职务后，穆尔泰绥木见他毫不畏惧，十分欣赏他的勇气，甚至打算对他从宽处理。然而艾哈迈德·伊本·阿比·杜阿德挑唆他说："如果您放了他，人们会说您已经放弃了玛蒙的教义，不再推行它。"正是这番话促使穆尔泰绥木下定决心，对他施以鞭刑。69.23

[Al-Būshanjī:] They say that when Aḥmad was suspended from the posts, al- Muʿtaṣim, seeing him undaunted, so admired his bravery that he was prepared to be lenient with him; but then Aḥmad ibn Abī Duʾād provoked him, saying, “If you let him go, people will say that you’ve renounced al-Maʾmūn’s creed and are refusing to enforce it.” It was this that pushed al-Muʿtaṣim to go ahead and flog him. 69.23

【艾哈迈德：】当人们拿来鞭子时，穆尔塔绥姆看了看，说：“换一些不同的来。”于是照办了。381 随后他对执法官说：382

[Aḥmad:] When they brought the whips, al-Muʿtaṣim looked at them and said, “Bring different ones,” which was done.381 Then he said to the lictors,382

“继续！”69.24

“Proceed!” 69.24

他们一个接一个地朝我走来，每人抽两鞭，al-Muʿtaṣim 在一旁大喊：“再用力点，该死的！”每一个人退开后，又有另一个人上前，再抽我两鞭，他一直在大喊：“你们都再用力点，该死的！”383

One at a time, they came at me, and struck two lashes apiece, with al-Muʿtaṣim calling out, “Harder, damn you!” As each one stepped aside another would come up and hit me twice more, with him shouting all the while, “Harder, damn you all!”383

在我挨了十九鞭之后，他——即阿尔-穆阿塔希姆——从座位上站起来，走到我面前。69.25

After I had been struck nineteen lashes, he—meaning al-Muʿtaṣim—rose from his seat and walked up to me. 69.25

“艾哈迈德，”他说，“你为何要毁了自己？我指着真主发誓，我是为你好。”随后，乌贾伊夫开始用剑柄戳我。“你以为你能敌得过这一大群人吗？”有人喊道：“丢人！哈里发正站在那里等你。”另一人叫道：“信士们的长官！让他死吧，他的血由我来担。”接着又有更多人附和：“信士们的长官，您一直在斋戒，如今却站在烈日下！”384

“Aḥmad,” he said, “why are you killing yourself? I swear to God, I want what’s best for you.” Then ʿUjayf began jabbing at me with the hilt of his sword. “Do you think you can win against this whole lot?” “For shame!” someone called out. “The caliph is standing there waiting for you.” “Commander of the Faithful!” cried another. “Kill him, and let his blood be on my hands!” Then more of them chimed in. “Commander of the Faithful, you’ve been fasting, and now you’re standing in the sun!”384

“来吧，艾哈迈德，”他说，“说点什么吧！”“给我一些我能够相信的东西，”我说，“出自真主的经典，或者出自祂使者的逊奈。”他回到自己的椅子上坐了下来。

“Come on, Aḥmad,” he said. “Say something!” “Give me something I can believe,” I said, “from the Book of God or the sunnah of His Emissary.” He went back to his chair and sat down.

“继续，”他对执法官说，“让他尝尝滋味，该死的！”不久他第二次站起身来，说：“来吧，艾哈迈德！告诉我我想听的话。”69.26

“Proceed,” he said to the lictor. “Let him feel it, damn you!” Soon he rose a second time, saying, “Come on, Aḥmad! Tell me what I want to hear.” 69.26

其他人也加入进来,说:“艾哈迈德,你真丢人:你的伊玛目正站在这里等你。”“你的同伴中哪一位,”阿卜杜·拉赫曼问道,“在做你现在做的事?”“你尽你所能告诉我,”穆阿台绥姆对我说,“我会亲手为你解开锁链。”“给我一些我能够相信的依据,”我说,“来自安拉之经典,或来自祂的使者的圣行。”他又走回椅子,坐了下来。“继续,”他对执法官说。

The others joined in, saying, “Shame on you, Aḥmad: your imam is standing here waiting for you.” “Which of your associates,” asked ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, “is doing what you’re doing?” “Tell me whatever you can manage,” al-Muʿtaṣim said to me, “and I’ll unchain you with my own hands.” “Give me something I can believe,” I said, “from the Book of God or the sunnah of His Emissary.” Again he went back to his chair and sat down. “Proceed,” he said to the lictors.

又有人一个接一个上前，每人朝我抽两鞭，al-Muʿtaṣim 在一旁大喊："再狠一点，该死的！"每个人退开后，又有另一人上来再抽我两鞭，而他一直喊着："再狠一点，你们这些该死的！"就在这时，我昏了过去。385

Again they came up one by one and struck me two lashes apiece, with al-Muʿtaṣim calling out, “Harder, damn you!” As each stepped aside another would come up and hit me twice more, with him shouting all the while, “Harder, damn you all!” That’s when I passed out.385

过了一段时间，我恢复了神智，发现我身上的锁链已被解开。

Some time later I came to my senses to find that my chains had been removed.

“我们把你脸朝下摔倒，”当时在场的一个人说，“然后把你翻过来，在地上践踏你。”我对此毫无印象。

“We threw you face down,” said one of the men who had been there. “Then we rolled you over on the ground and trampled you.” I had no memory of that.

他们给我端来一些大麦水，让我喝下去然后呕吐出来。

They brought me some barley water and told me to drink it and vomit.

“我不能破斋。”我对他们说。

“I can’t break the fast,” I told them.

他们把我带回伊斯哈格·本·易卜拉欣的住处,我在那里参加了晌礼。386 伊本·萨迈阿上前领拜。礼毕,他问我:“你身上的衣服里都在流血,怎么还能拜?”6927

They took me back to Isḥāq ibn Ibrahīm’s place, where I attended the noon prayer.386 Ibn Samāʿah stepped forward to lead the prayer. When he finished he asked me, “How could you pray when you’re bleeding inside your clothes?” 69.27

“欧麦尔在伤口流血的情况下仍然礼拜。”我回答道。

“ʿUmar prayed with blood spurting from his wounds,” I answered.

Ṣāliḥ 说：69。28

Ṣāliḥ said: 69.28

我的父亲被释放回家了。从他第一次被逮捕，到他被鞭打后获释，前后共经历了二十八个月。

My father was released and went home. From the time he was first arrested to the time he was flogged and let go was twenty-eight months.

我父亲在狱中时，与他同在的两人之一，听到并看到了一切。后来他来看我，说："表弟啊，愿真主怜悯阿布·阿卜杜拉！我从未见过像他那样的人。每当他们送来食物，我都提醒他正在斋戒，并告诉他可以保全自己。" 387 我还记得他很口渴，向看守要些喝的。那人给了他一杯加了冰的水。他接过来，凝视了一会儿，却没有喝，又把杯子还了回去。我很惊讶，在那样可怕的地方，他竟能不吃不喝。" 萨利赫说：69。29

One of the two men who were with my father—in jail, that is—heard and saw everything. Later he came to see me and said, “Cousin, may God have mercy on Abū ʿAbd Allāh! I never saw anyone like him. When they sent food in, I would remind him that he was fasting, and tell him he was allowed to save himself.387 I also remember that he was thirsty. He asked the attendant for something to drink. The man gave him a cup of water with ice in it. He took it and looked at it for a moment, but then he gave it back without drinking it. I was amazed that he could go without food or water even in that terrifying place.” Ṣālīḥ said: 69.29

当时，我想尽一切办法偷偷给他带些食物，或一两块饼，但我的任何恳求都毫无用处。

At the time, I was doing everything I could to smuggle some food or a loaf or two of flatbread in to him, but none of my pleading did any good.

“一个在场的人告诉我，他整整三天都一直注视着他，在所有的争论和辩论中，他没有一次读错哪怕一个词。‘我从没想过有人能像他那样坚韧。’” [Al-Būshanjī:] 穆尔台辛于伊历218年的斋月从拜占庭前线返回巴格达。正是在那时，他审问了艾哈迈德，并当着他的面下令鞭打他。69。30

A man who was there told me that he kept his eye on him for the entire three days, and not once during all the argument and debate did he mispronounce a single word. “I didn’t think it was possible for anyone to be as tough as he was.” [Al-Būshanjī:] Al-Muʿtaṣim returned to Baghdad from the Byzantine front in Ramadan of ’18. It was then that he tried Aḥmad and had him flogged before him. 69.30

一位我信任的同伴向我转述了易卜拉欣·伊本·穆斯阿卜所说的话。当时他代替伊斯哈格·伊本·易卜拉欣担任穆尔塔绥姆哈里发的警察总长。他说："我从未见过有人被带到国王和王子面前时，还像艾哈迈德那天那样毫无惧色。在他眼里，我们就像一群苍蝇。"[祖赫里：]我从自己的笔记中读出了阿布·穆罕默德·马鲁达在艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒受审时所说的话，当时艾哈迈德被吊在两根柱子之间。388 69.31

A trustworthy associate of mine reported to me what he was told by Ibrāhīm ibn Muṣʿab, who at that time was standing in for Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm as al-Muʿtaṣim’s chief of police: “I’ve never seen anyone brought face to face with kings and princes show as little fear as Aḥmad did that day. To him we were nothing but a cloud of flies.” [Al-Zuhrī:] I read from my own notes what al-Marrūdhī said at the trial of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, as Aḥmad was hanging between the posts.388 69.31

“师父，”al-Marrūdhī说，“真主说：{你们不要自杀}。”389

“Master,” said al-Marrūdhī, “God says, «Do not kill yourselves.»”389

"Marrūdhī," said Aḥmad, "go and look outside and tell me what you see." 愛哈迈德说："马鲁迪，你出去看看，告诉我你看到了什么。" Al-Marrūdhī reported: "I went out and there, in the courtyard of the caliph's palace, was a vast crowd of people—God only knows how many—with their sheets of paper, their pens, and their pots of ink. I asked them what they were doing, and they said, 'We're waiting to hear what Aḥmad says so we can write it down.'" 马鲁迪汇报说："我出去一看，哈里发宫殿的庭院里聚集了大批的人，真主才知道有多少——他们手里拿着纸张、笔和墨水瓶。我问他们在做什么，他们说：'我们在等着听艾哈迈德说什么，好把它记下来。'" He told them to stay where they were, then went back inside, where Aḥmad was still hanging between the posts. He told him that he had seen a crowd of people holding pen and paper and waiting to write down whatever he would say. 他让他们留在原地，然后回到屋里，艾哈迈德仍被绑在两根柱子之间。他告诉艾哈迈德，他看到一群人手持笔和纸，等着记下他要说的任何话。

“Marrūdhī,” said Aḥmad, “go and look outside and tell me what you see.” Al-Marrūdhī reported: “I went out and there, in the courtyard of the caliph’s palace, was a vast crowd of people—God only knows how many—with their sheets of paper, their pens, and their pots of ink. I asked them what they were doing, and they said, ‘We’re waiting to hear what Aḥmad says so we can write it down.’” He told them to stay where they were, then went back inside, where Aḥmad was still hanging between the posts. He told him that he had seen a crowd of people holding pen and paper and waiting to write down whatever he would say.

“我能去误导所有这些人吗？”艾哈迈德问道，“我宁可自杀。”390

“Can I mislead all those people?” asked Aḥmad. “I’d rather kill myself.”390

[作者:] 这里说的是一个人，像毕拉勒一样，愿意为了他的主献出生命。391 同样，据传赛义德·本·穆萨耶布视自己的生命如同一只苍蝇的生命般微不足道。这样对自我的漠不关心，只有在一个人瞥见了今世之后的生命、并将目光投向未来而非现世时才可能实现。艾哈迈德所承受的巨大苦难正是他坚定信仰的明证，因为先知穆罕默德ﷺ曾说："人所受的苦难与其信仰成正比。"赞美那帮助艾哈迈德、赐予他洞察之明、坚定他的意志并助他一臂之力的真主。69.32

[The author:] Here then is a man who, like Bilāl, was willing to give up his life for the sake of his God.391 Of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyab, similarly, it is reported that his life meant as little to him as the life of a fly. Such indifference to self is possible only when one has glimpsed the life that lies beyond this one and trained one’s gaze on the future rather than the present. Aḥmad’s great suffering is evidence of his strong faith, for, as the Prophet is known to have said, “A man suffers in proportion to his faith.” Praise the One who helped Aḥmad, granted him the gift of perception, strengthened his resolve, and came to his aid. 69.32

[伊本·阿斯巴格：]我当时在巴格达，听到一阵喧哗。我问发生了什么事，人们告诉我，艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒正在受审。于是我回家，凑了一笔不小的钱，贿赂进了审讯现场。宫殿里，我看到士兵们拔出了剑，长矛已经架好，盾牌已经竖起，鞭子也都备在手边。有人给我换上了一件黑色长袍、一条腰带和一把剑，并给我安排了一个足够近、能听清所说内容的座位。69.33

[Ibn al-Aṣbagh:] I was in Baghdad and heard a clamor. I asked what it was about and people told me that Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was being tried. So I went home, collected a substantial sum of money, and bribed my way into the session. Inside the palace, I saw soldiers with their swords drawn, their spears fixed, their shields planted, and their whips at the ready. I was fitted out with a black cloak, a sash, and a sword, and given a seat close enough that I could hear what was being said. 69.33

哈里发出现并在一把椅子上坐下。随后，伊本·罕百勒被带了进来。

The caliph appeared and seated himself in a chair. Then Ibn Ḥanbal was brought in.

“我以我的先祖先知发誓，”哈里发说，“如果你不照我说的去说，我就要鞭打你！”他转向行刑官，说：“把他带走！”第一鞭落下，艾哈迈德说：“奉神之名！”第二鞭落下，他说：“除神之外，没有任何力量与能力！”第三鞭落下，他说：“《古兰经》是神的言语，是非受造的！”第四鞭落下，他说：“《古兰经》中说：‘你说：我们只会遭遇神为我们注定的事。’”392

“I swear by my ancestor the Prophet,” said the caliph, “that if you don’t say as I say, I’ll have you flogged!” Turning to the lictor, he said, “Take him away!” At the first blow, Aḥmad said, “In the name of God!” At the second, he said, “There is no might or power except by God!” At the third, he said, “The Qurʾan is the speech of God, and uncreated!” At the fourth he said, “«Say: we will suffer only what God has decreed for us!»”392

行刑官已经抽了他二十九鞭，这时艾哈迈德的裤带突然断了——那只是一条衬里布条做的。他的裤子一直滑到了胯部。

The lictor had struck him twenty-nine lashes when Aḥmad’s trouser cord—which was made of nothing more than a strip of garment lining—broke. His trousers slipped down as far as his groin.

“他会赤身裸体的，”我心想。可他抬头望向天空，嘴唇动了动。霎时间，裤子不再往下滑，稳稳地停在了原处。

“He’ll be left with nothing on,” I thought to myself. But then he looked up to the heavens and moved his lips. Instantly the trousers stopped slipping and remained in place.

七天后，我去看望他。“艾哈迈德，”我问道，“他们鞭打你的那天我在场，你的裤子也掉了下来。我看见你抬起头，动了动嘴唇。你在说什么？”他说：“我说：‘主啊，我以你的名义祈求你，你的名充满了宝座！如果你知道我是正直的，就不要让我的私处暴露。’”[艾哈迈德·本·法拉杰：] 艾哈迈德受鞭刑时我在场。阿布·丹恩走上前来，抽了他十多鞭。鲜血开始从他的肩上涌出。他穿着一条裤子，系带断了。我注意到，裤子开始往下掉的时候，他说了一些听不清的话，裤子又提了上去。69。34

Seven days later, I went to see him. “Aḥmad,” I asked, “I was there the day they beat you and your trousers came apart. I saw you look up and move your lips. What were you saying?” He said, “I said, ‘God, I call You by Your name, which has filled the Throne! If You know me to be in the right, do not expose my nakedness.’” [Aḥmad ibn al-Faraj:] I was there when Aḥmad was whipped. Abū l-Dann came up and struck him more than ten lashes. Blood started pouring from his shoulders. He was wearing a pair of trousers, and the cord broke. I noticed that as the trousers began to come down, he said something inaudible and they went back up. 69.34

“我后来问他这件事，他把自己说过的话告诉了我：‘我的主、我的神，你让我站在这里，现在你却要把我的私处暴露在世人面前吗？’就在那时，我的裤子又自己提了上来。”393

Later I asked him about it, and he told me what he had said: “‘My God and Lord, You’ve put me here, and now You’re going to expose my nakedness to the world?’ That’s when my trousers came back up.”393

[Al-Qurashī:] 当人们把艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒带上前去受鞭刑时，他们剥去了他除裤子以外的所有衣物。他受鞭打时，裤子松脱了。他的嘴唇在动，然后我看见两只手从他身下伸出，在他被鞭打的时候把裤子重新拉好。鞭刑结束后，我们问他裤子松脱时他说了什么。他告诉我们："我说：'我呼求唯有你知道你的宝座所在的那一位。如果我是对的，就不要暴露我的私处。'我就是这样说的。" 69.35

[Al-Qurashī:] When they brought Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal forward to be flogged, they stripped him of everything but his trousers. As he was being flogged, the trousers came loose. His lips moved, and then I saw two hands appear from under him as he was being whipped and pull the trousers back up. When the flogging was over, we asked him what he had said when the trousers came loose. He told us, “I said, ‘I call on You who alone knows where Your Throne is. If I’m in the right, do not expose my nakedness.’ That’s what I said.” 69.35

[Al-Rāzī:] 易思哈格·本·易卜拉欣常说："以真主发誓，艾哈迈德受鞭刑那天我就在场，他的裤子掉了下来，又提了上去，掉了之后又自己系紧了。他身边的人都忙于别的事，没有注意到。但我从未见过穆尔塔西姆那天那样可怕的日子。如果他没有停止鞭打，他就不可能活着离开。"394 69.36

[Al-Rāzī:] Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm used to say, “By God, I was there the day Aḥmad was flogged and his trousers came down and went up again, and reknotted themselves after coming loose. The people there with him were too preoccupied to notice. But I never saw a more terrible day for al-Muʿtaṣim. If he hadn’t stopped the flogging, he would never have made it out alive.”394 69.36

[Al-Anṣārī:] 我听见一名执鞭的差役说：“艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒竟然像强盗一样硬气。若一头骆驼跪下，我像打他那样狠狠地打它，我早就把它的肚子打破了。”69.37

[Al-Anṣārī:] I heard one of the lictors say, “Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal turned out to be as tough as a bandit.395 If a camel knelt down and I hit it as hard as I hit him, I would have split open its belly.” 69.37

[Shābāṣ:] 我抽了艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒八十鞭。如果我这样抽打一头大象，它也会被我打倒。396 69。38

[Shābāṣ:] I struck Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal eighty lashes. If I’d hit an elephant that hard I would’ve knocked it down.396 69.38

[Al-Rāshidī:] 我的一位同伴转述道：“当鞭子开始抽打在阿布·阿卜杜拉身上时，他说：‘天地的主啊，我向您求助！’”69。39

[Al-Rāshidī:] One of my associates reported: “When the whips began to tear into Abū ʿAbd Allāh, he said, ‘To You, Sovereign of the heavens and the earth, I cry for help!’” 69.39

[ʿAbd Allāh:] 我常听父亲说："愿真主怜悯阿布·al-海赛姆！愿真主饶恕阿布·al-海赛姆！愿真主宽恕阿布·al-海赛姆！" 69.40

[ʿAbd Allāh:] I often heard my father say, “God have mercy on Abū l-Haytham! God pardon Abū l-Haytham! God forgive Abū l-Haytham!” 69.40

“爸爸，”我终于忍不住问道，“Abū l-Haytham 是谁？”“你不知道吗？”“不知道。”“是 Abū l-Haytham al-Ḥaddād。那天他们把我抓去，伸开我的双臂准备鞭打，我感觉有人从身后拉扯我的衣服。”

“Dad,” I finally asked, “who is Abū l-Haytham?” “Don’t you know?” “No.” “It’s Abū l-Haytham al-Ḥaddād. The day they took me and stretched my arms out for the flogging, I felt someone pulling at my clothes from behind.

“你认得我吗？”他问道。

“‘Do you recognize me?’ he asked.

“‘不。’”“‘我是Abū l-Haytham，我是强盗、窃贼，也是小偷。我一生中曾多次受到鞭刑，共计一万八千鞭，全部都记录在信士的长官那里，都是因为撒旦和今世的事物。所以你要忍住，为了真主和伊斯兰而承受你的鞭打。’”“他们用十八鞭代替他的一万八千鞭来打我。然后侍从出来说：‘信士的长官已经赦免了他！’”[作者：] 伊ब्राहीम·伊本·穆罕默德·伊本·阿拉法在他的《历史》中记载，艾哈迈德受到了三十六鞭。397

“‘No.’ “‘I’m Abū l-Haytham, and I’m a bandit, a cutpurse, and a thief. At one time or another, I’ve been struck eighteen thousand lashes—all on record with the Commander of the Faithful—for the sake of Satan and the things of this world. So bear up and take your beating for God and Islam.’ “They struck me eighteen lashes instead of his eighteen thousand. Then the attendant came out and said, ‘The Commander of the Faithful has pardoned him!’” [The author:] In his History, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿArafah reports that Aḥmad was struck thirty-six lashes.397

[叶哈雅·本·努阿伊姆：] 当艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒被押往穆尔泰綦姆处接受鞭刑时，押送他的军官说：“你尽管诅咒那些对你这样做的人吧！” 69.41

[Yaḥyā ibn Nuʿaym:] As Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was being taken out to al-Muʿtaṣim to be flogged, the officer escorting him said, “Go ahead and curse whoever did this to you!” 69.41

“咒骂你的压迫者，”艾哈迈德说，“表明缺乏坚忍。”【巴格awi说：】我看见艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒穿着一件绿色外袍，手里提着凉鞋，光着头走进曼苏尔清真寺。在我看来，他是一位高个子、肤色黝黑、白须的老人。宣礼塔的廊台上坐着哈里发的随从。他们一看见他，便下来向他致敬。他们亲吻他的头和手，说：“请诅咒那个虐待你的人吧。”69.42

“Cursing your oppressor,” said Aḥmad, “shows a lack of fortitude.” [Al-Baghawī:] I saw Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal going into the mosque of al-Manṣūr wearing a green over-garment, his sandals in his hand, bare-headed. To me he looked to be a tall, dark-skinned, white-bearded old man. Sitting in the gallery of the minaret were members of the caliph’s entourage. When they saw him, they came down to pay their respects. Kissing his head and hands, they said, “Curse the one who mistreated you.” 69.42

“诅咒压迫你的人，”艾哈迈德说，“表明缺乏坚韧的毅力。”398

“Cursing your oppressor,” said Aḥmad, “shows a lack of fortitude.”398

［Aḥmad:］当他们把我带到王宫时，我两天没有吃东西。

[Aḥmad:] When they took me to the palace I went without food for two days.

在他们鞭打我之后，他们给我端来一些大麦水，但我没有喝，以免破坏我的斋戒。69.43

After they flogged me they brought me some barley water, but I didn’t have any so as not to break my fast. 69.43

[Al-Makhzūmī:] 我在麦加与赛义德·伊本·曼苏尔一起绕天房行走时,听到身后有人说:“今天是艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒受鞭刑的日子。”69.44

[Al-Makhzūmī:] I was in Mecca walking around the Kaʿbah with Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr when I heard a voice behind me say: “Today is the flogging of Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” 69.44

后来我才得知，他在那天被鞭打过。

Later I found out that he had been flogged that day.

另一种说法：

In another telling:

赛义德·本·曼苏尔问我:“你听到我听到的了吗?”我告诉他我听到了。

Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr asked me, “Did you hear what I heard?” I told him I had.

“记住今天是什么日子，”他说。

“Remember what day this is,” he said.

后来我们才得知，他那天曾被鞭打。

Later we found out that he had been flogged that day.

[Al-Ṭaḥḥān:] 在艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒遭受鞭打的那一天，我与阿布·乌拜德·卡西姆·伊本·萨拉姆、伊布拉欣·伊本·阿比·莱斯以及其他几位同伴一同在阿辛·伊本·阿里的家中。69.45

[Al-Ṭaḥḥān:] On the day Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was flogged, I was with Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām, Ibrahīm ibn Abī l-Layth, and several others at the home of ʿĀṣim ibn ʿAlī. 69.45

“我们中间有谁愿意陪我去跟那个人谈谈吗？”ʿĀṣim问道。他接连问了好几遍，却没有人回答，直到最后易卜拉欣说：“我去。”ʿĀṣim大声叫仆人去把他的靴子拿来。可是易卜拉欣又说：“让我先去看看我的女儿们吧。我有段时间没见她们了，还有些话要跟她们说。”他离开了，我们怀疑他是去抹香、穿上寿衣了。

“Will anyone come with me and talk to that man?” asked ʿĀṣim.399 He repeated the question several times but no one answered, until finally Ibrāhīm said, “I’ll come.” ʿĀṣim shouted to the servant boy to bring his boots. But then Ibrāhīm said, “Let me go and see my daughters first. I haven’t seen them in a while and I have some things to tell them.” He left, and we suspected that he had gone to perfume himself and put on his shroud.

当他返回时,阿绥姆再次要求取来他的靴子。

When he returned, ʿĀṣim again called for his boots.

“我去看过我的女儿们，”易卜拉欣说，“她们哭了。”随后，瓦西特的阿西姆两个女儿寄来一封信，信上写道：“父亲，我们听说那人抓住了艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒，鞭打他，逼他说古兰经是被造的。如果他也要你这样做，你要敬畏真主，拒绝他。凭真主起誓，我们宁愿听到你死了，也不愿听到你屈服了。”[哈ર拉尼：] 艾哈迈德遭受鞭打时，我和艾布·欧拜德·卡西姆·本·萨拉姆正在穆尔塔综门口等候。艾布·欧拜德开始说：“难道我们要任由他们这样对待我们中最优秀的人吗？这真是无法忍受！”69.46

“I went to see my daughters,” said Ibrāhīm, “and they wept.” Then a letter came from ʿĀṣim’s two daughters in Wāsiṭ. It read, “Father, we’ve heard that that man has taken Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and flogged him to make him say that the Qurʾan is created. If he asks you to do the same thing, be fearful of God and refuse. By God, we’d rather hear that you’d died than that you gave in.” [Al-Ḥarrānī:] While Aḥmad was being flogged, Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām and I were waiting at al-Muʿtaṣim’s gate. Abū ʿUbayd started saying, “Are we going to let them do this to the best of us? It’s unbearable!” 69.46

You said:

I said:

他们没有权利这样鞭打他。

They had no right to flog him so.

但愿他们击打吧，因为他始终坚定地站立。

But let them strike, for firm he stood.

就在他们把他摊平捆绑之际。

And even as they stretched him flat.

如高地的土地,他说,受到启发。

As highland earth, he said, inspired.

“我可能会死，但烧起来的是你，不是我。

“I may die, but you, not I, will burn.

“……与地狱深坑中的说谎者同在！”

With the liars in the pits of Hell!”.

[Abū Ḥātim:] 那天他们鞭打艾哈迈德，我决定亲自去看看他究竟怎么样了。我到得很早，看见一位老人站在那里，说："主啊，给他力量！主啊，帮助他！"他接着说，那神情仿佛陷入了某种可怕的两难："我得知道他是否已经屈服了，如果是，我就得去替他的位置。" 69.47

[Abū Ḥātim:] The day they flogged Aḥmad, I decided to go and see for myself what had happened to him. I arrived early and found an old man standing there saying, “God, give him strength! God, help him!” He continued, speaking as if caught in some terrible dilemma, “I need to know if he’s given in and I have to go take his place.” 69.47

然后有人走出来说:“他没有屈服。”老人说:“感谢真主!”

Then someone came out, saying, “He didn’t give in.” “Thank God!” said the old man.

我问了一个人那位老人是谁。

I asked someone who the old man was.

“Bishr ibn al-Ḥārith”，有人对我这样说。400

“Bishr ibn al-Ḥārith,” I was told.400

[作者:] 我们知道关于鞭刑的其他记载,但怀疑其准确性,因此未予收录。401 69.48

[The author:] We are aware of other accounts of the flogging, but we doubt their accuracy and have therefore omitted them.401 69.48

先知ﷺ说：“将会有一个时代，任何为其信仰而坚忍受苦的人，所获的回报将是你们的五十倍。”6949

The Prophet, God bless and keep him, said: “There will come a time when anyone who suffers bravely for his faith will be rewarded fifty times more than you.” 69.49

“比我们更甚吗？”他的同伴们问道。

“More than us?” asked his Companions.

"是的，"他说，重复了三遍。

“Yes,” he said, repeating it three times.

[Al-Shāfiʿī:]「最难做到的三件事是：在拮据时仍然慷慨，独处时仍然谨慎自持，以及在权势者面前说真话。」6950

[Al-Shāfiʿī:] “The hardest three things are these: being generous when you have little, being scrupulous when you’re alone, and speaking truth to power.” 69.50

[阿布·祖尔ʿah:] 我过去常常听人们赞扬伊本·罕百勒，并把他置于叶海亚·本·马因和阿布·赫赛玛之上，但从未像他受考验之后那样推崇。他受考验之后，名望便无可限量。69.51

[Abū Zurʿah:] I always used to hear people speaking highly of Ibn Ḥanbal and giving him precedence over Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn and Abū Khaythamah, though never as much as after he was tried. After he was tried, his reputation knew no bounds. 69.51

[伊本·阿布·阿卜杜·拉赫曼：] 我听到艾哈迈德·伊本·尤努斯诵读圣训：“乐园中有宫殿，只为先知、诚实者，或那些能够自主其灵魂的人而开启。” 69。52

[Ibn Abī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān:] I heard Aḥmad ibn Yūnus recite the Hadith: “In the Garden are palaces open only to prophets, truth-tellers, or those given power over their own souls.” 69.52

有人问道:“那些‘对自己的灵魂拥有权力’的人是谁?”他回答说:“例如艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒。”

Someone asked, “Who are ‘those given power over their own souls’?” “Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, for example,” he replied.

[作者:] 这段圣训可追溯至卡卜·艾哈巴尔，其内容如下：

[The author:] This Hadith is traced back to Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, as follows:

我们引述的是：穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·巴基·伊本·艾哈迈德·伊本·苏莱曼，他引述哈姆德·伊本·艾哈迈德；哈姆德引述艾哈迈德·伊本·阿卜杜拉·伊斯法哈尼；伊斯法哈尼听阿卜杜拉·伊本·穆罕默德叙述，他听阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·伊本·穆罕默德·伊本·萨勒姆叙述，他听汉纳德·伊本·萨里叙述，他听穆罕默德·伊本·乌拜德叙述，引自萨拉马·伊本·努拜特，萨拉马引自阿卜杜拉·伊本·阿比·贾德，阿卜杜拉引自凯卜·艾哈巴尔，他们述道：

We cite Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Bāqī ibn Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān, who cites Ḥamd ibn Aḥmad, who cites Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Iṣfahānī, who heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad report that he heard ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Salm report that he heard Hannād ibn al-Sarī report that he heard Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd, citing Salamah ibn Nubayṭ, citing ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī l-Jaʿd, citing Kaʿb al-Aḥbār, report:

[Ka'b al-Ahbar:] 属于真主的，是一座座珍珠之上叠着珍珠、或者珍珠母之上叠着珍珠母的居所，其中有七万座宫殿。每座宫殿中有七万座庭院，每座庭院中有七万间房屋，除了先知、诚实者、殉道者、公正的统治者，以及掌控自身灵魂的人之外，没有人能住在其中。

[Ibn al-Ḥārith:] Abū Muḥammad al-Ṭufāwī 请艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒告诉他他们对他做了什么。69。56

[Ibn al-Ḥārith:] Abū Muḥammad al-Ṭufāwī asked Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal to tell him what they had done to him. 69.56

“打完我之后，”艾哈迈德说，“那个留着长胡子的人——指的是欧赖夫——走过来，用剑柄戳了我一下。我记得当时心想，终于要结束了。让他割断我的喉咙吧，好让我得到安息！”“伊本·萨玛阿对哈里发说：‘信士的长官！把他斩了吧，他的血由我来担。’”“但是伊本·艾比·杜伊德说：‘信士的长官，最好不要这样！如果您在这里杀了他，或者让他死在宫里，人们会说他坚持到了最后。他们会把他捧成英雄，还会认为自己是对的。不，应该立刻放他走。如果他死在宫外，人们就不会知道发生了什么。有人会说他是在反抗。”404

“After they had flogged me,” said Aḥmad, “that one with the long beard”— meaning ʿUjayf—“came up and jabbed me with the hilt of his sword. I remember thinking it was finally over. Let him cut my throat so I can rest! “Ibn Samāʿah said to the caliph, ‘Commander of the Faithful! Behead him and let his blood be on my hands.’ “But then Ibn Abī Dūʾād said, ‘Commander of the Faithful: better not to! If you kill him here or let him die inside the palace, they’ll say he held out till the end. They’ll make a hero of him and they’ll think they’ve been proven right. No: let him go right away. If he dies outside they won’t know what happened. Some will say he resisted404

“但没有人会确切地知道。”405

but no one will know for sure.’”405

[Abū Zurʿah:] 穆尔塔希姆召见了艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒的叔叔，并问众人：“你们知道此人是谁吗？”69。57

[Abū Zurʿah:] Al-Muʿtaṣim summoned Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal’s uncle and asked the people, “Do you know who this is?” 69.57

“是的，”他们说，“是艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒。”“你看他。你看见他没有受伤吗？”“看见了。”如果他没有那样做，我想一场无法遏制的暴力冲突就会爆发。406 当他说“我把他完好无损地交给你们”时，人们的怒气平息了下来。

“Yes,” they said. “It’s Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal.” “Look at him. Do you see that he’s unharmed?” “Yes.” If he hadn’t done that, I suspect that an unstoppable outburst of violence would have ensued.406 When he said, “I give him to you unharmed,” the people were mollified.

[伊本·阿斯巴格：] 直到大门外聚集了一群人并开始高声呼喊，伊本·罕百勒才被释放。当局感到恐惧，便放了艾哈迈德。69。58

[Ibn al-Aṣbagh:] Only after a crowd had gathered at the gate and begun to raise an outcry was Ibn Ḥanbal released. The authorities were frightened and let Aḥmad out. 69.58