他的最后一场病

His Final Illness

by Ibn Al-Jawzi5 min readViewed 64 times

［ʿAbd Allāh：］我父亲对我说：“我活了七十七年，现在已经开始第七十八年了。”79。1

[ʿAbd Allāh:] My father told me: “I’ve lived seventy-seven years and started my seventy-eighth.” 79.1

那天夜里他就发起了高烧。他于第十天去世，时值公元855年（伊历241年）。

That same night he took fever. He died on the tenth, in ’41 [855].

[Al-Jawharī:] 我去狱中探望伊本·罕百勒，发现阿布·赛义德·哈dhdhad也在那里陪着他。阿布·赛义德问他感觉怎么样。79.2

[Al-Jawharī:] I went to visit Ibn Ḥanbal in jail and found Abū Saʿīd al-Ḥaddād there with him. Abū Saʿīd asked him how he was feeling. 79.2

“嗯，”他回答道，“身体健康，感谢真主！”“昨晚你发烧了吗？”“如果我说我身体健康，”艾哈迈德说，“那就别再问了。我不想谈任何令人厌恶的事。”[萨利赫：] 在 241 年拉比尔·阿瓦勒月的第一天，周二晚上，470 我父亲发烧了。第二天我去看他。他发着高烧，呼吸十分费力。我了解他生病时的情况，每当他身体不适，都是我在照顾他。79。3

“Well,” he answered. “In good health, praise God!” “Did you have any fever last night?” “If I say I’m in good health,” said Aḥmad, “don’t ask any more questions. I don’t want to talk about anything detestable.” [Ṣāliḥ:] On the first day of Rabīʿ I 241, on a Tuesday night,470 my father took fever. The next day I went to see him. He was feverish and he was breathing only with great effort. I knew how his illnesses went and I was the one who nursed him whenever he was unwell. 79.3

“爸爸，你昨晚吃了什么？”我问他。

“What did you eat last night, Dad?” I asked him.

“豆汤，”他说。

“Bean broth,” he said.

然后他试图站起来。

Then he tried to get up.

“握住我的手。”他说。

“Take my hand,” he said.

我接过了它。他走到厕所时，双腿一软，只得靠在我身上。

I took it. When he reached the privy his legs gave way and he had to lean on me.

他身边有好几位医者照料,他们都是穆斯林。其中一位名叫ʿAbd al-Raḥmān的医者建议他把葫芦烤熟后饮用其汁液。那是在他去世那个星期五之前的星期二。

He was attended by several healers, all of them Muslims. One of them, a man called ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, advised him to roast a gourd and drink the juice. That was on the Tuesday before the Friday when he died.

“萨利赫，”他说。

“Ṣāliḥ,” he said.

“是的。”“不要在你家烤它，也不要在阿卜杜拉的家里烤。”法特ḥ·本·萨赫勒来探望他，但我没有让他进来。随后，阿里·本·贾阿德471也来了，我同样没有让他进来。但由于不断有人前来，我最终告诉父亲有客人来访了。79。4

“Yes.” “Don’t roast it in your house or ʿAbd Allāh’s either.” Al-Fatḥ ibn Sahl came to check on him but I didn’t let him in. Then ʿAlī ibn al- Jaʿd471 came but I didn’t let him in either. But as people kept arriving, I finally told my father he had visitors. 79.4

“你觉得我们该怎么做？”他问我。

“What do you think we should do?” he asked me.

“让他们进来为你祈祷吧。”他同意了，于是人们陆续走进来，挤满了整座房子，问候他身体怎样，并祈求真主赐他康复。这一拨刚出去，另一拨又涌了进来。人越来越多，整条街都挤满了，我们只好把小巷的门关上。

“Let them in to pray for you.” He agreed, and in they came, pouring into the house until it was full, asking him how he was feeling and calling on God to cure him. As soon as one group went out, another would come crowding in. As more and more arrived, the street filled up and we had to close the alley gate.

在前来拜访的人中，有一位是我们的邻居，他刚刚把胡须染了色。我父亲一看见他，便说："这个人可是在延续一项圣行呢。

Among the callers was a neighbor of ours who had just dyed his beard. As soon as my father saw him, he said, “Now there’s a man who’s keeping some sunnah alive.

"这让我很高兴。"那人走了进去,开始为我父亲祈祷,嘴里不断说着:"也为他,也为所有穆斯林。"又有一个人来了,说:"请想办法让我见他一面。那天他们在王宫里鞭打他的时候,我也在场,我想让他原谅我。"我把这话告诉父亲,他什么也没说。但我一直央求,直到他松口。我把那人带进去时,他站在那里痛哭流涕。"阿布·阿卜杜拉,"他说,"那天他们在王宫里鞭打你的时候,我也在场。现在我站在你面前了。如果你想报仇,就请报吧。"

That makes me happy.” The man went in and began praying for my father, who kept adding, “And for him, and for all Muslims.” Another man came and said, “Find some way to get me in to see him. I was there the day they flogged him at the palace and I want him to forgive me.” When I told my father, he said nothing. But I kept at him until he relented. When I let the man in, he stood there weeping. “Abū ʿAbd Allāh,” he said, “I was there the day they flogged you at the palace. Now here I am before you. If you want revenge, take it.

“如果你能原谅我，就原谅我吧。”79.5

If you can forgive me, forgive me.” 79.5

“只有一个条件，”父亲说，“以后再也不要做这样的事了。”“我不会了，”那人说。

“On one condition,” said my father. “Don’t do anything like it again.” “I won’t,” said the man.

“我原谅你。”那人含泪走了出去，在场的人也都哭了起来。

“I forgive you.” The man went out in tears and all those present wept as well.

我的父亲把一些零钱存放在一块破布里。每当他需要什么东西时，我们就会把一些钱交给替他去买东西的人。那个星期二，他问我破布里还有没有钱。我看了一下，找到了一枚迪拉姆。79。6

My father kept some scraps of coin in a bit of rag. Whenever he needed anything, we would give some of the money to whoever was doing the shopping for him. On that Tuesday, he asked me if there was anything in the rag. I looked and found a dirham. 79.6

"找一位租户去跑腿。"他说。于是我传话过去，其中一位妇人得到了一些钱。472

“Find one of the tenants to run an errand,” he said. So I sent word and one of the women was given some money.472

“快派人去给我买些枣子，好让我为违背的誓言赎罪。”他说。我便派人去买了枣子，并替他完成了赎誓。此后还剩下大约三个迪尔汗。我把这事告诉他，他说：“赞美真主！”接着他说：“把我的遗嘱读给我听。”我念给他听，他确认那确实是他的遗嘱。

“Send out and get me some dates so I can expiate a broken oath,” he said. I sent out for the dates, bought them, and expiated his oath.473 After that there were about three dirhams left. When I told him, he said, “Praise God!” Then he said, “Read out my will.” I read it out to him and he affirmed that it was his.

【作者：】我们已在关于宗教裁判所的叙述中引用过他的遗嘱，因此这里不再重复引用。

[The author:] We have already cited his will in our account of the Inquisition and will therefore refrain from citing it again.

[穆尔鲁迪:] 艾哈迈德在241年赖比尔月上旬的第二个夜晚，即星期二夜里患病，病了九天。消息传开，说他病情加重，于是大批探望者来到门口，整夜不散。当官方得知聚集了一群人，便在屋门口和通往小巷的门口安排了监视人员和骑兵。在此之前，艾哈迈德一直允许人们进来看他。人们挤进屋里高声问候，他便抬起手作答。骑兵到来之后，这种情况才告终止：他们阻止人们入内，并关上了小巷的大门。然而人群已经挤满了街道和清真寺，以致一些小贩无法做生意。想见伊本·罕百勒，唯一的办法就是从相邻的房屋或织工的住宅区设法进入，或者翻墙而入。伊布拉欣·本·阿塔厄派人在门口附近守候，并回来向他报告，之后每天两次——早晨和傍晚——前来询问伊本·罕百勒的情况，但多数时候都未能见到他便离开了。与此同时，受伊本·塔希尔指派的监视者也在暗中打探消息。79。7

[Al-Marrūdhī:] Aḥmad fell ill on Tuesday night, two nights into Rabīʿ I 241, and remained unwell for nine days. As word spread that he was growing worse, crowds of visitors appeared at the gate and remained there through the night. When the authorities learned that a crowd had gathered, they posted watchers and horse-troopers at the door of the house and the gateway into the alley. Up to that point Aḥmad had been allowing people in to see him. They would crowd into the house calling out greetings, and he would respond by lifting his hand. That ended with the arrival of the mounted troops, who stopped people from going in and shut the alley gate. But so many people had crowded into the streets and mosques that some of the vendors could no longer do business. The only way to see Ibn Ḥanbal was to find a way in through the adjoining houses or the weavers’ tenements, or to climb over a wall. After sending men to take up positions near the gate and report back to him, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAṭāʾ came twice a day—once in the morning and once in the evening—to ask after Ibn Ḥanbal but as often as not went away without seeing him. Meanwhile, watchers acting on behalf of Ibn Ṭāhir were making inquiries as well. 79.7

艾哈迈德告诉我:“伊本·塔希尔的侍从官来见我,转告说:‘哈里发致以问候,他希望见你。’我回答他,这是我厌恶去做的事,而众信士的长官已经免除了我去做我所厌恶之事。”伊本·塔希尔的侍从官夜里又回来,向照料我父亲的医生们询问病情。与此同时,监视者不断把消息送回萨马拉,信使的马每天往来不绝。哈希姆家族的成员前来探视他,并且哭了。一些法官和其他官员也来了,但未获准入内。他的叔叔尤素福家的一个男孩被派来为他扇风,但我父亲把他挥退了,因为这孩子是用他所不赞同的钱财买来的。

Aḥmad told me, “Ibn Ṭāhir’s chamberlain came to see me and reported, ‘The caliph sends his salutations; he wishes to see you.’ I told him that was something I would detest doing, and the Commander of the Faithful had exempted me from doing what I detest.” Ibn Ṭāhir’s chamberlain came back at night and asked questions of the doctors who were attending my father. Meanwhile, the watchers were sending reports back to Samarra, and the courier horses came and went every day. The members of the clan of Hāshim came to see him and wept. A number of judges and other officials arrived but were not admitted. A boy belonging to his uncle Yūsuf was sent to fan him, but my father waved him away because he had been purchased with funds he disapproved of.

“留在我身边，”他说，“没多久了。”“我就在这里，”我对他说。

“Stay with me,” he said. “It won’t be long now.” “I’m right here,” I told him.

每当他需要为健康购买什么东西时，他便会拿出一小块布，里面包着几枚零钱，交给我，由我去购买他所需要的东西。79.8

Whenever he needed to buy anything for his health, he would take out a bit of rag containing some scraps of coin and give them to me and I would buy what he needed. 79.8

他让我们为他的遗嘱作见证，那份遗嘱是他在萨马拉写下的。我听他说："把它读出来。"于是有人为他把遗嘱大声念了一遍。随后他让我们去买一些枣子，用来赎免一个誓言。之后，他身上只剩下大约一个半达尼格的钱。我进去时，他问事情办得怎样，我告诉他我们已经买了枣子并送了过去。他把脸转向天空，开始赞颂真主。

He had us witness his will, which he had written in Samarra. I heard that he said, “Read it out,” and it was read aloud for him. Then he asked us to buy some dates to expiate an oath. Afterward he was left with a dāniq and a half, more or less. When I came in he asked how it had gone, and I told him that we had taken the dates and sent them. He turned his face to the heavens and began praising God.

他还有一次探访，来的是阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜。艾哈迈德入院时说道：“他在这样的酷热中还特意来看我，这对我意义重大。”阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜俯下身，握住了他的手。两人手拉着手坐在一起，直到阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜该离开的时候。

He also had a visit from ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. “It means a lot to me,” said Aḥmad when he was admitted, “that he came here in this heat.” ʿAbd al-Wahhāb bent over him and took his hand. The two sat hand in hand until it was time for ʿAbd al-Wahhāb to leave.

有一次，一群人走了进来，其中一位是长者，留着染过色的胡须。

At one point a group of people came in, one of them an elder with a dyed beard.

艾哈迈德说:“看到他把胡须染了,我很高兴。”或类似的意思。

Aḥmad said, “It makes me happy to see that he’s dyed his beard,” or words to that effect.

一位来访者说:“愿真主赐予你所祈求的,也赐予我们所有人。”艾哈迈德回答:“愿真主应允你的祈祷!”来访者们开始为他祈祷时,他不断说:“也为所有穆斯林!”其中有几位来访者,他因种种原因并不认可。

One of his visitors said, “May God give you what you asked Him to give all of us.” “May God grant your prayer!” replied Aḥmad. As his visitors began naming him in their prayers, he kept saying, “For all Muslims too!” Several of his visitors were people he disapproved of for one reason or another.

每当这样的人进来，艾哈迈德就会闭上眼睛，仿佛是要把他打发走。

Whenever such a person entered, Aḥmad would close his eyes as if to dismiss him.

他常常拒绝回礼。

Often he would refuse to return his greeting.

一位长者前来探望他，对他说："当你站在真主面前的那一刻，你要时常警醒！"听到这话，艾哈迈德发出一声哽咽，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。

One elder came to see him and said to him, “Be mindful of the moment when you’ll stand before God!” At that, Aḥmad gave a sob and the tears streamed down his cheeks.

在他去世前一两天，他含混不清地说出一句话：“把孩子们叫来。”指的是年幼的孩子们。孩子们一个接一个地聚拢到他身边，他把他们搂在怀里，闻着他们身上的气息，眼含泪水，用手抚摸他们的头顶。有人说：“别担心，Abū ʿAbd Allāh，他们会没事的。”但艾哈迈德做了一个手势，仿佛在说：“我想的不是这个。”79。9

A day or two before he died, he slurred out the words, “Call the boys,” meaning the little ones. As the children gathered around him one by one, he held them close to inhale their scent and, tears in his eyes, ran his hand over their heads. Someone said, “Don’t worry, Abū ʿAbd Allāh: they’ll be fine.” But Aḥmad made a gesture as if to say, “That’s not what I was thinking.” 79.9

当他只能坐着时，他就从坐姿中礼拜；当他无法站起时，他就躺着礼拜，孜孜不倦，并举起双手，仿佛在做一轮俯身礼拜的动作。

When he could only sit, he would pray from that position; and when he couldn’t rise he would pray lying down, tirelessly, by lifting his hands as if performing a cycle of prostrations.

当我在他身下放好盆子时，看到他的尿液全是鲜红的血，里面完全没有其他液体。我把这件事告诉了医生，医生说，一个长期承受痛苦和忧伤的人，内脏很可能会被自己撕裂。

When I put a basin under him I saw that his urine was nothing but bright red blood with no other fluid in it at all. I mentioned this to the doctor, who said that anyone who spent that much time in suffering and sorrow might well shred his own innards.

星期四他的病情加重了。我为他清洗身体，好让他能够礼拜。他说："把水弄进我的指缝里。"

On Thursday he grew worse. I washed him so he could pray. “Get the water between my fingers,” he said.

周四晚上他停止了动弹。我们以为他已经死了，正试图把他伸直，这时他却开始弯曲双膝，脸朝向麦加。

On Thursday night he stopped moving. Thinking he was dead, we were trying to stretch him out when he began to bend his knees with his face turned toward Mecca.

我们开始让他跟着说“除真主外，别无应受崇拜者”，但他已经先开口念了。他侧身朝向麦加。

We began saying “There is no god but God” for him to repeat but he had already started saying it. He on his side to face Mecca.

星期五那天，人群开始聚集，挤满了街道和巷子。正午时他被从我们中间带走。一声巨大的哭喊响起，人们哭得如此响亮，仿佛大地都在震动。当大家都坐下来后，我们意识到可能会错过主日拜，于是我找了一个能俯瞰人群的位置，宣布在拜后将他抬出去。

On Friday, throngs of people began to gather, filling the streets and alleys. At noon he was taken from us. A great cry arose and people began to weep so loudly that it felt as if the earth were shaking. When everyone sat down, we realized that we might miss Friday prayers, so I found a place where I could look out over the crowd and announced that we would bring him out after the prayer.

[Ḥanbal:] 伊本·罕百勒在狱中时，al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabiʿ 的一个儿子送给他三根毛发，说这是先知ﷺ的。474 艾哈迈德临终时，要求把一根毛发放在他的每只眼睛上，第三根放在他的舌头上。他去世时，我们照此为他做了。79.10

[Ḥanbal:] While Ibn Ḥanbal was in jail, one of al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabiʿ’s sons gave him three hairs, saying that they belonged to the Prophet.474 As he lay dying, Aḥmad asked that one hair be put over each of his eyes and the third on his tongue. This we did for him when he died. 79.10

[Ṣāliḥ:] 在他患病期间，我父亲祈祷时是让我扶着他站直，以便他能鞠躬和叩拜，而他鞠躬和叩拜的方式是让我把他抬起来。79.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] During his illness my father prayed by having me hold him upright so he could bow and prostrate himself, which he did by having me lift him. 79.11

有一次，穆贾希德·伊本·穆萨进来说："不必害怕，阿布·阿卜杜拉！有这么多人为你作证，你去见真主时没有什么可担心的！"他开始亲吻我父亲的手并哭泣。当他请求我父亲给予教诲时，我父亲指了指自己的舌头。

At one point Mujāhid ibn Mūsā came in, saying, “No need to be afraid, Abū ʿAbd Allāh! With all these people to testify on your behalf, there’s nothing to fear when you meet God!” He began kissing my father’s hand and weeping. When he asked for his counsel, my father pointed to his tongue.

另一位来访者是法官萨瓦尔，他安慰病人说，真主不会对他进行最严格的清算，并引用穆塔米尔所传的一段圣训为证：他的父亲在临终时对他说："请告诉我真主的宽恕。"475

Another visitor was Judge Sawwār, who reassured him that God would not hold him to the strictest accounting, citing the report transmitted by Muʿtamir to the effect that his father had said to him as he lay dying, “Tell me about God’s lenience.”475

他开始出现尿潴留以及其他疼痛,但他的头脑依然清醒。在此期间,他总会问当月是几号,我便告诉他。夜里我睡在他身旁。他若需要什么,就会推推我,我便递给他。有一次他让我把他的笔记拿来,上面记着伊本·伊德里斯引述莱斯·本·陶乌斯所说的话:他厌恶呻吟。我把这段记载读给他听,此后他再没有呻吟过,只有在他去世的那夜例外。79。12

He began to suffer from retention of urine and other pains but his mind remained clear. All the while he would ask what day of the month it was and I would tell him. At night I slept beside him. If he wanted anything he would shake me and I would hand it to him. Once he asked me to bring him the notes where he’d written that Ibn Idrīs cites Layth ibn Ṭāwūs as saying he hated to moan. I read the report for him and he never moaned after that except on the night he died. 79.12

[ʿAbd Allāh:] 在他临终的病中,我父亲让我找出他记录下的、由阿卜杜拉·伊本·伊德里斯所传的圣训。我找到那本书交给他后,他又让我找出由赖斯传述的那段圣训,并念给他听。那段圣训是这样的:

[ʿAbd Allāh:] During his final illness, my father asked me to find where he had written the reports transmitted by ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs. When I found the book for him, he asked me to find the report related by Layth and read it to him. The report ran:

“我告诉过Ṭalḥah，Ṭāwūs不赞成病中呻吟，他直到去世都没有呻吟。”我把这段话读给父亲听之后，直到他去世，我都没有听到他呻吟，愿真主怜悯他。79.13

“I told Ṭalḥah that Ṭāwūs disapproved of moaning when ill, and did not moan until he died.” After I read this to my father, I didn’t hear him moan until he died, God have mercy on him. 79.13

他的最后一场病

关于他临终时刻的更多叙述