周三，即伊历232年祭月（Dhu l-Hijjah）还剩六夜之时，公历847年8月11日，年方二十六岁的穆塔瓦基勒·阿拉·安拉（al-Mutawakkil ʿalā llāh）继位哈里发，接替瓦西格（al-Wāthiq）。神借他使逊奈得以昌明，结束了宗教审判（Inquisition）所造成的苦难，民众为此无不欣慰。73。1

On Wednesday, with six nights left in Dhu l-Hijjah 232 [August 11, 847], al- Mutawakkil ʿalā llāh, who was then twenty-six years of age, succeeded al-Wāthiq as caliph. Through him God brought about the triumph of the sunnah and put an end to the suffering caused by the Inquisition, much to the gratification of the people. 73.1

【Al-Taymī:】三位伟大的哈里发：阿布·伯克尔，他与叛教者作战直至其投降；欧麦尔·伊本·阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹，他纠正了倭马亚王朝的弊端；以及穆台瓦基勒，他废除了异端的革新，并公开宣扬逊奈。73。2

[Al-Taymī:] There were three great caliphs: Abū Bakr, who fought the apostates until they surrendered; ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, who made good the abuses of the Umayyads; and al-Mutawakkil, who abolished heretical innovations and publicly proclaimed the sunnah. 73.2

[ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm:] 哈里发穆塔瓦基勒召见我，说道：“阿里，我梦见了先知ﷺ。我起身迎接他，他说：‘你虽是哈里发，却为我而起身？’” 73.3

[ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm:] The Caliph al-Mutawakkil sent for me and said, “ʿAlī, I dreamed I saw the Prophet. I rose to greet him, and he said, ‘You’re rising for me even though you’re a caliph?’” 73.3

“这是个好梦，信士的长官，”我说，“你为他起身，象征着你为圣行（sunnah）而站起。而且他称你为哈里发！”穆塔瓦基勒听了很高兴。

“It’s a good dream, Commander of the Faithful,” I said. “Your rising for him symbolizes your standing up for the sunnah. And he called you a caliph!” Al-Mutawakkil was pleased.

[ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl:] 我在塔尔苏斯梦见自己看到穆塔瓦基勒坐在一个充满光明的地方。734

[ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl:] In Tarsus I dreamed that I saw al-Mutawakkil sitting in a place full of light. 73.4

"Al-Mutawakkil?" 我问道。

“Al-Mutawakkil?” I asked.

“是的，”他说。

“Yes,” he said.

“真主对你做了什么？”“祂宽恕了我。”“为什么？”“因为我恢复了一点点逊奈（圣行）。”【作者说：】穆台瓦基勒熄灭了异端创新的火焰，点亮了逊奈的明灯。

“What has God done with you?” “He forgave me.” “Why?” “Because of the little bit of sunnah I was able to restore.” [The author:] Al-Mutawakkil extinguished the fires of heretical innovation and lit the lamps of sunnah.

[易卜拉欣·伊本·穆罕默德:] 在234年[848–849年],穆塔瓦基勒选定了一批法学家和圣训学者,包括穆斯阿布·祖拜里、伊斯哈格·伊本·阿比·伊斯拉伊勒、伊布拉欣·伊本·阿卜杜拉·哈拉维,以及伊本·阿比·沙伊布的两个儿子阿卜杜拉和奥斯曼,授予他们奖赏和定期的俸禄,并下令他们举行公开的圣训讲座,讲授那些驳斥分离派和贾海姆派的圣训,以及描述见到真主的圣训。奥斯曼·伊本·阿比·沙伊布为此在曼苏尔城内设置了一座讲台,让他主持讲座,约有三万人前来聆听。阿布·伯克尔·伊本·阿比·沙伊布则在鲁萨法清真寺举行讲座,另有三万人前来聆听。423 735

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad:] In 234 [848–49], al-Mutawakkil chose a number of jurists and Hadith-men, including Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī, Isḥāq ibn Abī Isrāʾīl, Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Harawī, and ʿAbd Allāh and ʿUthmān, the sons of Ibn Abī Shaybah, to receive awards and regular stipends, and ordered them to hold public Hadith sessions to teach the reports that refute the Secessionists and the followers of Jahm, as well as the reports that describe seeing God. ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shaybah had a pulpit set up for him to lead a session inside the City of al-Manṣūr. Some thirty thousand people gathered to hear him. Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shaybah held his session in the mosque of al- Ruṣāfah, where another thirty thousand gathered to hear.423 73.5

[Ghulām Khalīl:] 在阿巴丹，宗教裁判结束之后，艾布·贾阿法尔·哈瓦斯为我背诵了：73。6

[Ghulām Khalīl:] In ʿAbbādān, after the end of the Inquistion, Abū Jaʿfar al- Khawwāṣ recited for me: 73.6

异端者的绳索已经磨断、断裂了。

The heretics’ rope has frayed and snapped.

他们掌权的时代已经过去了。

Their turn in power come and gone.

随他们一同消逝的，还有恶魔的军队。

And gone with them is the Devil’s horde.

聚集在一起为他们加油助威的人。

That gathered round to cheer them on.

朋友们，告诉我：在那一堆东西里。

Tell me, friends: In all that lot.

是否有过榜样？哪怕只有一个？

Was there an exemplar? Even one?

像赛福彦·赛睿（Sufyān al-Thawrī）那样的人，他教导了我们所有人。

One like Sufyān of Thawr, who taught us all.

应当接受什么，应当避开什么？

What to accept and what to shun?

或者是泰伊姆部落的苏莱曼，他从不睡觉。

Or Sulaymān of Taym, who never slept.

出于对真主全知目光的敬畏？ Note on the rules: the original says "God", so per the instruction I should write the Chinese word for God. Corrected version: 出于对上帝全知目光的敬畏？

For fear of God’s all-seeing gaze?

或者像马利克那样，那片海洋，那片牧场。

Or like Mālik, that sea, that pasture-ground.

法学家们前来放牧的地方？

Where the jurists come to graze?

或者是伊本·罕百勒，伊斯兰的勇敢少年。

Or Ibn Ḥanbal, Islam’s brave young man.

上帝所造之物中，从未有过比他更勇敢无畏的心。

As stout a heart as God e’er made.

虽被鞭子与刀剑环绕，仍……

Who, though ringed about with whip and sword.

面对他们的喧嚣,毫无畏惧。424

Faced their clamor unafraid.424

在他统治的第五个月,al-Mutawakkil 派人召见了 Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal。737

Five months into his reign, al-Mutawakkil sent for Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. 73.7

[Ṣāliḥ:]穆塔瓦基勒下令让伊斯哈格·伊本·易卜拉欣把我父亲送到他那里。于是伊斯哈格召见了我父亲,说:“信士的长官要你前去。请准备上路!”我父亲说:73.8

[Ṣāliḥ:] Al-Mutawakkil ordered Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm to send my father to him. So Isḥāq summoned my father and said: “The Commander of the Faithful requires your presence. Prepare yourself for a journey!” My father said: 73.8

伊斯哈格还请我原谅他当时在场、看着我受鞭刑。我告诉他，凡是在场的人，我都已经原谅了。接着他说，他想向我请教关于《古兰经》的问题，并不是要考我，而是因为他真心想知道。

Isḥāq also asked me to forgive him for being present when I was flogged. I told him that I had already forgiven everyone who was there. Then he said he wanted to ask me about the Qurʾan—not to test me, but because he genuinely wanted to know.

“那么，只在我们之间说，你对《古兰经》怎么看？”“它是真主的言语，”我对他说，“是非受造的。”“为什么是非受造的？”“真主说：«创造和命令都是属于祂的»，这表明祂所创造的与祂所命令的并不相同。”“但祂的命令是受造的，”易卜拉欣说。

“Just between us, then: What do you say about the Qurʾan?” “It’s the speech of God,” I told him, “uncreated.” “Why uncreated?” “God has said, «His is the creation, His the command,»425 which shows that what He creates is not the same as what He commands.” “But His command is created,” said Isḥāq.

“天哪，救救我们吧！”我说，“被造之物难道能创造另一个被造之物吗？”“可是，有什么权威告诉你它不是被造的呢？”“贾法尔·伊本·穆罕默德说：‘它既非创造者，也非被造之物。’”他沉默了。

“God help us!” I said. “Can one created thing create another?” “But what authority tells you it isn’t created?” “Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad says, ‘It is neither a creator nor a created thing.’” He fell silent.

第二天晚上,他派人叫我过去,问道:“你觉得去不去?”“这由你决定。”[Ṣāliḥ继续说道:] 73.9

The next night, he sent for me and asked, “How do you feel about going?” “That’s up to you.” [Ṣāliḥ continued:] 73.9

当穆塔瓦基勒派人召见我父亲时，许多圣门辅士和哈希姆家族的显要人物前来看望他，并问他是否真的会与其交谈。

When al-Mutawakkil sent for my father, a number of Helpers and Hāshimī dignitaries came to see him and asked whether he would really speak to him.

“我本已下定决心要和他谈一谈，”我父亲说，“谈谈他的家族，谈谈辅士和迁士，以及穆斯林的最大利益。”237年（公元851–852年），我父亲被派往去见穆塔瓦基勒。他被带出巴格达，一直走到一个叫布斯拉的地方，我们在一座清真寺里过的夜。半夜时分，纳伊萨布尔人赶来说：“他说：‘回去！’”“但愿这是最好的安排，”我说。

“I had made up my mind to speak to him,” said my father, “about his family, about the Helpers and Emigrants, and about the best interests of the Muslims.” It was in 237 [851–52] that my father was sent to al-Mutawakkil. He was taken out of Baghdad and made it as far as a place called Buṣrā, where we spent the night in a mosque. In the middle of the night, al-Naysābūrī arrived and said, “He says, ‘Go back!’” “I hope this is for the best,” I said.

在艾哈迈德被带去见穆塔瓦基勒、随后又被送回之后，伊斯哈格·伊本·易卜拉欣去世，其子阿卜杜拉·伊本·伊斯哈格继任。此后，艾哈迈德的敌人向穆塔瓦基勒告发他，声称他窝藏了阿里的一个支持者。426 73.10

After Aḥmad was taken to see al-Mutawakkil and then sent back again, Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm died and was succeeded by his son, ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq. Then Aḥmad’s enemies denounced him to al-Mutawakkil, claiming that he was harboring a partisan of ʿAlī.426 73.10

[Ṣāliḥ:] 哈里发穆塔瓦基勒致信巴格达新任总督阿卜杜拉·伊本·伊沙克，吩咐他警告艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒，不得对哈里发隐瞒任何事情。随后，哈里发派出他的侍从官穆扎法尔，以及邮政总管一个名叫伊本·凯勒比的人，前往传达同样的口信。深夜，大多数人已经入睡，穆扎法尔和伊本·凯勒比来到艾哈迈德面前，转达了阿卜杜拉·伊本·伊沙克交给他们的口信：即他应当提防对哈里发有所隐瞒。73.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] The Caliph al-Mutawakkil sent a message to ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq, the new governor in Baghdad, telling him to warn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal against hiding anything from the caliph. The caliph then dispatched his chamberlain, Muẓaffar, as well as the chief of the courier service, a man named Ibn al-Kalbī, to whom he had sent the same message. Late at night, after most people had gone to bed, al-Muẓaffar and Ibn al-Kalbī confronted Aḥmad and passed on the message that ʿAbd Allāh ibn Isḥāq had conveyed to them: that is, that he should be wary of hiding anything from the caliph. 73.11

[Ṣāliḥ:] 有人敲门，我父亲只穿着一条遮羞布便去开门。来人高声宣读哈里发的一封信，说他窝藏了阿里的一个支持者。父亲说：“我不明白他指的是什么。我相信，无论顺境还是逆境，无论心甘情愿与否，都应当服从他，即便他偏袒别人而不偏袒我。我很遗憾，不能与穆斯林同胞一起礼拜，不能参加主麻礼拜，也不能在社团中讲话。”427 73.12

[Ṣāliḥ:] There was a knock, and my father, who was dressed only in his breechclout, answered the door. The callers read aloud a message from the caliph suggesting that he was harboring a partisan of ʿAlī. He said, “I don’t know what he means. I believe that obedience is due him in good times and bad, willingly or not, even if he should favor others over me. I regret not being able to pray with my fellow Muslims, attend Friday prayers, or address the community.”427 73.12

在去世之前,伊斯哈格曾叮嘱我父亲留在家中,不要外出参加星期五聚礼或其他集体礼拜,并警告他说,如果出去,就会遭受他在穆尔泰绥姆统治时期所遭受的苦难。

Before he died, Isḥāq had told my father to remain at home and not to come out for Fridays or other group prayers, warning him that if he did, he would suffer what he had suffered under al-Muʿtaṣim.

伊本·卡尔比说道:“众信士的长官命我请您发誓,您并没有隐瞒任何人。”他说:“如果你们要我发誓,我就发誓。”他们让他指着真主起誓,并发誓如果他所言不实,便与他的妻子离婚。

Ibn al-Kalbī then said: “The Commander of the Faithful has ordered me to ask you to swear that you are not concealing anyone.” “If you want me to swear,” he said, “I will.” They made him swear by God, and to swear that he would divorce his wife if he was not telling the truth.

然后，伊本·卡勒比说："我也要搜查你的房子，还有你儿子的房子。"——指的是我的房子。穆扎法尔和伊本·卡勒比搜查了房子，同行的两名妇女则搜查了女眷。之后，他们对我的房子也如法炮制。他们甚至把蜡烛放进井里，朝井下查看。他们还派女人进入内室。最后，他们离开了。

[Ṣāliḥ:] 我父亲收到了阿里·伊本·贾赫姆的一封信，信中写道："信士的长官特派雅古布（人称"卡瓦萨拉"）前来，并附上一份礼物给你，同时命令你前去见他。他以真主之名吁请你，不要请求豁免，也不要退还他寄给你的钱，因为这样做将会助长那些与你作对之人的气焰。"73.16

[Ṣāliḥ:] My father received a letter from ʿAlī ibn al-Jahm saying: “The Commander of the Faithful herewith sends you Yaʿqūb, called Qawṣarrah, with a gift for you, and orders you to come to him. He calls upon you in the name of God not to plead for exemption or to return the money he has sent you, for doing so will strengthen the hand of those working against you.” 73.16

第二天,雅古卜返回,进去见他。"阿布·阿卜杜拉,"他说,"埋头信士的长官向您致意,并说:'我现在确信您是无辜的。我渴望您的陪伴,也渴望得到您祈祷的福佑,因此特地送去一万迪拉姆,以支付您旅途的费用。'"随后,雅古卜拿出一个袋子,袋口系着结,里面大约装着两百第纳尔,其余都是未经修整的迪拉姆。我的父亲连看都没有看一眼。

The next day, Yaʿqūb returned and went in to see him. “Abū ʿAbd Allāh,” he said, “the Commander of the Faithful conveys his greetings to you and says: ‘I am now convinced of your innocence. Desiring, as I do, the comfort of your presence and the blessing of your prayers, I herewith send to you ten thousand dirhams to cover the expenses of your journey.’” Yaʿqūb then brought out a bag with a knotted pouch containing about two hundred dinars and the rest filled with untrimmed dirhams. My father didn’t even look at it.

雅尔古卜把它重新绑好，说道：“明天我再来，看看你们决定怎么做。”接着又说：“赞美真主，是祂阻止了那些标新立异者因你们的覆灭而幸灾乐祸。”说完便离开了。

Yaʿqūb tied it back up, saying, “I’ll be back tomorrow to find out what you’ve decided to do.” He added, “Praise God, who prevented the innovators from rejoicing in your downfall.” Then he left.

我拿来一个绿色的洗衣盆，把它翻过来，扣在了袋子上面。

I brought in a green washtub,430 turned it over, and dropped it on top of the bag.

当傍晚的礼拜时间到了，我父亲说：“Ṣāliḥ，把这个拿去，放到你的屋里。”于是我把它放在了我睡觉的地方旁边的屋顶上。第二天一大早，我听见他在叫我，便起身走了过去。他告诉我他一夜没有睡。我问他为什么没睡，他便哭了起来，说：“我还以为已经摆脱了他们，没想到他们在我的晚年又来折磨我了！”他接着说：“我已经决定，天一亮就把那东西送人。”“那由您决定吧，”我说。

When it was time for the evening prayer, my father said, “Ṣāliḥ, take this and put it in your house.” So I put it on the roof next to where I slept. Early the next morning I heard him calling me so I got up and went over. He told me he hadn’t slept. When I asked him why not, he began weeping and said, “Here I thought I’d escaped them, but now they’ve come to torment me at the end of my life!” He went on, “I’ve decided to give that thing away as soon as it’s morning.” “That’s up to you,” I said.

次日早晨,al-Ḥasan al-Bazzāz和长者们前来拜访他。他对我说:"Ṣāliḥ,拿一杆秤来。"接着又说:"去把迁士和辅士的后裔请来。再去请某某和某某,让他们把钱分发到各自的街坊里。"就这样一直做下去,直到他把所有的钱都分完,袋子也空了。那时我们过着只有神才最清楚的贫困生活。有一次,我的一个小儿子走过来,看着我说:"爸爸,给我一个迪拉姆!"于是我拿出一枚硬币给了他。

In the morning al-Ḥasan al-Bazzāz and the elders came to see him. “Ṣāliḥ,” he told me, “bring me a scale.” Then he added, “Send for the descendants of the Emigrants and Helpers. And send for So-and-So, and So-and-So, and tell them to distribute the money in their neighborhoods.” So it went, until he had given all the money away and emptied the bag. This was at a time when we were living in a state of deprivation best known to God. At one point one of my little boys came over, looked at me, and said, “Daddy, give me a dirham!” So I got out a coin and gave it to him.

[Ṣāliḥ:] 我父亲过去常常接待前来传达穆塔瓦基勒问候并询问他身体状况的使者。我们很高兴能接待这些来客，但我父亲会剧烈地颤抖，以至于我们必须用厚衣服把他裹起来。他会把手指拢在一起说：“如果我的灵魂握在手中，我会把它放掉。”然后张开手。73。45

[Ṣāliḥ:] My father used to receive visits from messengers conveying al-Mutawakkil’s greetings and asking after his health. We were happy to receive the visitors, but my father would shudder so violently that we had to bundle him up in heavy clothes. He would bunch his fingers together and say, “If I had my soul in my hand, I would let it go,” then open his hand. 73.45

过了一段时间，al-Mutawakkil及其随从经过al-Shammāsiyyah前往al-Madāʾin。我父亲告诉我，他不希望我去见他们，也不希望我以任何方式给他们传话。我说我不会去。

Some time later, al-Mutawakkil and his entourage were passing through al- Shammāsiyyah on their way to al-Madāʾin. My father told me that he didn’t want me to go to them or send them word of any kind. I said I wouldn’t.

第二天我坐在外面,就在我面前——尽管那是个下雨天——出现了叶海亚·本·哈坎,他冒着雨,带着一大群随从而来。

The next day I was sitting outside and there right in front of me—even though it was a rainy day—appeared Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān, who had come, rain and all, with a vast entourage.

“这算什么样子？”他在我们巷口下马，说道，“你没有去向信士的长官问候你父亲的安好，所以他派我来找你。”我劝他骑马穿过巷子，他却不肯，而是踩着泥水走了过来。到了门口，他脱掉靴子外面套着的雨鞋，才走进屋里。

“Is this any way to act?” he said, dismounting just outside our alley. “You didn’t come and convey your father’s greetings to the Commander of the Faithful, so he sent me to you.” I tried to persuade him to come through the alley on horseback, but he refused and began sloshing his way through the mud instead. When he reached the door, he removed the galoshes he was wearing over his boots and went into the house.

我的父亲坐在角落里,身上裹着一件打了补丁的披巾,头上缠着头巾。门上唯一的遮挡是一条粗麻布。Yaḥyā 向他问候,亲吻他的额头,并询问他的健康状况。

My father was sitting in the corner wearing a patched wrap and a turban. The only curtain across the door was a strip of burlap. Yaḥyā greeted him, kissed him on the forehead, and asked after his health.

“Commander of the Faithful”这一称号在这里是作为称谓出现的，应译为“众信士的长官”。按规则，“the Commander of the Faithful”是对历史人物的尊称，保持原样即可。 “The Commander of the Faithful conveys his greetings and asks, ‘How are your spirits and how is your health?’ He says that he took comfort in having you close by and asks you to pray for him.” 众信士的长官向您问候，并问道：“您精神可好，身体可安？”他说，有您近在身边，他心里感到安慰，并请您为他祈祷。 “Not a day passes,” says my father, “that I don’t pray for him.” 我父亲说：“没有一天我不为他祈祷。” “He’s sent along a thousand dinars for you to distribute to those in need.” 他还派人送来一千第纳尔，请您分发给有需要的人。 “Abū Zakariyyā,” he replied, “I don’t leave the house and I don’t see anyone. And he’s exempted me from doing what I detest, and this is something I detest.” 他回答道：“艾布·宰凯里亚，我不出门，也不见任何人。他免除了我不愿做的事，而这件事正是我所厌恶的。” “Abū ʿAbd Allāh! Caliphs will only tolerate so much.” “艾布·阿卜杜拉！哈里发的容忍是有限度的。” “Do what you can to handle it discreetly, Abū Zakariyyā.” “艾布·宰凯里亚，请你尽量谨慎地处理此事。” Yaḥyā wished him well and rose. On the way out he turned around and came back. 叶海亚祝他安好，随即起身。走到门口时，他又转身折回。