[Al-Marwazī:] 在整个宗教审判期间始终坚守立场的，只有四人，他们都来自木鹿（Marv）：艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒、艾哈迈德·伊本·纳斯尔、穆罕默德·伊本·努哈，以及努艾姆·伊本·哈马德。78。1

[Al-Marwazī:] Only four men, all of them from Marv, remained steadfast throughout the Inquisition: Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad ibn Naṣr, Muḥammad ibn Nūḥ, and Nuʿaym ibn Ḥammād. 78.1

Abū l-Ḥusayn ibn al-Munādī 提到，以下几位学者同样坚守了立场：Abū Nuʿaym al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn、ʿAffān、al-Buwayṭī、Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Uways al-Madanī、Abū Muṣʿab al-Madanī 和 Yaḥyā l-Ḥimmānī。

Abū l-Ḥusayn ibn al-Munādī mentions the following men as having remained steadfast as well: Abū Nuʿaym al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn, ʿAffān, al-Buwayṭī, Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Uways al-Madanī, Abū Muṣʿab al-Madanī, and Yaḥyā l-Ḥimmānī.

[ḥanbal ibn isḥāq:] 首先被召去接受审问的是ʿAffān。次日，他回来之后，我在场，我们所有人也都在场，包括Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal。Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn让ʿAffān告诉我们Isḥāq对他说了什么，以及他是如何回答的。78.2

[Ḥanbal ibn Isḥāq:] The first to be called for interrogation was ʿAffān. The next day, after his return, I was there, as were all of us, including Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn asked ʿAffān to tell us what Isḥāq had said to him and how he had answered. 78.2

“我没有做任何有损你或你的同伴名誉的事，”他说。这意思是，他并没有说出伊斯哈格希望他说的话。

“I did nothing to dishonor you or your associates,” he said, meaning that he had not said what Isḥāq wanted him to say.

“那次是什么情形？”“伊斯哈格·本·易卜拉欣召我进去。我到了之后，他宣读了阿勒-马蒙从伊拉克北部发往拉卡的信。信中写道：‘考验阿凡，叫他表态说《古兰经》是如此如此。如果他照做，就让他保住职位；如果他拒绝，就停发他的俸禄。’”阿勒-马蒙此前每月给阿凡发五百第尔汗。

“So what was it like?” “Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm called me in. When I got there, he read out the letter that al- Maʾmūn had sent to al-Raqqah from northern Iraq. In the letter it said, ‘Test ʿAffān, and call on him to say that the Qurʾan is such-and-such. If he does so, confirm him in his position. If he refuses, cut off his stipend.’” Al-Maʾmūn had been paying ʿAffān five hundred dirhams a month.

“当信被宣读之后，伊斯哈格要求我陈述自己的立场。我回答时诵读了《古兰经》：“你说：‘他是真主，是独一的。真主是万物所仰赖的。’”直至末尾，然后问道：“这是被创造的吗？” “伊斯哈格说：‘听着，长者，埃米尔·穆米宁说要停发你的俸禄，如果他停发，我也会停发。’ “我告诉他，真主说：‘你们的给养和你们所被许诺的，都在天上。’他无言以对，便放了我。”艾哈迈德和在场的我们的同伴听到这一消息后，都感到欣慰。

“When the letter had been read out, Isḥāq asked me to state my position. By way of reply, I recited «Say, He is God, the One, the ṣamad»463 through to the end, then asked, ‘Is that created?’ “Isḥāq said, ‘Listen, elder, the Commander of the Faithful says he’ll cut off your stipend, and if he does I will too.’ “I told him that God says «In heaven is your sustenance, and also that which you are promised.»464 He had no reply to that and let me go.” Aḥmad and those of our associates who were there were heartened by this report.

[易卜拉欣·本·侯赛因：]我当时为阿凡（ʿAffān）牵着他的骡子，他被传唤受审。他进去之后，人们要求他同意他们所说的，但他不肯。他们告诉他，要扣发他每月一千第纳尔的俸禄，他却说：«你们的给养在天上，你们所被许诺的也在天上。»465 78。3

[Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn:] I was working for ʿAffān, holding the reins of his mule, when he was called in for trial. When he went in, he was asked to agree to what they said but he wouldn’t. They told him they would keep back his stipend, which came to a thousand dinars a month, but he said, «In heaven is your sustenance, and also that which you are promised.»465 78.3

当我们回到家时,家里的女眷以及在场的其他人都开始责骂他。那所房子里住着大约四十个人。接着我们听到敲门声。进来一个人,在我看来像是个卖酥油或油的商人,手里提着一袋千枚迪拉姆。"你支持了信仰,"他对阿凡说,"愿真主也支持你!你以后每个月都会收到这样一袋。"

When we got back, the women of the house, and everyone else there, started berating him. There were about forty people living in that house. Then we heard a knock on the door. In came a man who looked to me like a seller of ghee or oil carrying a thousand dirhams in a bag. “You’ve supported the faith,” he said to ʿAffān, “and may God support you! You’ll be getting a bag like this every month.”

[艾哈迈德·本·欧麦尔：] 在我所见过的所有长老聚会中，最盛大的一次是我在宗教审问期间于库法所见的那次。那封载有该教义的信被宣读之后，艾布·努爱姆站起来说：“我从八百七十多位老师那里传过圣训，从艾尔·阿马什一直到后来的人，但我从未遇见过持这种观点的人——即认为《古兰经》是被造之物——也从未见过有人公开主张此说而不被指为异端。”78。4

[Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar:] Of all the elders’ gatherings I’ve seen, the greatest was the one I saw in Kufa during the Inquisition. After the letter with the doctrine in it was read aloud, Abū Nuʿaym spoke up and said, “I’ve heard reports from 870-some teachers, from al-Aʿmash on down, but I never met anyone who held that view”—that the Qurʾan is a created thing—“nor saw anyone espouse it without being accused of heresy.” 78.4

听到这些话，艾哈迈德·伊本·尤努斯站起身来，亲吻了艾布·努阿伊姆的头，说道："愿真主为伊斯兰教给你回报！"[穆罕默德·伊本·尤努斯：]艾布·努阿伊姆被带进总督面前时，他说："我见过库法所有的长者——超过七百人，从阿阿马什开始往下——都说《古兰经》是真主的言语，而我的性命对我来说，还不如这颗纽扣重要。"78.5

Hearing this, Aḥmad ibn Yūnus rose and kissed Abū Nuʿaym’s head, saying, “May God reward you on behalf of Islam!” [Muḥammad ibn Yūnus:] When Abū Nuʿaym was taken in to the governor, he said, “I’ve seen all the elders in Kufa—that’s more than seven hundred, from al- Aʿmash on down—say that the Qurʾan is the speech of God, and my neck means as little to me as this button.” 78.5

就在这时,艾哈迈德·本·尤努斯站起身来,俯身亲吻他的额头,尽管两人之前有过积怨,并说道:“愿真主以你作为一位伟大长者的品德回report你!”[伊本·阿比·沙伊巴:]当宗教审判(Mihna)来到库法时,艾哈迈德·本·尤努斯让我去找阿布·努阿伊姆并告诉他。我找到他并告诉了他,他说:“这不过是一顿鞭打。”然后他扯下了自己长袍上的一颗纽扣。“我的头颅比这颗纽扣更不值得我珍惜。”78.6

At that, Aḥmad ibn Yūnus rose and kissed him on the head even though there had been bad blood between them and said, “May God reward you for the great elder you are!” [Ibn Abī Shaybah:] When the Inquisition came to Kufa, Aḥmad ibn Yūnus told me to go find Abū Nuʿaym and let him know. When I found him and told him, he said, “It’s just a flogging.” Then he tore a button off his garment. “My head means less to me than this button.” 78.6

[哈نبل·伊本·伊斯哈格:] 我听到艾布·阿卜杜拉——即艾哈迈德·伊本·哈奈伯尔——说："两位长老为真主挺身而出，胜过其他任何人"——或"几乎胜过其他所有人"——"从未有过：阿法尼和艾布·努阿伊姆。" 78.7

[Ḥanbal ibn Isḥāq:] I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh—meaning Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal—say, “Two elders stood up for God better than anyone else”—or “nearly everyone else”—“ever has: ʿAffān and Abū Nuʿaym.” 78.7

他指的是他们拒绝投降。

He was referring to their refusal to capitulate.

[穆罕默德·伊本·赛阿德：]努埃姆·伊本·哈马德来自马尔夫。他曾在伊拉克和阿拉伯半岛西部广泛求学圣训，之后定居埃及，在那里居住，直到穆尔塔辛哈里发在位期间被召至伊拉克。他被就《古兰经》问题加以盘问，但拒绝认同对他所要求的说法。随后他被囚禁于萨迈拉，并于228年（公元842–843年）在狱中去世，享年78岁。8

[Muḥammad ibn Saʿd:] Nuʿaym ibn Ḥammād was from Marv. He pursued Hadith extensively in Iraq and western Arabia before settling in Egypt, where he stayed until he was summoned to Iraq during the caliphate of al-Muʿtaṣim. He was questioned regarding the Qurʾan but refused assent to what was demanded of him. He was then jailed in Samarra, where he died, still in prison, in 228 [842–43]. 78.8

[易卜拉欣·伊本·穆罕默德·伊本·阿拉法：] 在公元842至843年（伊历228年）去世的人中，有努艾姆·伊本·哈马德。他因拒绝说《古兰经》是受造之物，被锁链锁着关在地牢里而死。他被拖着锁链扔进一个坑中，死时既未被裹以寿衣，也无人为他的遗体举行拜礼。这是伊本·阿比·杜阿德的手下所为。9

[Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿArafah:] Among those who died in 228 [842–43] was Nuʿaym ibn Ḥammād, who perished in chains in a dungeon because he refused to say that the Qurʾan was a created thing. He was dragged by his chains and thrown into a pit, and died without being wrapped in a shroud or having anyone pray over his body. This was the doing of Ibn Abī Duʾād’s man.466 78.9

他在宗教审判期间被带走，并被施压，要他承认《古兰经》是受造之物的说法。他拒绝之后，被囚禁在巴格达，最终死在狱中。他是一位苦行者，也是精通教法的人。78。10

He was taken away during the Inquisition and pressured to espouse the claim that the Qurʾan is a created thing. When he refused, he was jailed in Baghdad and died in prison. He was a renunciant and a man who understood the Law. 78.10

[al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān:] 我看见布waiyṭī骑在一头骡子上，脖子上套着枷锁，双腿戴着脚镣。枷锁和脚镣之间用铁链相连。铁链上悬挂着一块重三十五磅的砖。[467] 他说："真主以'有'一语创造了世界。如果'有'本身是被创造的，那么一个被造之物就使另一个被造之物产生了。"他接着说："我发誓，我会戴着这条铁链死去，这样等我死后，人们就会知道，有人为这一主张戴着枷锁而死。如果他们把我带到他面前"——指的是al-Wāthiq——"我会直言不讳。"[ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad:] 布waiyṭī过着虔诚克己的生活。在宗教裁判期间，他从埃及被押送到伊拉克，在那里他拒不屈服，被戴上枷锁并投入监狱。他于232年在狱中戴着脚镣去世。

[Al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān:] I saw al-Buwayṭī mounted on a mule with a manacle around his neck and a fetter on his legs. The manacle and the fetter were joined by an iron chain. Suspended from the chain was a brick weighing thirty-five pounds.467 He was saying, “God created the world by saying ‘Be.’ If ‘be’ is created, then one created thing brought another created thing into being.” He went on: “By God, I’ll die with this very chain still on me, so that when I’m gone, people will know that men died in irons for this cause. If they put me before him”—meaning al-Wāthiq—“I’ll speak my mind.” [ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad:] Al-Buwayṭī lived a life of pious self-denial. During the Inquisition, he was taken from Egypt to Iraq, where he refused to capitulate and was clapped into irons and thrown in jail. He died, in prison and in fetters, in 232

[846–47]. 78.11

[846–47]. 78.11

巴格达的纳斯尔小市场以他父亲的名字命名。他的祖父马立克·本·海赛姆是阿拔斯革命运动的领袖之一。伊本·纳斯尔本人是一位虔诚正直的人，常常呼吁他人行善。他从马立克·本·艾奈斯、哈马德·本·载德、胡沙伊姆等人处听过圣训。

The Little Market of Naṣr in Baghdad is named after his father. His grandfather, Mālik ibn al-Haytham, was one of the leaders of the Abbasid revolutionary movement. Ibn Naṣr himself was a man of piety and rectitude who called upon others to do right. He heard Hadith from Mālik ibn Anas, Ḥammād ibn Zayd, and Hushaym, among others.

叶哈雅·本·迈因等人转述了他的传闻。7812

Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn and others transmitted on his authority. 78.12

伊本·纳斯尔被指控图谋哈里发之位，但当他被逮捕并被押到瓦西格面前时，瓦西格说："不必去管你被逮捕的原因。

Ibn Naṣr was accused of seeking the caliphate, but when he was arrested and brought before al-Wāthiq, the latter said, “Never mind what you were arrested for.

“你对《古兰经》有何看法？”7813

What do you have to say about the Qurʾan?” 78.13

"这是上帝的话，"伊本·纳赛尔说。

“It’s the word of God,” said Ibn Naṣr.

“但它是被造之物吗？”“它是真主的言语。”“那好吧：在复活日，你能看见真主吗？”“传闻是这样说的。”“哈！”al-Wāthiq说，“你的意思是，他会像一个有身体、有限的实体那样可见？”随后，al-Wāthiq下令取来刀和皮垫。依他的命令，仍戴着枷锁的Ibn Naṣr被按坐在皮垫上。接着，有人把绳子套在他的脖子上，将他拉直伸展。最后，al-Wāthiq走上前去，砍下了他的头。依他的命令，这颗被砍下的头颅被送往巴格达，先在东区示众数日，然后又在西区示众。

“But is it a created thing?” “It’s the word of God.” “Well then: Can you see God on the Day of Resurrection?” “That’s what the reports say.” “Hah!” said al-Wāthiq. “You mean He’ll be visible as if he were a finite object with a body?” Al-Wāthiq then called for the sword and the leather mat. At his command, Ibn Naṣr, still in chains, was sat upon. Next a rope was put around his neck and he was stretched out. Finally al-Wāthiq marched up to him and hacked off his head. At his command, the severed head was sent to Baghdad and displayed for several days on the East Side and then on the West.

[Al-Marrūdhī:] 提到艾哈迈德·本·纳斯尔时，我听到艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒说：“愿真主怜悯他！他是多么慷慨，他舍弃了自己的性命！”78。14

[Al-Marrūdhī:] At the mention of Aḥmad ibn Naṣr, I heard Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal say, “God have mercy on him! How generous he was: he gave up his life!” 78.14

[伊斯马仪·本·赫拉夫：]艾哈迈德·本·纳斯尔是我的朋友。宗教裁判（Inquisition）杀害他之后，把他的头颅示众。我听说那颗头颅在诵读《古兰经》，于是我前去，在一个能俯视那颗头颅的地方过了一夜，那里有骑马和步行的人看守。等所有人都打起瞌睡时，我听到那颗头颅在诵读：{人们以为，只要说一句“我们信仰了”，就可以不受考验而被撇下吗？}我听到这句时，不由得战栗起来。78.15

[Ismāʿīl ibn Khalaf:] Aḥmad ibn Naṣr was my friend. After the Inquisition killed him and displayed his head, I heard that the head was reciting the Qurʾan. So I went and spent the night in a spot overlooking the head, which was guarded by men on horse and men on foot. As soon as everyone had dozed off, I heard the head reciting «Do people think that once they say, “We believe,” they will be left alone and not be put to the test?»468 When I heard it, I shuddered. 78.15