[Ṣāliḥ:] 阿尔-希扎米拜访了伊本·阿比·杜阿德，148 随后又来拜访我的父亲。我父亲出来看见他走来，便当着他的面关上了门，然后回到屋里去了。231

[Ṣāliḥ:] Al-Ḥiẓāmī visited Ibn Abī Duʾād148 and then came to call on my father. When my father came out and saw him coming, he shut the door in his face and went back inside. 23.1

[Al-Sijistānī:] 我曾问艾哈迈德，如果我看到一个我知道是遵循逊奈之人与一个应受谴责的异端者在一起，我是否应当停止与他交谈。23.2

[Al-Sijistānī:] I once asked Aḥmad whether, if I see a man I know to be an adherent of the sunnah in the company of a reprehensible innovator, I should stop speaking to him. 23.2

“不。”他回答道，“你先告诉他，你看到他与之同行的那个人是一个标新立异者。如果他停止与此人交谈，那就好；如果没有，那就也把他视为标新立异者。正如伊本·麦斯欧德所说：‘以人的朋友来评判这个人。’” ［Al-Ḥasan ibn Thawwāb：］艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒曾经对我说：“人们从来没有像现在这样需要圣训。”23.3

“No,” he replied. “First tell him that the man you saw him with is an innovator. If he stops talking with him, fine. If not, consider him an innovator too. As Ibn Masʿūd said, ‘Judge a man by his friends.’” [Al-Ḥasan ibn Thawwāb:] Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal once told me, “People have never needed Hadith more than they need it now.” 23.3

“为什么？”他回答说：“已经出现了可憎的新事物。没有圣训，你就会陷入其中。”[Abū Muzāḥim:] 我的叔叔Abū ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān告诉我，al-Mutawakkil命令他去问Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal，谁有资格担任法官。我请叔叔给我看Ibn Ḥanbal的回复，他便寄了一份副本给我。我又抄写了一份，然后回去找他核对我所抄写的内容是否正确。original text如下：23.4

“Why?” “Reprehensible innovations have appeared,” he answered. “Without Hadith, you’ll be caught up in them.” [Abū Muzāḥim:] My uncle, Abū ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān, told me that al-Mutawakkil ordered him to ask Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal who was qualified to serve as a judge. I asked my uncle to show me Ibn Ḥanbal’s response and he sent me a copy of it. I made my own copy and then went back to him to check that what I had written was correct. The text ran as follows: 23.4

以至仁至慈的真主之名 23。5

In the name of God, full of compassion, ever compassionate 23.5

这是我在请艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒确认其内容之后，呈给他的文件副本。他确认了内容。我请他签名，他让他的儿子阿卜杜拉在文件底部代他签了字。

This is a copy of the document I presented to Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal after requesting that he confirm its contents, which he did. I asked him to sign it, and he asked his son ʿAbd Allāh to sign for him at the bottom.

我曾向艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒询问艾哈迈德·伊本·拉巴赫的情况。他回答说，此人是一个众所周知的哲赫米派追随者，曾担任过某个有权力的职位，并因其宗派信仰而对穆斯林造成了伤害。

I asked Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal about Aḥmad ibn Rabāḥ. He replied that he was a wellknown follower of Jahm who had held a position of authority where he had brought harm to Muslims because of his sectarian beliefs.

我向他询问了伊本·哈兰吉（Ibn Khalanjī）的情况。他的回答与他在伊本·阿比·拉巴赫（Ibn Abī Rabāḥ）一事上的回答相同，说此人是著名的哲海姆派（Jahm）追随者，而且是一个格外恶劣、危险的人。

I asked him about Ibn Khalanjī. He replied as he had in the case of Ibn Abī Rabāḥ, saying that he was a well-known follower of Jahm—in fact, an especially bad and dangerous one.

我问他关于舒阿伊卜·本·萨赫勒的情况，他回答说此人是一位著名的哲海米追随者。

I asked him about Shuʿayb ibn Sahl, and he replied that he was a well-known follower of Jahm.

我问他关于乌拜杜拉·伊本·艾哈迈德的情况，他回答说此人是著名的哲海米派追随者。

I asked him about ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Aḥmad, and he replied that he was a well-known follower of Jahm.

我问他关于一个名叫阿布·舒阿卜的人，他回答说此人是著名的哲海姆派追随者。

I asked him about the man called Abū Shuʿayb, and he replied that he was a well-known follower of Jahm.

我问他关于艾哈瓦兹的法官穆罕默德·本·曼苏尔的情况。他说："他曾与伊本·阿比·杜阿德有关联，并为其工作，不过他是较好的一类人，我不清楚他的立场。" 我问他关于伊本·阿里·本·贾阿德的情况，他说："他以追随贾赫姆而闻名，但后来我听说他已经悔改了。" 我问他关于法特赫·本·萨赫勒的情况，此人曾在巴格达主持穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜拉的申诉法庭。他回答说，他是一个众所周知的贾赫姆追随者，也是比什尔·马里西的同伙，让像他这样的人掌管穆斯林的事务是危险的。

I asked him about Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr, judge in al-Ahwāz. “He was involved with Ibn Abī Duʾād and worked for him, though he was one of the better ones, and I don’t know where he stands.” I asked him about Ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Jaʿd and he said, “He was well-known for being a follower of Jahm, but then I heard that he’s recanted.” I asked him about al-Fatḥ ibn Sahl, who had run Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh’s grievance court in Baghdad. He replied that he was a well-known follower of Jahm and an associate of Bishr al-Marīsī, and that it was dangerous to allow anyone like him to hold authority over Muslims.

我问他关于伊本·图拉伊希（Ibn al-Thaljī）的情况，他说：“一个应受谴责的革新者，也是一个宗派分子。”我问他关于易卜拉欣·伊本·阿塔卜（Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAttāb）的情况，他说：“我不认识他，但他是比什尔·马里西（Bishr al-Marīsī）的同伙，所以我会远离他，也不让他担任任何有权位的职务。一般来说，异端分子和宗派分子不应被任用于有权位的职务，因为授予他们权力对伊斯兰教极其危险，这一点信士的长官——愿真主赐他长寿——非常清楚，因为他坚持维护逊奈、反对异端。”我，艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒，声明阿卜杜·拉哈曼·伊本·叶哈雅·伊本·哈康（ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān）就这份文件上的所有内容向我询问过，我所说的正是他所记录的。由于我病重，无法行动，视力也不清，不能亲自书写任何内容。应我的请求，并在我面前，我的儿子阿卜杜拉（ʿAbd Allāh）已在本文件末尾签名。我祈求真主赐信士的长官长寿和健康，并以祂的恩典和大能，赐他援助与正道。

I asked him about Ibn al-Thaljī and he said, “A reprehensible innovator and a sectarian.” I asked him about Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAttāb and he said, “I don’t know him, but he was an associate of Bishr al-Marīsī, so I would steer clear of him, and keep him out of any position of authority. In general, heretics and sectarians should not be employed in positions of authority, since giving them power is extremely dangerous to Islam, as the Commander of Believers—God grant him long life—well knows, given his insistence on upholding the sunnah and combating heresy.” I, Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, declare that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yaḥyā ibn Khāqān has asked me about everything on this document and what I said is what he wrote down. As I am too ill to move or see clearly, I could not write anything myself. At my request and in my presence, my son ʿAbd Allāh has signed at the bottom of this document. I pray to God to give the Commander of Believers long life and good health and bless him with help and guidance, by His grace and power.

[艾哈迈德：] 凡有遵循逊奈者安葬之坟墓，即便他曾犯过罪，也是乐园中的一片花圃；凡有遵循异端者安葬之坟墓，即便他曾远离尘世，也是火狱中的一个深坑。23.6

[Aḥmad:] Any grave where lies a follower of the sunnah, even one who has sinned, is a flowerbed in the Garden. Any grave where lies a follower of innovation, even one who renounced the world, is a pit inside the Fire. 23.6

我们的榜样艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒对逊奈极为热忱，并坚决反对创新，以至于他会批评许多德行高尚的人，指出他们的某些行为违背了逊奈。这类批评应当被理解为在宗教事务上的善意规劝。23.7

Our exemplar Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal was so fervent in his attachment to the sunnah and his rejection of innovation that he would criticize many virtuous persons for actions that went against the sunnah. Such criticisms are to be understood as good counsel in a matter of religion. 23.7

[阿尔-萨拉吉:] 有一天,艾哈迈德·伊本·罕百勒对我说:“听说你常常去见阿尔-哈里思,”他指的是阿尔-穆哈西比。“下次他到你家来的时候,你能不能把我藏在某个地方,好让我听听他说什么?”23.8

[Al-Sarrāj:] One day Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal said to me, “I hear that you see a lot of al-Ḥārith,” meaning al-Muḥāsibī. “Next time he comes to your house, could you hide me somewhere so I can hear what he has to say?” 23.8

我很高兴他来找我，我告诉他我愿意照他所求去做。随后，我去见了al-Ḥārith，请他当晚过来，并把他的同伴也一起带来。

I was glad that he had come to me, and I told him that I would be happy to do as he asked. Then I went to see al-Ḥārith and asked him to come over that night and to bring his associates as well.

"Ismāʿīl，"他对我说，"他们是一大群人。尽量把油和枣的残渣都给他们，但不要给别的。"我答应照他的要求去做。然后我去找艾哈迈德，把这件事告诉了他。他在日落拜之后到达，走进楼上的一个房间，在那里专心做他个人的功修。 他做完后，阿尔-哈里斯和他的追随者们到了。他们吃完饭，起身做了晚礼拜，那是他们那一夜所做的最后一次礼拜。然后他们在阿尔-哈里斯面前坐下，一言不发。直到快到午夜，才有人向阿尔-哈里斯提出一个问题。他开口讲话，其他人聆听着，专注得仿佛有鸟在他们头上筑巢一般，有人哭泣，有人呼喊，还有人叹息。我上楼去看艾哈迈德，发现他哭得太厉害，已经昏了过去。我回到那群人中间，他们一直坐到黎明来临，才起身离去。我再次上楼去看艾哈迈德，他似乎处于一种恍惚的状态之中。

“Ismāʿīl,” he told me, “they’re a large group. Give them all the dregs of oil and dates as you can, but nothing more.” I agreed to do as he asked. Then I went to Aḥmad and let him know. He arrived after the sunset prayer and went into a room upstairs, where he busied himself with his personal devotions.149 After he finished, al-Ḥārith and his followers arrived. They ate and then got up to pray the evening prayer, which was the last prayer they performed that night. Then they sat down in front of al-Ḥārith without saying a word. No one said anything until it was almost midnight. Then one of them asked al-Ḥārith about a problem. He spoke and the others listened, as rapt as if they had birds nesting on their heads, with some weeping, others crying out, and others again sighing as he spoke. I went upstairs to check on Aḥmad and found that he had been weeping so hard that he had passed out. I went back to the group, which kept on until dawn came and they rose and left. I went back up to Aḥmad, who seemed to be in an altered state.

“你觉得他们怎么样？”我问道。

“What did you think of them?” I asked.

“我从没见过像他们那样的人，”他说，“也从没听谁像那个人那样谈论直接的知识。不过话说回来，我觉得你不该再和他们来往了。”说完，他站起身离开了。151

“I don’t think I’ve ever seen anything like them,” he said, “or heard anyone speak about direct knowledge150 the way that man does. Having said that, though, I don’t think you should join them any more.” Then he got up and left.151