Mafi tsufa kuma mafi dadewa na sunayen wuraren da yankin da daga baya ya zama sananne da "Falasdinu" a zamanin dā ya kasance ba su da alaƙa da Kan'ana.

The most traditional and earliest toponyms for the area which became known in classical Antiquity as ‘Palestine’ were not related to Cana’an.

Su ne sunayen wurare na Retenu da Djahi, waɗanda za a iya ɗauka a matsayin sunayen gargajiya, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da su a cikin labarin Sinuhe na Masar na ƙarni na 14 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Retenu an yi amfani da shi wajen nufin yankuna da ke gabar gabashin tekun Bahar Rum, kuma an raba shi zuwa ƙananan yankuna uku: Amurru, a arewa; Lebanon (wanda wani lokaci ake kira ‘Retenu ta Sama’), wanda ke kudu da Amurru kuma arewa da kogin Litani; da Djahi, mafi kudancin ɓangaren Retenu, wanda ke nufin yankuna kudu da kogin Litani har zuwa Ascalon (‘Asqalan, ko kuma Gaza) da kuma har zuwa Kwarin Rift a gabas.

They were the toponyms of Retenu and Djahi, which might be seen as traditional names, as used in the 14th century BC Egyptian story of Sinuhe.1 Retenu was used to refer to the regions along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and was divided into three sub-regions: Amurru, in the north, Lebanon (sometimes referred to as ‘Upper Retenu’), which lay south of Amurru and north of the Litani river, and Djahi, the southernmost part of Retenu, which referred to the regions south of the Litani to Ascalon (‘Asqalan, or perhaps Gaza) and as far as the Rift Valley to the east.

Hanyoyin gargajiya da aka bi wajen nazarin Filistiyawa, 'Peleset' da tsohuwar Falasdinu an gina su ne ta idanun masu mulkin mallaka na matsuguni. Sababbin binciken kayan tarihi da shaidun rubutattu na iya taimaka mana mu karanta tarihin Falasdinu ta idanun 'yan asalin kasar. Sababbin binciken kayan tarihi a Falasdinu/Isra'ila da shaidun rubutattu game da tsohuwar Falasdinu, wadanda aka zana a bango, haikali, abubuwan tunawa, duwatsun kabari, tsabar kudi da makabartun Filistiyawa da aka gano kwanan nan a Ascalon, wadanda suka kai kimanin shekaru 3000 da suka wuce (Ariel 2017), duk sun canza fahimtarmu game da tarihin tsohuwar Falasdinu, kuma sun haifar da sababbin tsare-tsare da suka juyin juya halin ilimin malamai game da Falasdinu. Wani kalma mai alaka da sunan Falasdinu, 'Peleset', an same ta a rubuce-rubuce guda biyar a matsayin wadda ke nufin matsugunin wasu mutane masu tafiya teku a gabar tekun kudancin Falasdinu tun tsakiyar karni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a lokacin mulkin Ramesses II da Ramesses III na daular Masar ta sha tara. Takardun shekaru 3200 daga Ramesses III, ciki har da rubutu da aka kwanta a kusan 1150 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, a Haikalin Jana'izar Ramesses III da ke Haikalin Medinat Habu a Luxor, daya daga cikin haikalai mafi kyawun adana a Masar, ya ambaci Peleset cikin wadanda suka yi yaki da Ramesses III (Breasted 2001: 24; haka kuma Bruyère 1929‒1930), wanda ya yi mulki daga 1186 zuwa 1155 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Yakin Ramesses III da abin da ake kira 'mutanen teku' (1181‒1175

The traditional approaches to the Philistines, ‘Peleset’ and ancient Palestine have been constructed through the eyes of settler-colonisers. New archaeological discoveries and epigraphical evidence can help us read the history of Palestine through the eyes of the indigenous. New archaeological discoveries in Palestine/Israel and epigraphic evidence on ancient Palestine – carved on walls, temples, memorials, gravestones, coins and Philistine graveyards uncovered recently in Ascalon, dating to about 3000 years ago (Ariel 2017) – have all transformed our understanding of the ancient history of Palestine and have resulted in new paradigms which revolutionised our scholarly knowledge on Palestine. A cognate of the name Palestine, ‘Peleset’, is found on five inscriptions as referring to the settlement of a seafaring people along the southern Palestinian coast from the mid-12th century BC during the reigns of Ramesses II2 and III of the nineteenth Egyptian dynasty. The 3200-year-old documents from Ramesses III, including an inscription dated c. 1150 BC, at the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III at the Medinat Habu Temple in Luxor – one of the best-preserved temples of Egypt – refers to the Peleset among those who fought against Ramesses III (Breasted 2001: 24; also Bruyère 1929‒1930), who reigned from 1186 to 1155 BC. Ramesses III’s war against the so-called ‘sea peoples’ (1181‒1175

BC) ya sanya Peleset, a fannin ƙasa, a cikin ƙasar Djahi, wato Falasdinu.

BC) placed Peleset, geographically, in the land of Djahi, that is Palestine.

A gaskiya, sabbin binciken kayan tarihi da aka yi a wani makabarta ta Filistiyawa mai shekaru 3000 a Ascalon sun haifar da sabon tunani game da asalin Filistiyawa, inda suka nuna karara cewa ba su kasance mahara daga tekun Aegean da suka mamaye kudancin Levant ko "mutanen teku" da suka bayyana a Falasdinu a lokacin Late Bronze Age ba, sai dai asalin al'ummar Gabas ta Kusa ne (Evian 2017; David 2017). Tun karni na 19, malaman Orientalist na Littafi Mai Tsarki suka danganta rubuce-rubucen Peleset na Masar da "Filistiyawan Littafi Mai Tsarki". Rubuce-rubucen Assuriyawa daga karni na 8 da na 7 suna kiran wannan yankin bakin teku na kudu da "Palashtu" ko "Pilistu".

In fact, new archaeological discoveries from a 3000-year-old Philistine graveyard in Ascalon have resulted in a new paradigm on the origins of the Philistines, firmly suggesting that they were not marauding Aegean invaders of the southern Levant or ‘sea peoples’ that appeared in Palestine in the course of the Late Bronze Age, but an indigenous population of the Near East (Evian 2017; David 2017). Since the 19th century biblical Orientalist scholars have linked the Egyptian cognate Peleset inscriptions with the ‘biblical Philistines’. Assyrian inscriptions from the 8th and 7th century refer to this southern coastal region as ‘Palashtu’ or ‘Pilistu’.

Ana samun shaidar rubutu a harshen Larabci a yankin Filastin gabashin Kogin Urdun, inda wasu rubuce-rubucen Larabci suka samo asali tun zamanin Roma, har ma a shekara ta 150 miladiyya. A zahiri, Filastin tana da wadatar rubuce-rubucen Larabci sosai, yawancinsu suna komawa zuwa farkon zamanin Musulunci da zamanin Umayyawa. Tun a farkon Musulunci Filastin ta samu muhimmanci na musamman ta fuskar addini, tattalin arziki da dabarun soja. Muhimmancin tarihi na Filastin ya bayyana ta cikin ɗaruruwan rubuce-rubucen Larabci na Filastin, waɗanda suka rufe fannoni iri-iri: gine-gine, wakafi na addini (waqf), rubuce-rubucen kabari, ginin gine-gine, kasuwanni, sadaukarwa, rubutun Alƙur'ani, addu'o'i da roƙo. An tattara babban tarin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce a cikin littafin Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestina mai juzu'o'i da dama (Sharon 1997‒2013; van Berchem 1894).

Arabic-language epigraphic evidence from Palestine east of the Jordan River is extensive, with some Arabic inscriptions dating from the Roman era and as early as 150 AD. In fact, Palestine is extremely rich in Arabic inscriptions, most of which date from the early Islamic and Umayyad periods. Already in early Islam Palestine acquired particular religious, economic and strategic importance. The historical importance of Filastin is shown in the hundreds of Palestine Arabic inscriptions which cover a huge variety of topics: architecture, Islamic religious (waqf) endowments, epitaphs, construction, markets, dedication, Quranic texts, prayers and invocations. A large collection of the inscriptions is assembled in the multivolume Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestina (Sharon 1997‒2013; van Berchem 1894).